The Phobos program was an uncrewed space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. Phobos 1 was launched on 7 July 1988, and Phobos 2 on 12 July 1988, each aboard a Proton-K rocket.
Phobos probe
Phobos is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. The two moons were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall. It is named after Phobos, the Greek god of fear and panic, who is the son of Ares (Mars) and twin brother of Deimos.
Enhanced color image of Phobos, as captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Stickney, the largest crater on Phobos, is on the right.
Asaph Hall III, discoverer of Phobos
The Phobos monolith (right of center) as taken by the Mars Global Surveyor (MOC Image 55103, 1998).
Image: Stickney mro