1.
Palm Pistol
–
The Palm Pistol is a pocket pistol invented by Matthew Carmel and manufactured by his company Constitution Arms in Maplewood, New Jersey. The firearm is specifically intended for use by seniors, disabled, the gun is intended to be a single-shot weapon held in the palm of the hand with the barrel extending between the fingers. The trigger would be at the top, squeezed by the users thumb, Carmel stated, I was sitting in my workshop one day, playing around with a T-handled screwdriver. And I was thinking about the recurring problem I have with the seniors I teach, loading cartridges, locking slides and hand weakness… I was thinking minimalist. If I start with just a cartridge, what is the minimal thing I have to put around it in order to ignite the primer, the T-handled screwdriver made Carmel realize that all he needed was a barrel, a breech, and a short butt or handle. The classification was overturned on December 8,2008, pocket pistol Protector Palm Pistol - 1800s era device of similar design and use
2.
Semi-automatic pistol
–
One cartridge is fired each time the trigger of a semi-automatic pistol is pulled, the pistols disconnector ensures this behavior. Additional terms sometimes used as synonyms for a semi-automatic pistol are automatic pistol, self-loading pistol, autopistol, a semi-automatic pistol harnesses the energy of one shot to reload the chamber for the next. After a round is fired, the spent casing is ejected, most pistols use recoil operation to do this, but some pistols use blowback or gas operation. Most types of semi-automatic pistols rely on a magazine to store ammunition before it is fired. Typically, the first round is loaded into the chamber by pulling back. This is called racking the slide or racking the gun, after the trigger is pulled and the round is fired, the recoil operation of the handgun automatically extracts and ejects the shell casing and reloads the chamber. This mode of operation allows for faster reloading and storing a larger number of cartridges than a revolver. Each pull of the trigger on a DAO semi-automatic pistol requires the amount of pressure. The Kel-Tec P-32 is an example of a DAO action, DAO semi-automatic pistols are most generally recommended only in the smaller, self-defense, concealable pistols, rather than in target or hunting pistols. A notable exception is Glock-brand pistols which optimize preset triggers, and this allows for significantly shorter trigger pulls than DAO. The trigger spring can be replaced with a one and paired with a low-strength sear connector resulting in lightened trigger pulls to improve a shooters accuracy. Standard modern semi-automatic pistols are double action, also sometimes known as double-action/single-action. In this design, the hammer or striker may be either thumb-cocked or activated by pulling the trigger when firing the first shot, the hammer or striker is recocked automatically during each firing cycle. In double-action pistols, the first pull of the trigger requires roughly twice as much pressure as subsequent firings, the Beretta 92F/FS, a full-sized, service, semi-automatic pistol is an example of this style of action. A common mode of carry for DA semi-automatic pistols is with the full, a round chambered. In contrast, a single-action semi-automatic pistol must be cocked by first operating the slide or bolt, or, if a round is already chambered, the famed Colt M1911 is an example of this style of action. All SA semi-automatic pistols exhibit this feature, and automatically cock the hammer when the slide is first racked to chamber a round, a round can also be manually inserted in the chamber with the slide locked back. Then the safety can be applied, the normal mode of carrying an SA semi-automatic pistol is condition 1, popularly known as cocked and locked
3.
Derringer
–
The term derringer is a genericized misspelling of the last name of Henry Deringer, a famous 19th-century maker of small pocket pistols. The original Deringer pistol was a single-shot muzzleloading pistol, with the advent of cartridge firearms, a derringer is generally the smallest usable handgun of a given caliber. They were frequently used by women, because they are easily concealable in a purse or as a stocking gun, such weapons designed specifically for women were called muff pistols, due to their compact size enabling them to be carried in a muff. Derringers are not repeating firearms—repeating mechanisms such as used in semi-automatic handguns and/or revolvers would add significant bulk to the gun. The famous Remington derringer design doubled the capacity, while maintaining the size, by adding a second barrel on top of the first. Each barrel then held one round, and a cam on the hammer alternated between top and bottom barrels, the Remington derringer was in.41 Short caliber and achieved wide popularity. The.41 Short bullet moved very slowly, at about 425 feet per second, around half the speed of a modern.45 ACP. It could be seen in flight, but at close range, such as at a casino or saloon card table. The Remington derringer was sold from 1866 to 1935, a Remington-pattern derringer in.38 Special is still smaller than the most compact.25 ACP semiautomatic, and provides superior terminal ballistic performance to the.25 ACP. While the classic Remington design is a single-action, manufacturers have also made double-action derringers, including some four-shot models, with the barrels stacked in a 2 ×2 block. The COP357 Derringer provided four shots of.357 Magnum in a not much larger than a.25 ACP automatic. The COP derringer was invented by Robert Hillberg and closely resembled his earlier work on insurgency weapons, a related design, often grouped with derringers since it fits no other standard classification, is the Semmerling pistol. It is a five-shot.45 ACP pistol with a manual repeater, another military pistol that is truly a derringer design is the FP-45 Liberator, a.45 ACP insurgency weapon dropped behind Axis lines in World War II. The current production of derringers are used by Cowboy Action Shooting reenactors as well as a concealed-carry weapon and it is the smallest handgun that is capable of handling the largest ammunition. Some favor the derringer as a carry weapon because of its size as well as the swiftness of putting it into action. Critics believe it is not a weapon for self-defense since the derringer possesses only a two-shot capacity. The Philadelphia Deringer was a small percussion handgun designed by Henry Deringer, a popular concealed carry handgun of the era, this pocket pistol design was widely copied by competitors, sometimes down to the markings. A new percussion cap would then be placed on the tube, then, to fire the handgun, a user would fully cock the hammer, aim, and squeeze the trigger
4.
Revolver
–
A revolver is a repeating handgun that has a revolving cylinder containing multiple chambers and at least one barrel for firing. Revolvers might be regarded as a subset of pistols, or as a subset of handguns. Though the term revolver usually only refers to handguns, other firearms may also have a revolving chamber and these include some models of grenade launchers, shotguns, and rifles. Most revolvers contain five or six rounds in the cylinder, though the original name was revolving gun, the short-hand revolver is universally used. The revolver allows the user to fire multiple rounds without reloading, each time the user cocks the hammer, the cylinder revolves to align the next chamber and round with the hammer and barrel, which gives this type of firearm its name. In a single-action revolver, the user pulls the back with his free hand or thumb. In a double-action revolver, pulling the trigger moves the back, then releases it. Loading and unloading a double-action revolver requires the operator to swing out the cylinder and insert the proper ammunition, the first guns with multichambered cylinders that revolved to feed one barrel were made in the late 16th century in Europe. They were expensive and rare curiosities, not until the 19th century would revolvers become common weapons of industrial production. One of the first was a flintlock revolver patented by Elisha Collier in 1814, the first percussion revolver was made by Lenormand of Paris in 1820 and the first percussion cap revolver was invented by the Italian Francesco Antonio Broccu in 1833. He received a prize of 300 francs for his invention, although he did not patent it, however, in 1835 a similar handgun was patented by Samuel Colt, who would go on to make the first mass-produced revolver. The first cartridge revolvers were produced around 1854 by Eugene Lefaucheux, revolvers soon became standard for nearly all uses. In the early 20th century, semi-automatic pistols were developed, which can hold more rounds, Automatic pistols also have a flat profile, more suitable for concealed carry. Automatic pistols have almost completely replaced revolvers in military and law enforcement use, revolvers still remain popular as back-up and off-duty handguns among American law enforcement officers and security guards. Also, revolvers are still common in the American private sector as defensive, in the development of firearms, an important limiting factor was the time it took to reload the weapon after it was fired. While the user was reloading, the weapon was useless, several approaches to the problem of increasing the rate of fire were developed, the earliest being multi-barrelled weapons which allowed two or more shots without reloading. Later weapons featured multiple barrels revolving along a single axis, the earliest examples of what today is called a revolver were made in Germany in the late 16th century. These weapons featured a barrel with a revolving cylinder holding the powder
5.
Concealed carry (USA)
–
Concealed carry or carrying a concealed weapon, is the practice of carrying a weapon in public in a concealed manner, either on ones person or in close proximity. Not all weapons that fall under CCW laws are lethal, there is no federal statutory law concerning the issuance of concealed-carry permits. Vermont does not have such a statute but permits both open and concealed carry based on a decision of long standing. Illinois had been the last state without such a provision – but its long-standing ban on concealed weapons was overturned in an appeals court. Thirteen states use a single permit to regulate the practices of both concealed and open carry of a handgun, some states publish statistics indicating how many residents hold permits to carry concealed weapons, and their demographics. For example, Florida has issued 2,031,106 licenses since adopting its law in 1987 and it is likely that by December 2012 Florida had reached the milestone of 1 million active licensees within a population of 19 million. Reported permit holders are predominantly male, some states have reported the number of permit holders increasing over time. Thats about a more than previous estimates by scholars. The number of permit revocations is typically small, the grounds for revocation in most states, other than expiration of a time-limited permit without renewal, is typically the commission of a gross misdemeanor or felony by the permit holder. While these crimes are often firearm-related, a study of eight years of Texas data found that concealed handgun licensees were much less likely to be convicted of crimes than were nonlicensees. The same study found that licensees convictions were more likely to be for common crimes, such as sexual offenses, gun offenses. However, a 2014 Stanford University study reported that laws were associated with an 8% increase of aggravated assaults. Concealed weapons bans were passed in Kentucky and Louisiana in 1813, by 1859, Indiana, Tennessee, Virginia, Alabama, and Ohio had followed suit. By the end of the century, similar laws were passed in places such as Texas, Florida, and Oklahoma. Before the mid 1900s, most U. S. states had passed concealed carry laws rather than banning weapons completely, until the late 1990s, many Southern states were either No-Issue or Restrictive May-Issue. Since then, these states have largely enacted Shall-Issue licensing laws, regulations differ widely by state, with most states currently maintaining a Shall-Issue policy. As recently as the mid-90s most states were no-issue or may-issue, for detailed information on individual states permitting policies, see Gun laws in the United States by state. An unrestricted jurisdiction is one in which a permit is not required to carry a concealed handgun and this is sometimes called constitutional carry
6.
Mouse gun
–
A mouse gun is most often considered a category of small revolver, or semi-automatic handgun intended for concealed carry self defense. Typically such small pistols are of.380 ACP caliber or less, with.32 ACP.25 ACP.22 Long Rifle, the small size and mass of these pistols, and low energy of the smaller cartridges, can make functioning of semi-automatic versions less reliable. Examples of revolver mouse guns include the North American Arms Mini Revolver, the North American Arms Mini Revolver is styled very much like popular pocket revolvers of the 19th Century, but is made entirely of stainless steel. Particularly small and high-quality examples, such as the Seecamp LWS32.32 ACP pistol, since roughly 1995, however, there has been considerable erosion in these high prices, as a result of manufacturers producing smaller pistols chambered in.380 ACP and 9mm. Derringer Pocket pistol Saturday night special
7.
Queen Anne pistol
–
Queen Anne pistols are a type of flintlock pistol distinguished by the lockplate being forged in one piece with the breech and the trigger plate. They are usually a design known as a turn-off pistol. Possibly first made in England, they came in fashion in England during the reign of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, hence the name. Though made in all sizes up to carbine, they were made in the size range known as coat pocket pistols or coat pistols. A small version, known as a Toby or muff pistol, was able to be concealed in a pocket or a ladies hand warmer muff. Other types of pistol are often referred to as Queen Anne, the chamber is long and narrow with a cup at the top shaped to fit the bullet. The user can quickly fill the chamber with black powder and put a bullet on top, the bullet is larger than the barrel, so the breech is tapered to compress the ball as it moves forward at the moment of firing to tightly fit the bore. High gas pressure is developed behind the bullet before it is forced into the barrel, thus achieving considerably higher muzzle velocity, the barrel was often rifled, which improves accuracy. The system also avoids the need for wadding or a ramrod during loading and it was not successful as a military weapon because in the heat of battle the separate barrel could be dropped during loading. A swiveled, hinged link was designed to allow the barrel to be unscrewed while still remaining attached, the greatest popularity of the Queen Anne was among civilians as an effective self defense weapon. It was often decorated to suit the tastes of the wealthy. Pirate Living History 1680-1725 Burgoyne, John W, museum Restoration Service,2002 ISBN 0-88855-015-4 Boothroyd, Geoffrey, The Handgun, Crown Publishers 1970 Garrett, Richard, The Evolution of the Queen Anne Pistol. Catalogue of the London Park Lane Arms Fair, Spring 2005
8.
Henry Deringer
–
Henry Deringer was an American gunsmith. He is best known for inventing and giving his name to the derringer pistol, Deringer was born in Easton, Pennsylvania on October 26,1786 to colonial gunsmith Henry Deringer Senior and Catherine McQuety. The family moved to Philadelphia where his father continued work on the Kentucky rifle and he sent his son to Richmond to apprentice with another gunsmith there. Henry Deringer moved back to Pennsylvania after serving his apprenticeship and set up shop in 1806 in Philadelphia and he married Elizabeth Hollobush at the First Reformed Church in Philadelphia on April 5,1810. Deringers early efforts were for military contracts, producing military pistols, muskets, among those he produced was the Model 1814 Common Rifle and the Model 1817 Common Rifle. He produced trade rifles, designated for the Native American tribes and his specialties became fine sporting rifles and dueling pistols. He stopped pursuing the government contracts by the mid-1840s, in 1825 he designed the first of the large caliber, short barreled pistols that would lead to considerable wealth and fame for himself. Using the basic action in common usage at the time. Later models used the percussion cap action, although both actions were manufactured and sold for some time, for arms of his own design, he adopted the newer percussion cap technology, putting his pistol on the modern cutting edge. He was innovating, the cap was perfected about 1820, and Deringer was marketing them by the 1830s. Deringer never claimed a patent for his pistols and the public bought them as fast as he produced them, further development and copying of his design resulted in the derringer pistol that was generically manufactured widely by other companies. There was widespread copying of his designs, included outright counterfeiting with his proofmarks being copied, one company even hired a tailor called John Deringer so that it could put the Deringer name on its firearms. Some of Deringers workmen also left the company to set up their own duplicates, whilst others copied his pistols as closely as possible with some even putting on its Deringer name, Deringer fought these infringements for most of his business life. The Derringer vs Plate ruling, in which the California Supreme Court ruled in the companys favor, Deringer died in 1868 at the age of 81 and was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Concealed carry in the United States The Booth Deringer—Genuine Artifact or Replica. at FBI. gov Bond Arms - Modern manufacturer of derringers American Derringer - Modern manufacturer of derringers
9.
.357 Magnum
–
The.357 S&W Magnum, or simply.357 Magnum, is a revolver cartridge with a. 357-inch bullet diameter. It was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip B, Wesson of firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. It is based upon Smith & Wessons earlier.38 Special cartridge, the.357 Magnum cartridge was introduced in 1934, and its use has since become widespread. This cartridge started the Magnum era of handgun ammunition, the.357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its stopping power. The.357 Magnum was collaboratively developed over a period in the early to mid-1930s by a group of individuals in a response to Colts.38 Super Automatic. Tests at the revealed that those vests defeated any handgun cartridge traveling at less than about 1,000 feet per second. Colts.38 Super Automatic just edged over that velocity and was able to penetrate car doors and vests that bootleggers and gangsters were employing as cover. Though.38 and.357 would seem to be different diameter chamberings, they are in fact identical, the.38 Special nomenclature relates to the previous use of heeled bullets, which were the same diameter as the case. Thus, the only difference in the two cartridges is a slight difference in length, solely for safety purposes. Much credit for the. 357s early development is given to hunter and experimenter Elmer Keith, the. 38-44 HV load used the. 38-Special cartridge loaded to a much higher velocity than standard. 38-Special ammunition. The. 38-44 revolvers were made by using a.44 Special size gun with the barrel bored to accept. 357-caliber bullets, since the frame, cylinder, and barrel were much stronger than the standard.38 Special components, it was capable of withstanding much higher pressures. The. 38-44 HV round, while no longer available, was in most cases the equal of the later.357 Magnum, which works at more than double the pressure of standard.38 Special. Elmer Keith also contributed the Keith-style bullet, which increased the mass of bullet located outside the cartridge, the Keith bullet also employed a large, flat meplat, thus enabling rapid energy transfer for greater wounding properties. At the same time, this design does not deform like a hollow point. These characteristics of the Keith bullet make it suitable for hunting applications as well as for target shooting. In order to reassert itself as the leading law-enforcement armament provider, Smith & Wesson developed the.357 Magnum, Wesson leading the effort within Smith & Wesson, along with considerable technical assistance from Phillip B. Sharpe, a member of the Technical Division staff of the National Rifle Association, the new round was developed from Smith & Wessons existing.38 Special round. It used a different powder load, and ultimately the case was extended by 1⁄8 inch, the case extension was more a matter of safety than of necessity
10.
Baby Browning
–
The FN Baby Browning is a small blowback-operated semi-automatic pistol designed by Dieudonné Saive based on a design by John Browning and chambered in.25 ACP. The pistol features a magazine capacity and is a striker-fired, single action. The manual thumb operated safety locks the slide in the position when engaged using side thumb pressure. FN introduced the revolutionary model 1905 in 1905, despite the name FN used for this pistol, it was later marketed as the M1906, the V. P.25, and most confusingly, the Baby model. This pistol was introduced more or less at the time the 6. 35x16mm.25 ACP cartridge became widely available. The term ACP stands for Automatic Colt Pistol and this cartridge was among the first automatic pistol cartridges to be utilized worldwide. It was designed with a shell casing made of brass. The rim of the casing had a slightly larger circumference than the base of the cartridge. The M1905/M1906 Vest Pocket pistol incorporated a safety mechanism that constituted the entire rear section of the grip. This particular safety mechanism required a significant amount of hand palm pressure to disengage, Colt produced a nearly identical pocket pistol, the Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket, which incorporated a small safety lever on the left side of the receiver which locked the trigger. In addition, this safety lever mechanism locked the slide about a half inch back from the front of the pistol to enable easy disassembly, FN also added this safety lever mechanism to its pistol, but did not add the magazine safety mechanism that Colt introduced in 1916. Pressured by dozens of imitations and the proliferation of blatant unlicensed copies, the basic Vest Pocket pistol design was used as a starting point for the new design. Dieudonné Saive was asked during 1926-1927 to design the new pistol and his design was smaller, lighter, and incorporated several refinements and improvements to the M1908 version. This improvement was at the cost of the slide hold-back feature that was eliminated in the new design. The receiver has a full-length dust guard extending to the end of the slide, the Dieudonne Saive design also introduced a magazine safety mechanism similar to the one utilized on the Colt Vest Pocket pistol. Parts are not interchangeable between these pistols, a cocking indicator was also incorporated on the back of the slide. FN manufactured and marketed the Baby Browning pistol from 1931 until 1979, about 500,000 units were produced, including the hand chiseled engraved Renaissance and the Lightweight version. The Lightweight utilized a 6061 T6 aluminum receiver and chrome-plated slide and this particular version of the Baby Browning pistol was developed and marketed in commemoration of the Concorde supersonic jet which was introduced to the public circa 1965
11.
.25 ACP
–
The.25 ACP is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled centerfire pistol cartridge introduced by John Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale M1905 pistol. The cartridge was designed by John Browning for early blowback pistols that lacked a breech locking mechanism, the cartridge was designed to duplicate the performance of a.22 Long Rifle cartridge, when fired from a 2 barrel. The.25 caliber was the smallest case Browning could use, and utilize primer pocket, and sufficient rim. The greased, coated lead bullet design, standard for the.22 long rifle of the day, was replaced with a copper jacketed round nose profile for more reliable feeding in self-loading pistols. The bullet weight was typically 50 grains, keeping with the density of the 40 grain.22 caliber bullet. The cartridge is of semi-rimmed design meaning that the rim protrudes slightly beyond the diameter of the base of the cartridge so the cartridge can headspace on the rim, a recessed extractor groove allows an extractor to grab the cartridge reliably. It is one of the smallest centerfire pistol round in production, the.25 ACP achieved widespread use after Colt introduced the Browning-designed Fabrique 1905 vest pocket to the United States as the Colt Model 1908 Vest Pocket. In the late century, Bowen Classic Arms produced a custom Smith & Wesson revolver in.25 ACP. Following World War II, the Italian Lercker machine pistol was chambered for the.25 ACP, manufacturers have loaded commercial hollow-point bullets to higher velocities than standard 50-grain full metal jacketed loads
12.
Kel-Tec P-32
–
The Kel-Tec P-32 is a sub-compact semi-automatic pistol using the short-recoil principle of operation that is chambered in.32 ACP. It was designed by George Kellgren and it is manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries Inc. of Cocoa, Florida and was designed for concealed carry by civilians and by law enforcement officers as a back-up gun. Manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries in the city of Cocoa, Florida, USA, the P-32 operates on Brownings short-recoil principle with a locked breech. Similar in concept to a revolver, the P-32 has no safety, relying instead on the long double-action trigger pull. The pistol meets SAAMI guidelines, and will not fire if dropped, the P-32 has passed extensive SAAMI drop-testing at the H. P. White labs, as well as drop tests to military specifications. The trigger must physically be pulled for the gun to fire, Kel-Tec CNC Industries of Cocoa, FL Mousegun Pocket pistol Single column magazine Kel-Tec CNC Industries Kel-Tec P32 Safety, Instruction, and Parts Manual Kel-Tec Owners Group
13.
Kel-Tec P11
–
The Kel-Tec P-11 is a compact, semi-automatic, short-recoil operated pistol chambered in 9 mm Luger. It has been manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries of Cocoa, FL since 1995, the P-11 was designed by Swedish-born George Kellgren, the designer of many earlier Husqvarna, Intratec, and Grendel brand firearms. The P-11 uses an aluminum receiver inside a polymer grip housing held on with polymer pins, the slide, barrel, and magazine are steel. The standard magazine holds 10 rounds, or 12 rounds in states not limited to 10-round magazines, both fit flush to the bottom of the pistol. At 17.1 oz unloaded, the handgun itself is comparatively light, the P-11 lacks an external manual safety, relying instead on a long and heavy double action only trigger pull, which requires 9 pounds of pressure, to prevent accidental discharge. A firing pin spring and low-mass hammer prevent discharge if the gun is dropped, the P-11 will also accept some Smith & Wesson 59 series magazines. An available adapter wraps around the base of 15-round Smith & Wesson model 59-style magazines, Smith & Wesson series 69 compact 12-round magazines will also work, with a matching short adapter sleeve, as well. For a short period, the P-11 was offered in.40 S&W and these weapons were designated P-40 and P-357. These models mated a P-11s frame to a slide width. Kel-Tec has suspended production of these pistols and conversion kits, in 2006, Kel-Tec introduced a single-stack pistol based on the P-11 with engineering improvements borrowed from the P-3AT. The resulting PF-9 pistol weighs about the same loaded as the P-11 empty and is somewhat slimmer, the P-11 is designed for concealed carry by members of the general public and law enforcement officers. It is only slightly wider than the magazine it uses. It is particularly attractive to users who want a concealable firearm, the barrel is near the minimum length possible with a Browning tilting-barrel system of operation. The gun easily fits into a pocket, small holster, or inside a handbag, all edges are rounded and smoothed allowing comfort while carrying concealed. Few protrusions on the pistol can catch on a pocket holster, the P-11 was mentioned in the American Dad. Episode Iced, Iced Babies as indicated by Debbie, Steves girlfriend, sccy CPX-1 Taurus PT111 Review, http, //www. humanevents. com/2011/08/23/review-of-the-keltec-p11-a-pocketful-of-9mm/ Kel-Tec CNC Industries P-11 Handgun Kel-Tec Owners Group
14.
Holster
–
Holsters are generally designed to offer protection to the handgun, secure its retention, and provide ready access to it. The need for access is often at odds with the need for security and protection. Holsters are generally designed to be used one hand, allowing the handgun to be removed and/or replaced with the same hand. Holsters are generally attached to a belt or waistband or clipped to another article of clothing. Some holsters, such as holsters, have integrated support. Other holsters may fit inside a pocket, to add stability and protection to the handgun, keeping it more reliably secure, Holsters are generally worn in a location where they can be readily accessible. Common locations are, at the waist, behind the back, at the ankle, at the chest, Holsters are sometimes contained in an external bag, such as a purse or fanny pack. Since holsters are made from fairly stiff yet tough materials. The traditional material, particularly for handgun holsters, is leather and it has an attractive appearance and can be dyed in many colors and/or embossed with elaborate designs for cosmetic reasons. Ballistic nylon is another common fabric for holsters, as it is stiff, wear resistant, molded plastics, such as Kydex, are also popular, due to their low cost and robustness. The wide range of types indicates the highly varied circumstances in which holsters are used, duty holsters are designed to be carried openly, so concealment is not an issue, but retention and appearance are. Duty holsters can be made of leather, nylon, or plastic, they are designed to be attached to a duty belt, and worn on the dominant side. Duty holsters are generally found for service and compact size handguns as opposed to small subcompact handguns as these are generally only used for concealed carry backup guns. The primary characteristic that often distinguishes duty holsters from all other designs is retention. Therefore, when selecting a duty holster, an officer may be forced to find a compromise of speed, tactical/military holsters are usually made of nylon or plastic. They may be made in a pattern to match the wearers uniform. They are often of a design and offer a retention device. Some military holsters still use the old flap design, there is some overlap between duty holsters, tactical holsters, and military holsters
15.
Newton (unit)
–
The newton is the International System of Units derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, see below for the conversion factors. One newton is the force needed to one kilogram of mass at the rate of one metre per second squared in direction of the applied force. In 1948, the 9th CGPM resolution 7 adopted the name newton for this force, the MKS system then became the blueprint for todays SI system of units. The newton thus became the unit of force in le Système International dUnités. This SI unit is named after Isaac Newton, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2. Newtons second law of motion states that F = ma, where F is the applied, m is the mass of the object receiving the force. The newton is therefore, where the symbols are used for the units, N for newton, kg for kilogram, m for metre. In dimensional analysis, F = M L T2 where F is force, M is mass, L is length, at average gravity on earth, a kilogram mass exerts a force of about 9.8 newtons. An average-sized apple exerts about one newton of force, which we measure as the apples weight, for example, the tractive effort of a Class Y steam train and the thrust of an F100 fighter jet engine are both around 130 kN. One kilonewton,1 kN, is 102.0 kgf,1 kN =102 kg ×9.81 m/s2 So for example, a platform rated at 321 kilonewtons will safely support a 32,100 kilograms load. Specifications in kilonewtons are common in safety specifications for, the values of fasteners, Earth anchors. Working loads in tension and in shear, thrust of rocket engines and launch vehicles clamping forces of the various moulds in injection moulding machines used to manufacture plastic parts
16.
.22 LR
–
The.22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge is a long-established variety of ammunition, and in terms of units sold is still by far the most common in the world today. The cartridge is often referred to simply as.22 LR and various rifles, pistols, revolvers, and even some smoothbore shotguns have been manufactured in this caliber. American firearms manufacturer J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company introduced the cartridge in 1887 by combining the casing of the.22 Long with the 40-grain bullet of the.22 Extra Long. The round owes its origin to the Flobert BB cap of 1845 through the.22 Smith & Wesson cartridge of 1857 and it is one of the few cartridges that are accepted by a large variety of rifles, as well as pistols. The.22 Long Rifle and related cartridges use a bullet, which means that the bullet is the same diameter as the case. Low cost, minimal recoil, and relatively low noise make the.22 LR an ideal cartridge for recreational shooting, initial training, small-game hunting. Used by Boy Scouts for the rifle shooting merit badge, the cartridge is popular among novice shooters, a wide variety of rimfire ammunition is available commercially, and the available ammunition varies widely both in price and performance. Bullet weights among commercially available range from 20 to 60 grains. Promotional loads for plinking can be purchased in bulk for significantly less cost than precision target rounds, the low cost of ammunition has a substantial effect on the popularity of the.22 LR. For this reason, rimfire cartridges are used for target practice. The low recoil of the cartridge makes it ideal for introductory firearms courses, novice shooters can be surprised or frightened by the recoil of more powerful rounds. Beginners shooting firearms beyond their comfort level frequently develop a habit of flinching in an attempt to counter anticipated recoil, the resulting habit impedes correct posture and follow-through at the most critical phase of the shot and is difficult to correct. With high recoil eliminated, other errors in marksmanship technique are easier to identify, available for this round are AR-15 upper receivers and M1911 slide assemblies. Many handgun manufacturers have an upper pistol conversion kit to make it shoot.22 ammunition and these rimfire conversions allow shooters to practice inexpensively while retaining the handling characteristics of their chosen firearms. Additionally.22 conversion kits allow practice at indoor ranges which prohibit high-power firearms, annual production is estimated by some at 2–2.5 billion rounds. The NSSF estimates that half of the US production of 10 billion cartridges is composed of. 22LR, performance varies between barrel length and the type of action. For example, bolt-action rifles may perform differently from semiautomatic rifles, the.22 LR is effective to 150 yd, though practical ranges tend to be less. After 150 yd, the ballistics of the round are such that it will be difficult to compensate for the large drop, the relatively short effective range, low report, and light recoil has made it a favorite for use as a target-practice cartridge
17.
.32 ACP
–
.32 ACP, also known as the.32 Automatic is a centerfire pistol cartridge. It is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning and it was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale, and is also known as the 7. 65×17mmSR Browning or 7.65 mm Browning Short. John Browning engineered a number of modern semi-automatic pistol mechanisms and cartridges, as his first pistol cartridge, the.32 ACP needed a straight wall for reliable blowback operation as well as a small rim for reliable feeding from a box magazine. The cartridge headspaces on the rim, the cartridge was a success and was adopted by dozens of countries and countless governmental agencies. The popularity of the.32 ACP in the half of the 20th century cannot be overstated—especially in Europe. Firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd of the UK informed author Ian Fleming, his countryman, a significant factor in recommending this round was its near universal availability throughout the world in the 1950s. To avoid patent infringement John Pedersen designed the Remington Model 51 so as to not to rely on any other, the.32 ACP has been chambered in more handguns than any other cartridge. Between 1899 and 1909, Fabrique Nationale produced 500,000 guns chambered for.32 ACP, heckler & Koch produced the HK4, their first handgun, in 1967. Twelve thousand HK4 pistols were produced in.32 ACP for the German police, the.32 ACP was intended for blowback semi-automatic pistols which lacked a breech locking mechanism. It was John Pedersen with the Remington Model 51 that delivered a true locked breech for the.32 ACP cartridge, the relatively low power and light bullet of the cartridge allowed Browning to incorporate a practical blowback mechanism in a small pocket-size pistol. It is still used primarily in compact, inexpensive pistols. The.32 ACP is compact and light, while some believe it has marginal stopping power, it has been used effectively by military and police worldwide for the past century. Weapons chambered in it are often valued for their compactness, although.32 ACP handguns were traditionally made of steel, they have been produced in light weight polymers since the 1990s. Their light weight, very low recoil and very good relative to larger caliber pistols make them suitable for concealed carry use. Some popular pistols chambered in.32 ACP are the Walther PP and the Walther PPK as well as the FEG PA-63, which is a clone of the Walther PP. It offers more velocity and energy than the.32 S&W, although of lighter bullet weight, the.32 ACP also compares favorably to the.32 S&W Long in performance. Some European 73 grain.32 ACP loads provides similar performance to the.32 H&R Magnum 77 grain lead flat point and 90 grain lead semiwadcutter, the.32 ACP is one of the most common calibers used in veterinary humane killers, such as the Greener Humane Killer. Given that a.22 LR can penetrate bone, the higher power.32 ACP can easily penetrate a skull with a muzzle-contact shot
18.
.380 ACP
–
The.380 ACP is a rimless, straight-walled pistol cartridge developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case and it was introduced in 1908 by Colt, for use in its new Colt Model 1908 pocket hammerless semi-automatic, and has been a popular self-defense cartridge ever since, seeing wide use in numerous handguns. Other names for.380 ACP include.380 Auto, 9mm Browning, 9mm Corto, 9mm Kurz, 9mm Short and it is not to be confused with.38 ACP, 9mm Ultra, 9mm Makarov or 9mm Parabellum. The.380 ACP cartridge was derived from Brownings earlier 9×20mm semi-rimmed design, the.380 ACP was designed to be truly rimless, with headspace on the case mouth instead of the rim for better accuracy. These relatively low-powered designs were intended for blowback pistols which lacked a barrel locking mechanism, a drawback of the blowback system is that it requires a certain amount of slide mass to counter the recoil of the round used. Blowback weapons can be made in larger than.380 ACP. There have also some relatively diminutive submachine guns, such as the Ingram MAC-11. The.380 ACP has experienced widespread use in the years since its introduction. In 1914, it was used by Gavrilo Princip to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia and it was also used extensively by Germany, who captured or purchased hundreds of thousands of pistols in this caliber during World War II. Popular German built commercial models, such as the Walther PPK were very popular with German officers, the Italian Army used the Beretta M1934, but the Italian Air Force and Navy stuck with the 7. 65mm/.32 ACP when they adopted the Beretta M1935. It was widely used by forces in Europe until at least the 1980s when more powerful 9×19mm handguns began to replace it in this market as well. It does find some use as a backup gun due to the small and easily concealable size of the weapons that chambered it. The.380 ACP round is suitable for situations as a choice for concealed carry pistols. It was the used in Defense Distributeds Wiki Weapon project to successfully 3D print a firearm. The.380 ACP is compact and light, but has a short range. According to gun author Massad Ayoob, Some experts will say its barely adequate, even so, it remains a popular self-defense cartridge for shooters who want a lightweight pistol with manageable recoil and/or smaller pistol. It is slightly less powerful than a standard-pressure.38 Special, the heaviest bullet that can be safely loaded into the.380 ACP is 115 grains, though the standard has long been 85,90 or 95 grains. The wounding potential of bullets is often characterized in terms of a bullets expanded diameter, penetration depth, bullet energy for.380 ACP loads varies from roughly 190 to 220 foot-pounds force
19.
9mm Luger
–
For this reason, it is designated as the 9mm Luger by the SAAMI and the 9 mm Luger by the C. I. P. Under STANAG4090, it is a cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. The name Parabellum is derived from the Latin, Si vis pacem, para bellum, according to the 2014 edition of Cartridges of the World, the 9×19mm Parabellum is the worlds most popular and widely used military handgun and submachinegun cartridge. In addition to being used by over 60% of police in the U. S, newsweek credits 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers. The popularity of this cartridge can be attributed to the widely held conviction that it is effective in police and its low cost and wide availability contribute to the calibers continuing popularity. Shortening the length of the case used in the Borchardt pistol allowed him to improve the design of the toggle lock and to incorporate a smaller. Lugers work on the Borchardt design evolved into the Luger pistol, first patented in 1898, demand from Germany for a larger caliber in their military sidearm led Luger to develop the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge for the eventual P08 pistol. This was achieved by removing the bottleneck shape of the 7. 65×21mm Parabellum case, in 1902, Luger presented the new round to the British Small Arms Committee, as well as three prototype versions to the U. S. Army for testing at Springfield Arsenal in mid-1903. The Imperial German Navy adopted the cartridge in 1904 and in 1908 the German Army adopted it as well, the ogive of the bullet was slightly redesigned in the 1910s to improve feeding. To conserve lead during World War II in Germany, the core was replaced by an iron core encased with lead. This bullet, identified by a bullet jacket, was designated as the 08 mE. By 1944, the jacket of the 08 mE bullet was dropped. Another wartime variation was designated the 08 sE bullet and identified by its dark gray jacket, after World War I, acceptance of the 9×19mm Parabellum chambering increased, and 9×19mm Parabellum pistols and submachine guns were adopted by military and police users in many countries. The 9×19mm Parabellum has become the most popular caliber for U. S. law enforcement agencies, worldwide, the 9×19mm Parabellum is one of the more popular pistol cartridges where it is legal, and cartridges in this caliber are generally available anywhere pistol ammunition is sold. In addition, the Beretta M9 was adopted by the U. S. Army in 1985, previously, most American police departments issued.38 Special caliber revolvers with a six-shot capacity. The.38 Special was preferred to other such as variants of the M1911 because it offered low recoil, was small and light enough to accommodate different shooters. This, coupled with the advent of the so-called wonder nines, led to many U. S. police departments exchanging their revolvers for some form of 9mm semiautomatic handguns by the 1980s. In 2013 a chart of popular calibers that was released by the website Luckygunner. com showed 9mm x 19mm Parabellum as having 21. 4% of the cartridge market followed by the.223 Rem at 10. 2%
20.
.45 ACP
–
The.45 ACP, or.45 Auto is a handgun cartridge designed by John Browning in 1905, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials it was adopted along with the Browning.45 Colt handgun as the.45 M1911 cartridge, the handgun was designated M1911 handgun. The U. S. Cavalry had been buying and testing various handguns in the late 1890s, the.45 Colt Single Action Army had largely been replaced, even by some double-action versions of the same caliber. The Army had fielded some double-action revolvers in.38 Long Colt and they determined the.38 caliber round was significantly less effective than the.45 Colt against determined opponents such as the Moro juramentado warriors encountered in the Moro Rebellion. This experience, and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904 led the Army and they noted, however, training was critical to make sure a soldier could score a hit in a vulnerable part of the body. The result from Colt was the Model 1905 and the new.45 ACP cartridge. The resulting. 45-caliber cartridge, named the.45 ACP, was similar in performance to the.45 Schofield cartridge, by 1906, bids from six makers were submitted, among them Brownings design, submitted by Colt. Only DWM, Savage, and Colt made the first cut, DWM, which submitted two Parabellum P08s chambered in.45 ACP, withdrew from testing after the first round of tests, for unspecified reasons. In the second round of evaluations in 1910, the Colt design passed the testing with no failures. The Colt pistol was adopted as the Model 1911, the cartridge/pistol combination was quite successful but not satisfactory for U. S. military purposes. The very first production, at Frankford Arsenal, was marked F A811, the cartridge was designed by John Browning for Colt, but the most influential person in selecting the cartridge was Army Ordnance member Gen. John T. Thompson. Thompson insisted on a real man stopper pistol, following the showing of the Armys.38 Long Colt pistols during the Philippine–American War. The.45 ACP has 1.62 ml cartridge case capacity.45 ACP maximum C. I. P. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406 mm,6 grooves, Ø lands =11.23 mm, Ø grooves =11.43 mm, land width =3.73 mm and the primer type is large pistol. The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case at the L3 datum reference, according to Commission Internationale Permanente pour lEpreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives rulings, the.45 ACP cartridge case can handle up to 131.000 MPa Pmax piezo pressure. In CIP-regulated countries every pistol cartridge combination has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers and this means that.45 ACP chambered arms in C. I. P. Regulated countries are proof tested at 170.30 MPa PE piezo pressure. The SAAMI pressure limit for the.45 ACP is set at 21,000 psi piezo pressure, while the SAAMI pressure limit for the.45 ACP +P is set at 23,000 psi, piezo pressure
21.
.40 S&W
–
The.40 S&W is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by major American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. It uses 0. 40-inch diameter bullets ranging in weight from 105 to 200 grains, the semi-automatic pistol offered two advantages over the revolver, 1) increased ammunition capacity and 2) increased ease of reloading during a firefight. The FBI was satisfied with the performance of its.38 Special +P158 gr L. S. W. C. H. P, cartridge based on decades of dependable performance. Ammunition for the new semi-automatic pistol had to deliver terminal performance equal or superior to the.38 Special FBI Load, during tests of the 9×19mm and. During this collaboration with the FBI, S&W realized that downsizing the 10mm full power to meet the FBI medium velocity specification meant less powder, S&W then teamed with Winchester to produce a new cartridge, the.40 S&W. It uses a small pistol primer whereas the 10mm cartridge uses a large pistol primer, the.40 S&W cartridge debuted January 17,1990, along with the new Smith & Wesson Model 4006 pistol, although it was several months before the pistols were available for purchase. Beat Smith & Wesson to the shelves in 1990, with pistols chambered in.40 S&W which were announced a week before the 4006. Glocks rapid introduction was aided by its engineering of a pistol chambered in 10mm Auto, since the.40 S&W uses the same bore diameter and case head as the 10mm Auto, it was merely a matter of adapting the 10mm design to the shorter 9×19mm Parabellum frames. The new guns and ammunition were an immediate success, the.40 S&W case length and overall cartridge length are shortened, but other dimensions except case web and wall thickness remain identical to the 10mm Auto. Both cartridges headspace on the mouth of the case, thus in a semi-auto they are not interchangeable. Fired from a 10mm semi-auto, the.40 Smith & Wesson cartridge will headspace on the extractor, if the cartridge is not held by the extractor, the chances for a ruptured primer are great. Smith & Wesson does make a double-action revolver that can fire either at will using moon clips, a single-action revolver in the. 38–40 chambering can also be modified to fire the.40 or the 10mm if it has an extra cylinder. Some.40 caliber handguns can be converted to 9mm with a purpose made barrel, magazine change. The.40 S&W has 1.25 ml cartridge case capacity. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406 millimetres,6 grooves, ∅ lands =9.91, mm, ∅ grooves =10.17 mm, land width =3.05 mm and the primer type is small pistol. Guidelines, the.40 S&W case can handle up to 225 megapascals piezo pressure, in C. I. P. -regulated countries every pistol/cartridge combo has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. The SAAMI pressure limit for the.40 S&W is set at 241.32 megapascals piezo pressure, the.40 S&W cartridge has been popular with law enforcement agencies in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Marshall & Sanow contend that with good jacketed hollow point bullets, apart from the imperfect relationship between ordnance gelatin ballistics and actual stopping power, critics pointed to the reduced power of the round compared with the 10mm Auto it was based on
22.
Saturday night special
–
Saturday Night Special is an American comedy-variety show that aired weekly on Saturday nights on Fox. This show was a competitor to Saturday Night Live, with a format of comedy skits. It debuted on April 1,1996, through May 18,1996, the theme song to the show was Wars Low Rider
23.
Beretta 21 Bobcat
–
The Beretta 21A Bobcat is a semi-automatic pocket pistol designed by Beretta in Italy. Production began in late 1984, solely in the Beretta U. S. A. facility in Accokeek and it is a further development of the Beretta Model 20, whose production ended in 1985. The Beretta 21A Bobcat is available chambered for either.22 LR or.25 ACP ammunition and it has a simple blowback operation, with a single- and double-action trigger mechanism, and exposed hammer. It has a release button in the left side grip. The frame is made out of aluminum alloy, the slide and barrel are carbon steel or stainless steel. Beretta claims that the pistol is intended for off duty police and pistol carry permit holders that seek a highly concealable, thus in effect, the handgun is designed for self-defense. It is fitted with a frame-mounted, thumb-operated rear-locking safety, which blocks the slide. This can be applied with the hammer fully down, or cocked, the hammer has a half-cock safety notch. There is an inertia type firing pin design, one defining feature of this pistol is the tip-up barrel. The barrel pivots on a pin under the muzzle so that the chamber may be loaded with the slide in the closed position and it is released by a lever on the left side of the frame, above the trigger. This simplifies loading, unloading, and checking load status, as the slide can be difficult for people to retract by hand. The Bobcat was designed without an extractor, relying on pressure from the gases of the fired cartridge to simply blow spent cases from the chamber. This makes it sensitive to choice of ammunition relative to dependable operation. The weapon design creates a unique ejection path, instead of ejecting spent brass to the side as do most semi-automatic hand guns, the Bobcat ejects the spent brass backwards and up. The Bobcat 21A is available in either.22 LR with 7-round magazine capacity or.25 ACP with 8-round magazine capacity, the.22 LR version is currently available in either matte black or stainless steel versions. The.25 ACP model is available in black only, in the.22 LR Inox version only the barrel and slide are stainless steel, and the alloy frame has a matte light gray Bruniton coating. The remainder of the gun is unchanged, Beretta Mini Pistols List of firearms Taurus PT-22 Beretta 21 Factory Owners Manual – PDF file Beretta USA website, Bobcat page Ballistics By The Inch tests of. 22LR ammunition using Bobcat
24.
Beretta 3032 Tomcat
–
The Beretta 3032 Tomcat and Beretta 3032 Tomcat Inox are semi-automatic pocket pistols designed and manufactured by Beretta. They are chambered in.32 ACP and are small pistols, designed for concealed-carry, the Beretta 3032 Tomcat builds on a long line of small and compact pocket pistols for self defense manufactured by Beretta. The Beretta 3032 Tomcat is a simple blowback pistol with a single- and it also features a tip-up barrel. It is fitted with a thumb safety. This safety acts as a stop when engaged. The frame is made out of aluminium alloy, the slide, the document included with new Tomcat 3032 pistols warns that the owner should never use +P ammunition that exceeds 130 ft·lbf muzzle energy. It is available in an Inox variant, with stainless steel barrel and slide, for a short time a titanium model was also available. There was also a Tomcat Tritium version with tritium night sights called the Alley Cat, early versions of the gun were subject to frame cracking in the slide just above the trigger area. Beretta implemented a modification to thicken the metal in the area of the gun, designating these as Wide-Slide models. Beretta Mini Pistols List of firearms Taurus PT-22 BerettaUSA Pocket Guns Ballistics By The Inch.32 ACP data Manual
25.
Bersa Thunder 380
–
The Thunder 380 is a lightweight, relatively small semi-automatic pistol series chambered in the popular.380 ACP caliber made by Argentine firearms manufacturer Bersa, S. A. It is similar in design to the compact Beretta 70 pistol, the Thunder 380 is suited for concealed carry due to its small size and rounded trigger guard. One reviewer calls it very easy to maintain, the Thunder 380 is quite popular in many South American countries, where the.380 ACP is often the most powerful cartridge allowed to civilians. A number of military and law enforcement forces have included Bersa 380s in their inventory, the Thunder 380 has a light aluminum alloy frame that reduces weight for easier carry, yet the pistol still retains enough mass to help tame recoil. Due to the frame, the pistol is very well suited for female firers. The magazines, however are designed with a section of grip. The blowback, fixed-barrel design theoretically aids accuracy, and it appears that the vast majority of Thunder 380 users report favorably on that issue, the nearly straight-in alignment of the chamber and the topmost cartridge in the magazine seems to be responsible for the pistols reliable chambering and cycling. The frame features a long rearward tang over the grips, which protects the shooters thumb web from hammer-bite or slide-bite. Some versions also feature an automatic firing pin block, the pistol has a rear sight windage adjustment. Manual Review of the Bersa Thunder 380 at Gunblast. com Review of the Bersa Thunder 380 Bersa/Firestorm Parts Ballistics By The Inch performance test including the Bersa/Firestorm.380
26.
Bryco Arms/Jennings Firearms/Jimenez Arms
–
Jimenez Arms is an American firearms manufacturer based in Henderson, Nevada. The company was started in August 2004 using the molds and machinery from bankrupt Bryco Arms, under its Bryco name, the company was described by the U. S. BATF as one of the Ring of Fire companies. All guns manufactured by Jimenez are constructed of injection-molded Zamak, a zinc alloy, Jennings Firearms was founded in 1978 by Bruce Jennings, the son of Raven Arms founder George Jennings. After declaring bankruptcy, the company was renamed Bryco Arms, Bryco Arms was the successor company to Jennings Firearms, an American firearm manufacturing company, based at various times in Carson City, Nevada, Irvine, California, and Costa Mesa, California. The companys most famous product, along with the Jennings J-22, was the Bryco Arms Model 38 semi-automatic pistol, as with Jennings, the company was owned by Bruce Jennings. Bryco Arms declared bankruptcy in 2003 as a result of losing a lawsuit filed in Oakland, California, the gun discharged while the 20-year-old was attempting to clear the chamber, the gun inadvertently pointed at Maxfield. The discharge paralyzed Brandon Maxfield from the neck down, brycos former factory foreman, Paul Jimenez, bought the bankrupt Bryco Arms for $510,000 in August 2004, and renamed the company Jimenez Arms. Operations resumed in Costa Mesa, California, Jimenez Arms later ceased California operations and on August 30,2006, a license was granted for Jimenez Arms to commence operation in Henderson, Nevada, and production has resumed there. Company Website PBS History of the companies Brandons Arms, About Bryco and Bruce Jennings
27.
Ortgies 7.65 mm Semi-Automatic Pistol
–
The Ortgies 7.65 mm pistol was a hammerless semi-automatic pistol produced in Germany in the years immediately after World War I, first by its inventor Heinrich Ortgies and then by Deutsche Werke. Inexpensive, but of good quality, the pistol achieved considerable success at contemporary shooting competitions and, the pistol was produced in 6.35 mm,7.65 mm, and 9 mm Kurz variants. Although not expensive, at the time it was of advanced design and high quality construction with few parts. The hammerless action depended on a spring-loaded striker to fire the cartridge, as in early Colt and Browning pocket pistols, the Ortgies striker also operated as an ejector as the slide traveled backwards after discharge. Unusual design features included the safety and the magazine, thus, engaging the safety simultaneously reduced tension on the firing pin spring. To disengage the safety, a shooter simply would squeeze the grip, pressing the lever forward, at least the earlier Ortgies magazines could accommodate both 7.65 and 9 mm Kurz, ammunition and were interchangeable between pistols of either calibre. Modern replacement magazines are purpose-built for one caliber only, Heinrich Ortgies designed the pistol while living in Liège, Belgium during World War I. After the war, he moved to Erfurt, Germany, where in 1919 he commenced production of the pistol in his own factory, the weapons bore the mark Ortgies & Co. – Erfurt on their slides and a circular brass insert in their grips marked with a stylized HO, Ortgies died later that year, and eventually production of his pistol passed to Deutsche Werke, a shipbuilding company headquartered in Berlin. In keeping with prevalent economics in Germany at the time, factory finishes were limited to bluing or, rarely, the latter finish could be either matte or bright. No Ortgies pistol was produced with a finish or, aside from one known salesmans sample. The Ortgies was a well-balanced, sturdy weapon that found favor in competitive shooting. At the other end of the spectrum, outlaw John Dillinger carried an Ortgies. The Ortgies 7.65 is the pistol that Seymour Glass uses to shoot himself at the end of the short story A Perfect Day for Bananafish by J. D. Salinger
28.
Raven Arms MP-25
–
Raven Arms was a firearms manufacturer established in 1970 by firearms designer George Jennings. The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibiting the importation of inexpensive handguns prompted Jennings to design the MP-25, a. 25-caliber semi-automatic pistol, and enter the firearms business. Raven has been referred to as the original Ring of Fire company, Raven kept manufacturing costs to a minimum by building their guns from injection-molded Zamak, a zinc alloy. At the time, Jennings operated a shop that made parts for Southern California aerospace companies. Jennings established Raven Arms to produce the MP-25 for his friend, and over the next 20 years, in parallel with this growth, gun-control advocates started pushing legislation in Washington, in state capitals, and in city councils to ban inexpensive weapons. In November 1991, a fire destroyed the Raven Arms factory, Jennings retired and sold his designs to Phoenix Arms. Phoenix was owned in equal shares by Georges ex wife, his children, four of his grandchildren, Phoenix continued to produce the MP-25, and under the management of Georges son Bruce, developed additional.22 and. 25-caliber pistols, called the HP22 or HP25. There are conflicting views on the MP-25, critics refer to it by the pejorative term Saturday night special, as it is both easily concealed and affordable enough that the poor can afford to purchase it. However, according to Roy Innis, president of the activist group Congress of Racial Equality and its racism in its worst form. Some advocates of the say that it is reliable, despite its low cost. A1998 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives publication warned that the pistol may discharge unintentionally when the safety is released. The MP-25 can hold six.25 ACP rounds in the magazine, plus one in the chamber, the grips can be either wood or imitation mother-of-pearl handles. There is a model called the Raven Arms P-25. Both have similar blowback and envelope designs and are essentially identical firearms, early models have a sliding bar safety that will not allow the pistol to chamber a round or cock the striker if the safety is not in the fire position when the slide is pulled back. Later models have a push up safety that will not allow the action to be cycled at all when engaged
29.
Walther PP
–
The Walther PP series pistols are blowback-operated semi-automatic pistols, developed by the German arms manufacturer Walther. It features an exposed hammer, a traditional double-action trigger mechanism, a magazine. The series includes the Walther PP, PPK, PPK/S, various PP series are manufactured in either Germany, France, or the United States. Since 2002, the PPK variant is manufactured by Smith & Wesson in Houlton, Maine, United States. The PP and the PPK were among the worlds first successful double action semi-automatic pistols and were widely copied, but are still made by Walther. The design inspired other pistols, among them the Soviet Makarov, the Hungarian FEG PA-63, the Polish P-64, the American Accu-Tek AT-380 II, the PP and PPK were both popular with European police and civilians, for being reliable and concealable. During World War II, they were issued to the German military, including the Luftwaffe, the original PP was released in 1929. It was designed for use and was used by police forces in Europe in the 1930s. The semi-automatic pistol operated using a blowback action. The PP was designed with safety features, some of them innovative, including an automatic hammer block, a combination safety/decocker. The most common variant is the Walther PPK, a version of the PP with a shorter grip, barrel and frame. A new, two-piece wrap-around grip panel construction was used to conceal the exposed back strap, the smaller size made it more concealable than the original PP and hence better suited to plainclothes or undercover work. PPK is an abbreviation for Polizeipistole Kriminalmodell, kriminal referring to the detective division. Adolf Hitler shot and killed himself with his PPK in the Führerbunker in Berlin, south Korean dictator Park Chung-hee was shot and killed by Kim Jae-gyu, using the Walther PPK. Fleming had given Bond a.25 Beretta 418 pistol in early novels, no on the advice of firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd. Singer Elvis Presley owned a silver-finish PPK, inscribed TCB, the PPK/S was developed following the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968 in the United States, the pistols largest market. One of the provisions of GCA68 banned the importation of pistols and revolvers not meeting requirements of length, weight. The PPK failed the Import Points test of the GCA68 by a single point, Walther addressed this situation by combining the PPs frame with the PPKs barrel and slide to create a pistol that weighed slightly more than the PPK
30.
Ruger LCP
–
The Ruger LCP is a subcompact.380 ACP pocket pistol announced by Sturm, Ruger at the 2008 SHOT Show. The pistol lacks certain features required for sale in California or Massachusetts, weighing just 9.4 oz this is Rugers first entry into the field of tiny, ultra-light defensive pistols. The pistol has a glass-filled nylon frame, a grip. It is similar in appearance to the Kel-Tec P-3AT which weighs 8.3 oz. and uses a tension spring for the lightweight hammer, identical locked breech mechanism. The main differences are the Glock style extractor and the incorporation of a slide stop. It is possible to tell if there is a round chambered by looking at the view hole next to the extractor, in 2013, a seven-round extended magazine was released for the LCP. Perry is licensed to carry a weapon, and Texas law allows the use of deadly force against any predator that places the gun owner or his or her property in imminent danger. Neither Perry nor his dog was injured, and the claims to have left the dead coyote where it fell. Sturm Ruger has since released a Coyote Special edition of the gun to commemorate Perrys encounter, in 2013, Ruger modified the original LCP to include more prominent sights and a shortened trigger pull. The second generation LCP pistols can be identified by serial number, Ruger LCR Ruger LC9 Ruger LC380 LCP at Ruger official website Video review of LCP
31.
Ruger LC9
–
The Ruger LC9 is a 9mm caliber, recoil-operated, locked breech, double action only, semi-automatic pistol announced by Sturm, Ruger & Co. at the 2011 SHOT Show. This pistol has safety features, including a loaded chamber indicator and magazine disconnect safety, the LC9 has a 3. 12-inch barrel, and is 6 inches long and 4.5 inches tall. The LC9 is 0.9 inches wide, and weighs 17.1 ounces with an empty magazine and it features a black polymer frame and blued alloy steel slide and barrel. The gun ships with one magazine, including two interchangeable base pads—one that fits flush with the frame, and the other provides a grip extension of about 0.5 inches. The Ruger LC9 was chosen as the Shooting Industry Academy of Excellences Handgun of the Year in 2011, in 2013, Ruger released a 9-round extended magazine for the LC9. The LC380 is a.380 ACP caliber pistol that has the advanced design elements of the LC9 compared to the more basic design of the Ruger LCP. Its frame is exactly the same as the original Ruger LC9, the LC9s is a striker-fired version of the LC9
32.
Kel-Tec PF-9
–
The Kel-Tec PF-9 is a 9 mm caliber, recoil operated, locked breech, double action only, semi-automatic pistol based on Kel-Tec’s earlier P-11 and P-3AT models. Kel-Tec claims the PF-9 is the flattest and lightest 9 mm pistol ever mass-produced and it was designed as a concealment and backup weapon for law enforcement and for civilian concealed carry. Kel-Tec first announced the PF-9 in February 2006, and the new pistol was released into the market in the fall of 2006, the PF-9 is manufactured in Cocoa, Florida, by Kel-Tec CNC Industries. Featuring extensive use of numerical control manufacturing techniques, its six main components consist of the barrel, slide, frame, grip, trigger group. The barrel is manufactured of SAE/AISI4140 steel hardened to 48 RHC, the frame, which houses the trigger group, consists of a solid machined 7075-T56 aluminum billet. A transfer bar system connects the hammer and trigger, a hammer block safety is incorporated which helps prevent accidental discharge if the pistol is dropped. The long double-action-only trigger pull provides a safety feature. The pistol includes a slide hold-open feature which locks the slide in its rearmost position after the last round is fired, the grip is made of DuPont ST-8018 polymer and holds the steel, 7-round, single-column magazine. The sights consist of a front blade and a windage-adjustable notched rear sight. Three white dots highlight the sights for optimum visibility in low-light conditions, the PF-9 uses many parts originally designed for Kel-Tec’s P-11 and P-3AT models, and is a compromise between those pistols. From the P-11, the PF-9 uses a slightly modified barrel, trigger, ejector, the P-3AT parts used in the PF-9 include the extractor and various springs. The grip is available in a variety of colors, while the slide is available in blued, Parkerized, ceramic, the PF-9 is shipped with an extended magazine floorplate, an Allen wrench for adjusting the rear sight, and an owners manual. The Kel-Tec PF-9 was the gun that George Zimmerman used to shoot Trayvon Martin in February 2012, PF-9 page on Kel-Tec CNC Industries web site Kel-Tec CNC Industries web site Kel-Tec Owners Group Manual
33.
Kel-Tec P-11
–
The Kel-Tec P-11 is a compact, semi-automatic, short-recoil operated pistol chambered in 9 mm Luger. It has been manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries of Cocoa, FL since 1995, the P-11 was designed by Swedish-born George Kellgren, the designer of many earlier Husqvarna, Intratec, and Grendel brand firearms. The P-11 uses an aluminum receiver inside a polymer grip housing held on with polymer pins, the slide, barrel, and magazine are steel. The standard magazine holds 10 rounds, or 12 rounds in states not limited to 10-round magazines, both fit flush to the bottom of the pistol. At 17.1 oz unloaded, the handgun itself is comparatively light, the P-11 lacks an external manual safety, relying instead on a long and heavy double action only trigger pull, which requires 9 pounds of pressure, to prevent accidental discharge. A firing pin spring and low-mass hammer prevent discharge if the gun is dropped, the P-11 will also accept some Smith & Wesson 59 series magazines. An available adapter wraps around the base of 15-round Smith & Wesson model 59-style magazines, Smith & Wesson series 69 compact 12-round magazines will also work, with a matching short adapter sleeve, as well. For a short period, the P-11 was offered in.40 S&W and these weapons were designated P-40 and P-357. These models mated a P-11s frame to a slide width. Kel-Tec has suspended production of these pistols and conversion kits, in 2006, Kel-Tec introduced a single-stack pistol based on the P-11 with engineering improvements borrowed from the P-3AT. The resulting PF-9 pistol weighs about the same loaded as the P-11 empty and is somewhat slimmer, the P-11 is designed for concealed carry by members of the general public and law enforcement officers. It is only slightly wider than the magazine it uses. It is particularly attractive to users who want a concealable firearm, the barrel is near the minimum length possible with a Browning tilting-barrel system of operation. The gun easily fits into a pocket, small holster, or inside a handbag, all edges are rounded and smoothed allowing comfort while carrying concealed. Few protrusions on the pistol can catch on a pocket holster, the P-11 was mentioned in the American Dad. Episode Iced, Iced Babies as indicated by Debbie, Steves girlfriend, sccy CPX-1 Taurus PT111 Review, http, //www. humanevents. com/2011/08/23/review-of-the-keltec-p11-a-pocketful-of-9mm/ Kel-Tec CNC Industries P-11 Handgun Kel-Tec Owners Group
34.
Kel-Tec P-3AT
–
The P-3AT is a locked breech, double action only.380 ACP pistol introduced by Kel-Tec in 2003 and based on the P-32. The frame is made of polymer with an insert. It is the lightest production.380 ACP pistol in the world, weighing only 8.3 oz empty, the P-3AT cartridge capacity is 6+1, and trigger pull is 5 lbf. These attributes have made it popular for citizens with concealed carry permits, the P-3AT lacks any sort of slide stop—it was omitted in order to keep the size similar to the P-32. The similar size and weight of the P-3AT results in increased felt recoil over the P-32 due to the more powerful.380 ACP cartridge, the Kel-Tec P-3AT is available with blued, parkerized, or matte chrome slide. The polymer frame is available in black, grey, navy blue, or olive drab green solid colors, as well as Urban Blue/Grey, current production is the second generation model, with improvements over the first generation. The most easily distinguished difference between generations is the extractor, in a Guns & Ammo review, Wiley Clapp said, Ingenuity is often nothing more than a combination of existing principles applied in unique ways. Kel-Tecs new P-3AT has no feature that is not established in modern pistol design. Since Rugers introduction of its LCP pocket pistol, some reviewers have characterized the Ruger offering as comparable to the P-3AT, other reviewers such as Gun-tests. com have said things like Ruger had simply copied the Kel-Tec 380s design. Kahr Arms has introduced a pistol, the Kahr P380. At the 2010 SHOT Show, Smith & Wesson introduced their S&W.380 Bodyguard, SIG Sauer offers the P238 with an all-metal frame in competition to those mostly plastic-framed pistols. Official site Instruction manual Kel-Tec owners group Review of the Kel-Tec P-3AT from American Rifleman Mousegunners Review of his Kel-Tec P-3AT Keltec P3AT.380 Mousegun - review by The Deserts Edge
35.
North American Arms
–
North American Arms is a United States company, headquartered in Provo, Utah, that manufactures pocket pistols and mini-revolvers, also called mouse guns. The company was originally named Rocky Mountain Arms when it was founded in 1972, in 1974 it was bought by new owners who renamed the company North American Arms. The mini-revolvers produced by the company are five-shot, single action revolvers and they are reminiscent of late 19th century pocket revolvers, the main differences being their size and also that NAAs mini-revolvers are made completely of stainless steel. The design of the mini-revolvers was developed by Freedom Arms, which stopped selling these mini-revolvers in 1990, since then, North American Arms has further evolved the design, switching to a safety cylinder design, featuring notches machined halfway between the chambers. As a result, the revolver may be carried with all five chambers loaded by resting the hammer in a safety notch. In 1997 NAA branched out into semiautomatic concealed carry pistols known as the Guardian models to compete with Seecamp, likewise, the.32 NAA was developed by North American Arms to increase the penetration of a.32 caliber bullet relative to a.380 ACP cartridge. North American Arms The North American Arms Pug Review U. S, patent 4,450,992 Belt buckle-mini-revolver combination patent
36.
32 ACP
–
.32 ACP, also known as the.32 Automatic is a centerfire pistol cartridge. It is a semi-rimmed, straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning and it was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale, and is also known as the 7. 65×17mmSR Browning or 7.65 mm Browning Short. John Browning engineered a number of modern semi-automatic pistol mechanisms and cartridges, as his first pistol cartridge, the.32 ACP needed a straight wall for reliable blowback operation as well as a small rim for reliable feeding from a box magazine. The cartridge headspaces on the rim, the cartridge was a success and was adopted by dozens of countries and countless governmental agencies. The popularity of the.32 ACP in the half of the 20th century cannot be overstated—especially in Europe. Firearms expert Geoffrey Boothroyd of the UK informed author Ian Fleming, his countryman, a significant factor in recommending this round was its near universal availability throughout the world in the 1950s. To avoid patent infringement John Pedersen designed the Remington Model 51 so as to not to rely on any other, the.32 ACP has been chambered in more handguns than any other cartridge. Between 1899 and 1909, Fabrique Nationale produced 500,000 guns chambered for.32 ACP, heckler & Koch produced the HK4, their first handgun, in 1967. Twelve thousand HK4 pistols were produced in.32 ACP for the German police, the.32 ACP was intended for blowback semi-automatic pistols which lacked a breech locking mechanism. It was John Pedersen with the Remington Model 51 that delivered a true locked breech for the.32 ACP cartridge, the relatively low power and light bullet of the cartridge allowed Browning to incorporate a practical blowback mechanism in a small pocket-size pistol. It is still used primarily in compact, inexpensive pistols. The.32 ACP is compact and light, while some believe it has marginal stopping power, it has been used effectively by military and police worldwide for the past century. Weapons chambered in it are often valued for their compactness, although.32 ACP handguns were traditionally made of steel, they have been produced in light weight polymers since the 1990s. Their light weight, very low recoil and very good relative to larger caliber pistols make them suitable for concealed carry use. Some popular pistols chambered in.32 ACP are the Walther PP and the Walther PPK as well as the FEG PA-63, which is a clone of the Walther PP. It offers more velocity and energy than the.32 S&W, although of lighter bullet weight, the.32 ACP also compares favorably to the.32 S&W Long in performance. Some European 73 grain.32 ACP loads provides similar performance to the.32 H&R Magnum 77 grain lead flat point and 90 grain lead semiwadcutter, the.32 ACP is one of the most common calibers used in veterinary humane killers, such as the Greener Humane Killer. Given that a.22 LR can penetrate bone, the higher power.32 ACP can easily penetrate a skull with a muzzle-contact shot
37.
Kahr P series
–
The Kahr P series is a product line of double action only hammerless, striker-fired, short recoil operated, semi-automatic pistols manufactured by Kahr Arms. The target market for the P line is the concealed carry firearms market. When the first Kahr pistols appeared on the market in 1994 they were constructed entirely of carbon steel. Early Kahr models such as the K9 were praised as well-made and solidly constructed, but criticized for their excessive weight, Kahr attempted to address these concerns by introducing a line of polymer framed models. Available ammunition chamberings include.380 ACP, 9×19mm.40 S&W, P series pistols are noted for being very no-nonsense and utilitarian in appearance, with black plastic grips and a brushed stainless or blackened Tungsten TLC stainless slides. TLC coatings also serve to protect the slide from oxidization, nicks, P pistols are known for having very smooth and consistent DAO trigger pulls of approximately six pounds, and large and easy to see sights in various configurations, including night sights. Simplified controls exemplified by the lack of a safety lever are also positive attributes. The P series is noted for having a fully enclosed trigger transfer bar. The engineering design work necessary to fit it inside the space of the receiver resulted in several beneficial lockwork changes. The PM barrel configuration boasts polygonal rifling, which in theory will last longer and gather less fouling. The Kahr P380, chambered in.380 Auto, comes in three styles, all matte black, black frame with a stainless slide, and a custom engraved Black Rose edition. All three styles come standard with drift adjustable, white bar-dot combat sights but can also be purchased with drift adjustable tritium night sights, the P380 can also be purchased with a loaded chamber indicator. The Kahr P9 chambered in 9×19mm is the model in the P series. Like other models it comes in two styles, all matte black or black frame with a stainless slide. Both styles come standard with drift adjustable, white bar-dot combat sights, the P9 can also be purchased with an external safety and a loaded chamber indicator. These added features make it approved for sale in Massachusetts, the Kahr P40 chambered in.40 S&W comes in two main styles, all matte black or black frame with a stainless slide. Both styles come standard with drift adjustable, white bar-dot combat sights, the P40 can also be purchased with an external safety and a loaded chamber indicator. The Kahr P45 chambered in.45 ACP comes in two different styles, all black or black frame with a stainless slide
38.
Kahr K9
–
The Kahr K series is a series of semi-automatic pistols manufactured by Kahr Arms. The original weapon in the series, the K9, was introduced in 1995 and it was intended to address the police backup / off duty and civilian concealed carry markets. With a reputation for quality of construction and reliability since its introduction the pistol has remained popular with both the police and civilian markets. Options offered with the K9 include Tritium night sights, and wood Hogue grips, the Elite version of the pistol offers a polished feed ramp, polished and deburred slide, beveled magazine well, and enlarged trigger with a smoother action. The standard model features a steel construction, locked breech, passive striker block. It can also be purchased with a black finish. Both models feature drift adjustable, white bar-dot combat sights but can be upgraded to tritium night sights, a K9 Elite model was also introduced by Kahr which features a polished stainless steel finish and laser etching on the frame. The Kahr K40 model, like the K9, comes standard with a steel construction, locked breech, passive striker block. It can also be purchased with a black finish. Both models feature drift adjustable, white bar-dot combat sights but can be upgraded to tritium night sights, a K40 Elite model was also introduced by Kahr which features a polished stainless steel finish and laser etching on the frame. A Kahr K9 was used by Jodie Fosters character In the 2007 film The Brave One, the Kahr K9 was also used by Frank Hughes character in The Sopranos. K9 page on Kahr Arms web site Kahr Arms web site Guns and Ammo K9 review Handguns 2007 Buyers Guide review
39.
Kimber Solo
–
Kimber Manufacturing is an American company that designs, manufactures, and distributes small arms such as M1911 pistols, Solo pistols and rifles. The USA Shooting Team, Marines assigned to Special Operations Command, Kimber was founded as Kimber of Oregon in 1979 by Greg and Jack Warne in the small town of Clackamas, Oregon. In the late 1980s, the company began to struggle after a stock offering fell short of covering the costs of developing the M89 Big Game Rifle. In 1989, Kimber of Oregon was sold to Oregon timber baron Bruce Engel, Engel had difficulty running Kimber and soon the company sought bankruptcy protection. However, Kimber of Oregons assets were liquidated, in 1990, several Kimber employees, including Dan Cooper, left to found Cooper Firearms of Montana. In the mid-1990s, Greg Warne tried to revive Kimber, Greg soon found a financial backer in Les Edelman, who owned Nationwide Sports Distributors. The two purchased the tooling and partnered to found Kimber of America. The company grew quickly, but Edelman forced Warne out after acquiring a majority interest in the company, Edelman decided to connect Jerico Precisions existing infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities and Kimbers reputation and extensive network of dealers to build a line of M1911-style handguns. He eventually moved Kimbers production line to Jericos facilities in New York, on 9 December 2004, a federal grand jury indicted former CFO Denis Shusterman for embezzling $10 million from Kimber Manufacturing and Nationwide Sports Distributors. He was later convicted after pleading guilty, ordered to pay damages and back taxes, Kimber is planning to expand manufacturing capacity from its 31, 500-square-foot manufacturing facility in Ridgefield, NJ. Kimber is known for its highly accurate M1911-style pistols, as well as for offering a variety of customization options, early on, the company introduced the use of metal injection molding for some parts, such as the thumb safety, which makes them more cost-effective to produce. The adoption of CAD and CAM technology were a priority due to the tight dimensions, Kimber rifles have a reputation for accuracy and quality. Kimber PepperBlasters are highly concentrated irritant high velocity incapacitating non-lethal chemical weapons, since these non-lethal weapons are effective at ranges where most handgun and knife encounters occur, they could be used to defend against such attacks. They are also useful for hikers in the wild to discourage aggressive animals and these products are also a suitable self-defense weapon for college students and commuters, especially on campuses that prohibit the concealed carry of firearms. Recently, Kimber introduced the PepperBlaster II, a modification of the original designed with an ergonomic grip, a modified version of the Team Match II.45 ACP caliber pistol is used by the US Shooting Rapid Fire Pistol Team. In 2002, the LAPD chose a modified and specially marked version of the Custom TLE II as the standard issue for its SWAT unit. Several other law enforcement agencies have approved Kimber firearms for on-duty carry by their patrol, in 2007 a new pistol designed by the LAPD Special Investigation Section was added to the Kimbers line of M1911-pattern pistols. A modified Kimber 1911 was also chosen as the sidearm for Marine Corps forces assigned to Special Operations Command, Kimber Manufacturing donated $200,000 to the Red White and Blue Fund, a super PAC that supported Rick Santorum in 2012
40.
Glock
–
It entered Austrian military and police service by 1982 after it was the top performer on an exhaustive series of reliability and safety tests. Glocks are also popular firearms among civilians for recreational and competition shooting, home and self-defense, the companys founder, engineer Gaston Glock, had no experience with firearms design or manufacture at the time their first pistol, the Glock 17, was being prototyped. Glock introduced ferritic nitrocarburizing into the industry as an anticorrosion surface treatment for metal gun parts. In 1980, the Austrian military announced that it would seek tenders for a new, the Austrian Ministry of Defence formulated a list of 17 criteria for the new generation service pistol, The design was to be self loading. The pistol was to fire the NATO-standard 9×19 mm Parabellum round, the magazines were not to require any means of assistance for loading. The magazines were to have a capacity of eight rounds. It was to be possible to all actions one handed which are necessary to prepare the pistol for firing. The pistol was to be secure against accidental discharge from shock, strike. Disassembly of the parts for maintenance and reassembling was to be possible without the use of any tools. Maintenance and cleaning of the pistol was to be accomplished without the use of tools, the pistols construction was not to exceed 58 individual parts. Gauges, measurement tools, and precise testing devices were not to be necessary for the maintenance of the pistol. The manufacturer was to be required to provide the ministry of defence with a set of engineering drawings. These were to be supplied all the relevant details for the production of the pistol. All components were to be interchangeable between pistols. No more than 20 malfunctions were to be permitted during the first 10,000 rounds fired, after firing 15, 000-rounds of standard ammunition, the pistol was to be inspected for wear. The pistol was to then be used to fire an overpressure test cartridge generating 5,000 bar, the critical components were to continue to function properly and be up to specifications, otherwise the pistol was to be disqualified. When handled properly, under no circumstances was the user to be endangered by case ejection, the muzzle energy was to be at least 441.5 J when firing a 9×19 mm S-round/P-08 by Hirtenberger AG. Pistols scoring less than 70% of the available points were not to be considered for military use
41.
10mm Auto
–
The 10mm Auto is a semi-automatic pistol cartridge first developed by Jeff Cooper and introduced in 1983 with the Bren Ten pistol. Its design was improved, then produced initially by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors. The 10mm Auto cartridge was originally drafted and championed by eminent firearms expert Lieutenant Colonel John Dean Jeff Cooper and it was designed to be a medium-velocity pistol cartridge with better external ballistics than the.45 ACP and capable of greater stopping power than the 9×19mm Parabellum. When FFV Norma AB designed the cartridge at the behest of Dornaus & Dixon Enterprises, Inc. for their Bren Ten pistol, the company decided to increase the power over Coopers original concept. The case was derived from the.30 Remington rifle round, cut down, an example being the peculiar circumstances surrounding the pistols distribution at its primary release, leading to a number of initial Bren Tens sent to dealers and customers without magazines. In the succeeding five years, prices on the Standard Model rose to in excess of U. S. $1,400, since 1994, both units still field the weapon and caliber to this day. Thereafter, experimentations were carried out and a specification for reduced-recoil ammunition was created, the requirement was later submitted to the Federal Cartridge Corporation for production and followed further review. This became known as the 10mm Lite, or 10mm FBI load and this altered cartridge was named the.40 Smith & Wesson. In 2015 SIG Sauer entered the 10mm marketplace with their P220 model chambered in 10mm, the 10mm outperforms the.40 S&W by 270–300 ft/s for similar bullet weights when using available full power loads, as opposed to the 10mm FBI level loads still found in some ammunition catalogs. The 10mm Auto has 1.56 milliliter cartridge case capacity. Common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406.40 mm,6 grooves, Ø lands =9.91 mm, Ø grooves =10.17 mm, a large pistol primer is used. The Commission Internationale Permanente pour lEpreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives rulings indicate a maximum pressure of 230 MPa, regulated countries, every pistol/cartridge combination is required to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute maximum pressure limit for the 10mm Auto is set at 37,500 psi, at full potential, the 10mm Auto produces energy slightly higher than an average.357 Magnum load and below standard.41 Magnum rounds. The cartridge is considered to be high-velocity, giving it a flight path upon firing relative to other handgun cartridges. In its lighter loadings, the 10mm Auto is a duplicate of the.40 S&W cartridge. More powerful loadings can equal or exceed the performance of the.357 Magnum, and retain more kinetic energy at 100 yards than the.45 ACP has at the muzzle. The 10mm Auto is marketed for hunting, defensive, and tactical use and is one of the few semi-automatic, the round makes the Major power factor ranking in the International Practical Shooting Confederation, even in lighter loadings. In military use, the government of Denmark has issued the Glock 20 to the Slædepatruljen Sirius headquartered in Daneborg, the pistols were issued as a defense against polar bears which the unit encounters during patrols
42.
.45 GAP
–
G. A. P. is an initialism for Glock Automatic Pistol, and the.45 G. A. P. is the first commercially introduced cartridge identified with Glock. The.45 GAP has the diameter as the.45 ACP pistol cartridge but is slightly shorter. Originally, the bullet weight of the.45 GAP was 200 grains. Since the.45 GAP has a smaller cartridge volume than the.45 ACP. Later development concluded that the.45 GAP could also fire 230-grain projectiles as does the.45 ACP, the full-size Glock 37 pistol was introduced by Glock to use the.45 G. A. P. Cartridge and was followed by the compact Glock 38 and the subcompact Glock 39, glocks.45 GAP sized pistols use the same frame as their 9×19mm/.40 S&W/.357 SIG line of pistols. The slide is slightly wider to accommodate the larger diameter.45 cal round and is flush with the frame. Magazines for the.45 G. A. P. are of the dimensions as those that the 9×19mm/.40 S&W/.357 SIG line of pistols use. Four state law enforcement agencies have adopted the.45 G. A. P. as a replacement to their current issue 9×19mm Parabellum or.40 S&W service handguns. The New York State Police, South Carolina Highway Patrol, and Florida Highway Patrol have all adopted the Glock 37, but they no longer produce any pistols in that caliber. Only Glock and Bond Arms continues to manufacture pistols in the 45 G. A. P, the Gun Zone tracks the Glock Model 37s Introduction.45 G. A. P. Tech Brief from Speer Article from Shooting Times on.45 G. A. P
43.
.357 SIG
–
The.357 SIG pistol cartridge is the product of Swiss-German firearms manufacturer SIG Sauer, in cooperation with American ammunition manufacturer Federal Cartridge. The cartridge is used by a number of law enforcement agencies and has a reputation of accuracy. Performance is similar to the 9×23mm Winchester, then Remington introduced the unsuccessful.22 Remington Jet, which necked a.357 Magnum case down to a.22 caliber bullet, and the.221 Remington Fireball, a shortened version of their.222 Remington. The.357 SIG has 1.27 ml cartridge case capacity.357 SIG maximum C. I. P, americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2=18 degrees. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 406 mm,6 grooves, Ø lands=8.71 mm, Ø grooves=9.02 mm, land width=2.69 mm, several sources have published contradicting information regarding.357 SIG headspacing. This is due to the cartridge having been designed as a.357 round. 2008 revised documents, the.357 SIG headspaces on the case mouth, some US sources are conflict with this standard. However, the cartridge and chamber drawing in the ANSI/SAAMI American National Standards also clearly shows the cartridge headspacing on the cartridge mouth, likewise, US reloading supplier Lyman has published that the.357 SIG headspaces on the case mouth. Rulings the.357 SIG case can handle up to 305 MPa piezo pressure, regulated countries every pistol cartridge combo has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C. I. P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. The SAAMI pressure limit for the.357 SIG is set at 275.80 MPa, most.40 S&W pistols can be converted to.357 SIG by replacing the barrel, but sometimes the recoil spring must be changed as well. Pistols with especially strong recoil springs can accept either cartridge with a barrel change, magazines will freely interchange between the two cartridges in most pistols.357 SIG barrel kits have allowed this cartridge to gain in popularity among handgun owners. However, the.357 SIG is loaded to higher pressures than the.40 S&W, the table below shows common performance parameters for several.357 SIG loads. Bullet weights ranging from 115 to 150 grains have been offered, key, Expansion – expanded bullet diameter. Penetration – penetration depth. PC – permanent cavity volume. TSC – temporary stretch cavity volume. Because of its high velocity for a handgun round, the.357 SIG has an unusually flat trajectory. However, it not quite reach the performance of the.357 Magnum with bullets heavier than 125 grains. Offsetting this general slight disadvantage in performance is that semi-automatic pistols tend to carry more ammunition than revolvers. Proponents of the hydrostatic shock theory contend that the energy available in the.357 SIG is sufficient for imparting hydrostatic shock with well-designed bullets, users have commented, Were really impressed with the stopping power of the.357 SIG round. The bottleneck shape of the.357 SIG cartridge makes feeding problems almost non-existent and this is because the bullet is channeled through the larger chamber before being seated entirely as the slide goes into full battery
44.
Rohrbaugh R9
–
The Rohrbaugh R9 was a semi-automatic pistol produced by Rohrbaugh Firearms of Long Island, New York. It was chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, and was designed to be a lightweight, the R9 was rated for standard pressure 9mm ammunition. Firing +P or +P+ ammunition in the R9 was not recommended by the manufacturer, the Rohrbaugh R9 Series Pistol was the NRA Shooting Illustrated magazines Handgun of the Year for 2005. The Rohrbaugh R9 had no safety, locking slide, or magazine disconnect. It had no sharp edges or protrusions. In addition, there were Stealth versions of both the R9 and R9s that had blued slides instead of the stainless steel slide. These were numbered,1 of 16,2 of 16,3 of 16, Rohrbaugh Firearms also made the Rohrbaugh 380, identical in size and weight to the R9 but chambered in 380 ACP. The R9 and all of its variants had a European-style magazine release at the base of the grip, the R9 weighed 13.5 ounces empty, the six-round magazine weighed 1.6 ounces empty. The R9 weighed approximately 18 ounces fully loaded with 7 rounds, Rohrbaugh Firearms Corp. was sold in January 2014 to Remington Outdoor Company, Inc
45.
Seecamp
–
L. W. Seecamp Co. is a manufacturer of handmade pocket pistols located in Milford, Connecticut from 1981 to 2014. In 2014, the announced that Whalley Precision would take over production of the pistols. L. W. Seecamp Co. was started as a pistol smithing company in 1973 specializing in double-action conversions for the 1911 Colt.45, at the time, there were no commercially available double-action 1911 pistols anywhere in the world. In 1978, Seecamp specialized in the miniaturization of pistols, the Seecamp patented spring system is currently used in almost every locked breech miniaturized semi auto pistol. In 1981 Seecamp ventured into manufacturing, beginning with the LWS-25. All Seecamp pistols are double action only, and are similar in size, barrel length is 2.06 inches, and weight is 11.5 ounces. Grips are glass-filled nylon and checkered and these pistols are not equipped with sights because they are intended for use at close range. The Seecamp, like the Czechoslovakian CZ45 pistol, utilizes a very compact, each pull of the trigger first cocks then releases the hammer. The hammer follows the slide after each shot and rests in the down position, the original Seecamp model was the LWS-25 chambered in.25 ACP and manufactured from 1981 through 1985, with a total production of about 5000 units. It used traditional blowback operation with a capacity of 7 rounds. The.25 ACP model was dropped shortly after the introduction of the.32 ACP version, Seecamps second model, the LWS-32 was designed around the only hollow point.32 ACP ammunition available at the time, Winchester Silvertips. Ammunition with a length exceeding 0.910 may not feed or chamber correctly. Operation is through chamber-ring delayed blowback where a ring at the rear of the chamber retards the rearward motion of the slide. This model uses a magazine with a capacity of 6 rounds, the LWS-32 remains Seecamps most popular firearm. During the height of demand, production guns were selling out years in advance with individual guns selling for up to US$1000, there were 20 sets made in both.25 ACP and.32 ACP with matching serial numbers in 1988. In 1999 Seecamp introduced a model, the LWS-380 chambered in.380 ACP. The LWS-380 is the size as the LWS-32. Seecamp sales remained unaffected despite the availability of a near clone alternative, further competition is provided by Kel-Tec in the form of their P32 and P3AT polymer-framed pistols which are bigger in profile but lighter and thinner
.jpg)
