The Polish Operation of the NKVD in 1937–1938 was an anti-Polish mass-ethnic cleansing operation of the NKVD carried out in the Soviet Union against Poles during the period of the Great Purge. It was
Memorial in Kraków
First page of one of the copies of the Order No. 00485, archived by the Kharkov branch of the NKVD
Memorial to 30 Poles of Vershina, executed on 19 February 1938
In the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, which took place in September 1939, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviets had ceased
Bodies of Polish prisoners-of-war by the mass graves of the Katyn massacre, awaiting forensic examination, 30 April 1943
Exhumation of the Katyń forest massacre victims, murdered in 1940 by order of Soviet authorities
The "Road of Bones" constructed by inmates of the Soviet Gulag prison camps, including those of Polish citizenship
Soviet troops led by cavalry enter Wilno which was unable to launch its own defence