Poison
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A poison is any chemical substance that is harmful or lethal to living organisms. The term is used in a wide range of scientific fields and industries, where it is often specifically defined. It may also be applied colloquially or figuratively, with a broad sense.
Cassava leaves contain cyanide and can thus cause poisoning if not prepared correctly.
Polluted groundwater, in this case depicting acid mine drainage, can cause chronic poisoning.
Poisoning of Queen Bona by Jan Matejko.
Toxin
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A toxin is a naturally occurring organic poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919) and is derived from the word "toxic".
The Amanita muscaria mushroom, an iconic toxic mushroom.