1.
Pomona, California
–
Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley, as of the 2010 United States Census, the citys population was 149,058. The area was occupied by the Tongva or Gabrielino Native Americans. The city is named for Pomona, the ancient Roman goddess of fruit, the first Anglo-Americans arrived in prior to 1848 when the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in California becoming part of the United States. By the 1880s, the arrival of railroads and Coachella Valley water had made it the anchor of the citrus-growing region. Pomona was officially incorporated on January 6,1888, in the 1920s Pomona was known as the Queen of the Citrus Belt, with one of the highest per-capita levels of income in the United States. In the 1940s it was used as a location for major motion picture studios to see how their films would play to modally middle class audiences around the country. Religious institutions are deeply embedded in the history of Pomona, there are now more than 120 churches, representing most religions in todays society. The historical architecture of these churches provide glimpses of the European church design, in 2005, Pomona citizens elected Norma Torres, the first woman of Guatemalan heritage to be elected to a mayoral post outside of Guatemala. Pomona is an area of Los Angeles County in the Pomona Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 22.964 square miles. Pomona is approximately 27 miles east of downtown Los Angeles,25 miles north of Santa Ana,31 miles west of Riverside, the Los Angeles/San Bernardino county line forms most of the citys southern and eastern boundaries. Pomona has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, damp winters, august is the warmest month with an average daytime high temperature of 92 °F. Summers are characterized by days and very little rainfall during the months of June through September. Fall brings cooler temperatures and occasional showers, as well as seasonal Santa Ana winds originating from the northeast, december is the coolest month with an average high temperature of 68 °F. Winter also brings the majority of annual precipitation, snowfall is virtually unheard of, but frost can occur once or twice a year. The 2010 United States Census reported that Pomona had a population of 149,058, the population density was 6,491.2 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Pomona was 71,564 White,10,924 African American,1,763 Native American,12,688 Asian,282 Pacific Islander,45,171 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 105,135 persons
Pomona, California
–
The
Los Angeles County Fair at Pomona in September 2008
Pomona, California
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View to the west-southwest down San Jose Creek from Pomona Park (now Ganesha Park) in 1904. Elephant Hill in the center distance.
Pomona, California
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View of the
Pomona Valley
Pomona, California
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1910 postcard image of
Pomona Valley with
Mt. Baldy in distance.
2.
Mount San Antonio
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Mount San Antonio, colloquially referred to as Mount Baldy, is the highest peak of the San Gabriel Mountains, and the highest point in Los Angeles County, California. The peak is within the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument and Angeles National Forest, Mount San Antonios sometimes snow-capped peaks are visible on clear days and dominate the view of the Los Angeles Basin skyline. The peak is pyramid shaped, with a steep south face, the summit is accessible via a number of connecting ridges along hiking trails from the north, east, south and southwest. The mountain is almost always referred to as Mount Baldy by locals, the mountain was named by a local rancher after Saint Anthony of Padua. Nonetheless, Mount San Antonio is the name according to the GNIS. The summit has two peaks, the peak, elevation 10,064 feet, and a sub-peak, West Baldy. The main peak marks the boundary between San Bernardino County and Los Angeles County, the mountain is in the Angeles National Forest. The mountains southern watershed drains into San Antonio Creek, the side into Lytle Creek. San Antonio and Lytle Creeks are part of the Santa Ana River watershed, San Antonio Creek descends through a deep canyon which has several waterfalls, the last about 75 feet high. East of the summit is Mount Harwood, which is in turn connected by a ridge, The Devils Backbone. At the Notch there is a ski resort, the closest one to Los Angeles, south of the resort, and connected to its ski lift by an asphalt road, lies Mt Baldy Village. Mount San Antonio lies in the front range of the San Gabriel Mountains, one of the Transverse Ranges of Southern California, the Transverse Ranges were formed because of a dog-leg bend in the San Andreas, which is a transform fault. The bend makes it difficult for the two plates to move smoothly past one another, and mountains were raised as a result, the prehistoric Hog Back landslide lies in the canyon of San Antonio Creek at 4000 elevation. In modern times, notable floods have occurred in 1938 and 1969, the dam succeeded in significantly reducing the damage done by the 1969 flood. Hydroelectric plants along San Antonio Creek are tied to the electric grid, the lower land area of the mountain consists of an ecological community known as yellow pine forest. Tree species include pine, Jeffrey pine, white fir. Limber pine occurs at the higher elevations and these forests are fairly sparse, and are intermixed with chaparral and oak savannah. Higher up, the pine forest community gives way to a pure lodgepole forest
Mount San Antonio
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Snowy Mt. San Antonio
Mount San Antonio
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Map of Mt. San Antonio and the region to the south and east.
Mount San Antonio
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A cluster of pollen-bearing male cones of
lodgepole pine on Mount San Antonio at around 8,500 ft
Mount San Antonio
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A chipmunk.
3.
Greater Los Angeles Area
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Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000. As of the 2010 U. S. Census, the Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of nearly 13 million residents. Meanwhile, the metropolitan regions population at the 2010 census was estimated to be over 17.8 million residents. Either definition makes it the second largest metropolitan region in the country, behind the New York metropolitan area, the agglomeration of the urbanized Greater Los Angeles area surrounds the urban core of Los Angeles County. However, this Census definition includes large, sparsely populated and primarily desert swaths of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, according to the U. S. However, more than half of this area lies in the sparsely populated eastern areas of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Los Angeles has a reputation for sprawl. For comparison, the New York–Newark Urbanized Area as a whole had a density of 5,309 per square mile. Los Angeles sprawl may originate in the decentralized structure. Its major commercial, financial, and cultural institutions are geographically dispersed rather than being concentrated in a single downtown or central area. Also, the density of Los Angeles proper is low when compared to some other large American cities such as New York, San Francisco, Boston. This is misleading though, since unlike other cities the boundary of Los Angeles incorporates mountain areas with almost no people, when the actually built up area is considered, urban Los Angeles has density in excess of 10,000 people per square mile. Densities are particularly high within a 5-mile radius of downtown, where some neighborhoods exceed 20,000 people per square mile. Also, what gives the entire Los Angeles metro region a high density is the fact many of the citys suburbs. Within its urbanized areas, Los Angeles is noted for having small lot sizes, buildings in the area are low when compared to other large cities, mainly due to zoning regulations. Los Angeles became a city just as the Pacific Electric Railway spread population to smaller cities much as interurbans did in East Coast cities. In the first decades of the century, the area was marked by a network of fairly dense. The ascendance of the automobile helped fill in the gaps between these towns with lower-density settlements. Many working class whites migrated to this area during the 1960s and 1970s out of East, as a result, there was a large growth in population into the Conejo Valley and into Ventura County through the US101 corridor
Greater Los Angeles Area
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Los Angeles
Greater Los Angeles Area
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Long Beach
Greater Los Angeles Area
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The
Los Angeles Basin, viewed south from
Mulholland Drive. From left to right can be seen the
Santa Ana Mountains /
Saddleback (horizon),
downtown L.A., the
Hollywood Bowl (foreground),
Mid-Wilshire,
Long Beach –
Palos Verdes (background),
Catalina Island (horizon), the
Southbay and Pacific Ocean.
Greater Los Angeles Area
–
Skyscrapers in
Downtown Los Angeles
4.
San Gabriel Valley
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The San Gabriel Valley is one of the principal valleys of Southern California, lying generally to the east of the city of Los Angeles. At one time predominantly agricultural, the San Gabriel Valley is today almost entirely urbanized and is an part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is one of the most ethnically diverse regions in the country, about 200 square miles in size, the valley includes thirty-one cities and five unincorporated communities. In 1886, Pasadena was the first independent incorporated city located in Los Angeles County. The San Gabriel Valley is in Los Angeles County, some of Whittier sits below the Puente Hills. Although these hills are small compared to the San Gabriel Mountains and this is similar to Montebello, which is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments, despite geographically being part of the San Gabriel Valley. The 57 Freeway is generally considered the line between the Pomona and San Gabriel valleys. However, for statistical and economic development purposes, the County of Los Angeles generally includes these six cities as part of the San Gabriel Valley, the community of El Sereno, in the city of Los Angeles, is situated at the westernmost edge of the Valley. Unofficial estimates place the population of the San Gabriel Valley at around 2 million—roughly a fifth of the population of Los Angeles County. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the land along the Rio Hondo River, the Tongva occupied much of the Los Angeles basin and the islands of Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, San Clemente and Santa Barbara. In 1542, when the Portuguese explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho arrived off the shores of San Pedro, the Tongva were the people who rowed the remarkable Tiats out to meet Cabrilho. The language of the Tongva was different from the neighboring Indian tribes, the Tongva also provide the origin of many current names, Piwongna – Pomona, Pasakeg-na – Pasadena, Cucomog-na – Cucamonga. The Gabrielinos lived in structures with thatched exteriors. Both sexes wore long hair styles and tattooed their bodies, during warm weather the men wore little clothing, but the women would wear minimal skirts made of animal hides. During the cold weather they would wear animal skin capes, European diseases killed many of the Tongva and by 1870 the area had few remaining native inhabitants. Today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area, on July 30, the expedition crossed the San Gabriel River and continued north toward what is now the city of Los Angeles. To cross the river, the built an rough bridge, which gave the name La Puente to todays San Gabriel Valley city. A few years later, a mission was established near the river crossing, Mission San Gabriel Arcangel was founded by Franciscan Father Junipero Serra, first head of the Spanish missions in California, on September 8,1771
San Gabriel Valley
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The San Gabriel Valley seen from the
Mount Wilson Toll Road near
Henninger Flats.
San Gabriel Valley
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Los Angeles River, highlighted in red (on the left). The
San Gabriel River is highlighted in red on the right.
San Gabriel Valley
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Whittier, California, late 19th century
San Gabriel Valley
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Mission San Gabriel Arcángel circa 1900. The trail in the foreground is part of the original
El Camino Real.
5.
San Bernardino Valley
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The San Bernardino Valley is a valley in Southern California. It lies at the base of the Transverse Ranges. Elevation varies from 180 metres on valley floors near Chino, where it increases to about 420 metres near San Bernardino. The valley floor houses roughly over 80% of the over 4 million total population in the Inland Empire region. The San Bernardino Valley was originally inhabited by Californian Native Americans, including people of the Serrano, Cahuilla, the Spanish missionaries established the Politana rancheria in the valley in 1810, an estancia, or ranch outpost, of Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. It was built to graze cattle, and for Indian Reductions of the Serrano people, after being destroyed in a revolt, the estancia was later reestablished as San Bernardino de Sena Estancia in 1830, and is now is a California Historical Landmark and museum in Redlands. From 1829, the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico to Alta California was established and entered the valley from through Crowder Canyon, included were all of the original estencia buildings, the chapel, a tile kiln, a lime kiln, and a grist mill. These emigrants first colonized Politana on the Rancho San Bernardino in 1842, don Lorenzo Trujillo brought the first colony of settlers from New Mexico to settle on land provided by the Lugos about one half mile south of the Indian village of La Politana. Later they moved to found a new village known as La Placita de los Trujillos, american settlers in the region included soldiers from the Mormon Battalion in 1847, after the California Campaign of the Mexican–American War was won by the U. S. Lyman and Charles C. The valley connects several open space areas and beautiful mountain. The San Bernardino Valley is surrounded by nature preserves, national forests, once part of famed U. S. Route 66, the San Bernardino Valley is now crossed by two Interstate routes. Interstate 15 enters the valley from the south, and exits on the north over Cajon Pass to the Mojave Desert, Interstate 10 enters the valley from Pomona on the west, and exits on the east over San Gorgonio Pass to the Colorado Desert and Coachella Valley. Joan Didion, in her essay Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream, the San Bernardino Valley encompasses one of two drainage basins of the Santa Ana River, the Inland Santa Ana Basin. Designated ground water sub-basins include, Chino, Rialto-Colton, Riverside-Arlington, San Bernardino, Yucaipa, also, the San Andreas Fault and San Jacinto Fault zones enter the valley along the San Bernardino Mountains and San Jacinto Mountains, respectively. The two fault lines converge to less than 10 km apart in the city of San Bernardino, usually the areas north of interstate 210 and east of interstate 215 see colder weather in the winter with occasional snowfall. Sage scrub and the Yucca plant are the predominant natural vegetation along washes and uplands, other vegetation consists of a patchwork of grasslands, riparian woodlands, and mixed hardwood forests, which border the valley in the mountains on the north and east. The Santa Ana winds blow into the valley from the Cajon Pass, the seasonal Santa Ana winds are felt particularly strongly in the San Bernardino area as warm and dry air is channeled through nearby Cajon Pass at times during the autumn months. This phenomenon markedly increases the danger in the foothill, canyon
San Bernardino Valley
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San Bernardino Valley
San Bernardino Valley
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San Bernardino Valley, 1909.
San Bernardino Valley
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Downtown San Bernardino
San Bernardino Valley
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Occasional January snowfall in the eastern San Bernardino Valley,
Shandin Hills are visible in the background.
6.
Southern California
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Southern California, often abbreviated as SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises Californias 10 southernmost counties. The region is described as eight counties, based on demographics and economic ties, Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara. The more extensive 10-county definition, which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is used and is based on historical political divisions. Southern California is an economic center for the state of California. The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, the megaregions area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.5 million people. With over 22 million people, Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of Californias population, located east of Southern California is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona. The Mojave Desert is located at the border with the state of Nevada while towards the south is the Mexico–United States border, within Southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the countrys largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. The counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state, the motion picture, television, and music industry are centered in the Los Angeles area in Southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, gives its name to the American motion picture industry, headquartered in Southern California are The Walt Disney Company, Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies, Southern California is also home to a large homegrown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Vans, Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, some of the worlds biggest action sports events, including the X Games, Boost Mobile Pro, and the U. S. Open of Surfing, are all held in Southern California. Southern California is also important to the world of yachting, the annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachtings premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the Americas Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995, Southern California is home to many sports franchises and sports networks such as Fox Sports Net. Many locals and tourists frequent the Southern California coast for its popular beaches, the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces. Southern California is not a geographic designation and definitions of what constitutes Southern California vary. Geographically, Californias North-South midway point lies at exactly 37°958.23 latitude, around 11 miles south of San Jose, however, when the state is divided into two areas, the term Southern California usually refers to the 10 southernmost counties of the state
Southern California
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Southern California Images top from bottom, left to right:
San Diego Skyline,
Downtown Los Angeles,
Village of La Jolla,
Santa Monica Pier,
Surfer at Black's Beach,
Hollywood Sign,
Disneyland,
Hermosa Beach Pier
Southern California
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San Diego Marina district
Southern California
–
Sunset in
Venice, a district in Los Angeles
Southern California
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Three Arch Bay in Laguna
7.
San Dimas, California
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San Dimas is a city in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 33,371. The city historically took its name from San Dismas Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains above the section of present-day San Dimas. San Dimas is named in Spanish after Saint Dismas, the Tongva Native Americans lived in the area, and along with other tribes, in the region for over 8,000 years. The area was developed in 1837 with the Mexican land grant from Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado to Ygnacio Palomares and Ricardo Vejar for the Rancho San Jose. It later became known as La Cienega Mud Springs, so named because of local mud springs that created a riparian marsh, Palomares and Vejar conducted sheep and cattle operations on Rancho San Jose, also growing crops for consumption by the residents of the rancho. In the early 1860s, a severe drought decimated the population of sheep. Ygnacio Palomares died in 1864, and his widow began selling the land in 1865. Vejar lost his share by foreclosure to two Los Angeles merchants, Isaac Schlesinger and Hyman Tischler, in 1864, in 1866, Schlesinger and Tischler sold the ranch to Louis Phillips. Small businesses began to open soon thereafter, and the city took on a new name, growth was rapid, and San Dimas soon became an agricultural community. Wheat and other Midwestern United States crops were planted first, then orange and lemon groves covered the town, at one time, four citrus packing houses and a marmalade factory were located in San Dimas. The Sunkist name originated here, first spelled Sunkissed, oranges were the major crop and business in San Dimas until the mid-20th century. San Dimas incorporated as a city in 1960, and is now known for its town and equestrian qualities In 1971. In 1972, San Dimas Community Hospital opened its 92-bed facility, in 1981, the San Dimas Swim and Racket Club was built next to San Dimas High School, according to the San Dimas Historical Society. In 1989 San Dimas was the setting for the film Bill & Teds Excellent Adventure, San Dimas is a suburb of Los Angeles nestled along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, about 28 miles east/northeast of Downtown Los Angeles and north of the Pacific Ocean. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 15.4 sq. mi.15.0 sq mi of it is land and 0.39 sq mi of it is water. Cinnamon Creek crosses the city, roughly parallel to the Arrow Highway, San Dimas runs along and southward from historic U. S. Route 66, another part of its development in the earlier 20th century. Other major arteries include Arrow Highway and San Dimas Avenue, the Foothill Freeway connects the town to Pasadena and the San Fernando Valley, with California State Route 57 connecting to Orange County and the beaches
San Dimas, California
–
San Dimas, in 1915
San Dimas, California
–
Location within
California and
Los Angeles County
8.
Rancho Cucamonga, California
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Rancho Cucamonga is a suburban city situated at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in San Bernardino County, California. It is located 37 miles east of Downtown Los Angeles, the city had a population of 165,269 in 2010 and an estimated population of 174,305 in 2014. The city experiences an average of 287 sunny days per year and its climate is classified as warm Mediterranean, or Csa, under the Köppen climate classification system. The citys seal, which centers on a cluster of grapes, alludes to the agricultural history. The citys favorable location and host of public amenities have earned it numerous distinctions, notably, Money Magazine ranked Rancho Cucamonga 42nd on its Best Places to Live list in 2006. In addition, Insider Magazine established one Rancho Cucamonga neighborhood as the 13th richest neighborhood in Southern California, all of the citys four public high schools earned the Silver distinction in a 2015 ranking of the nations high schools by U. S. News & World Report. Rancho Cucamongas first settlers were Native American, by 1200 A. D. Kukamongan Native Americans had established a village settlement in the area around present-day Red Hill, near the citys western border. Kukamonga derives its name from a Native-American word meaning sandy place, after a half-century of political jockeying in the region, the land finally came under the control of Juan Bautista Alvarado, governor of Mexico. On March 3,1839, Alvarado granted 13,000 acres of land in the area called Cucamonga to Tubercio Tapia, a first-generation Spanish native of Los Angeles, successful merchant, Tapia went on to establish the first winery in California on his newly deeded land. Rancho Cucamonga was purchased by John Rains and his wife in 1858, the Rains familys home, Casa de Rancho Cucamonga, was completed in 1860 and now appears on the National Register of Historic Places. During the ensuing years the town prospered and grew, in 1887, irrigation tunnels were dug into Cucamonga Canyon by Chinese laborers and the Santa Fe Railroad was extended through the area. Among the towns economic mainstays was agriculture, including olives, peaches, citrus, in 1913, the Pacific Electric Railway was extended through Rancho Cucamonga in an effort to improve crop transportation. Several landmarks in existence today pay tribute to the citys multicultural founding, in 1977, the unincorporated communities of Alta Loma, Cucamonga, and Etiwanda voted to incorporate, forming the city of Rancho Cucamonga. The former community of Grapeland, first settled in 1869, lay roughly between todays Victoria Groves Park and Central Park, there was a schoolhouse which also doubled as a church. In 1890 an irrigation district was formed and $200,000 in bonds were sold to pay for improvements, the Sierra Vista reservoir was built in 1886-87 by J. L. Scofield as the focal point of a network of irrigation pipes. The system was unused, however, because the issue was declared illegal. Orchards and vineyards began to die, The Daily Report newspaper reported in a retrospective, the post office closed in 1905. Homes, buildings were destroyed or abandoned, the reservoir remained unused until 1956, when the Fontana Union Water Company filled it with 5 million gallons of water
Rancho Cucamonga, California
–
Rancho Cucamonga
Rancho Cucamonga, California
–
Seal
Rancho Cucamonga, California
–
Orchards and farms, such as this Cucamonga ranch photographed in 1884, had dominated the landscape of the area until the recent land development boom in the late 20th century.
Rancho Cucamonga, California
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An example of the office parks along Haven Avenue.
9.
Alluvial
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Alluvium is loose, unconsolidated soil or sediments, which has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting. Alluvium is typically made up of a variety of materials, including fine particles of silt and clay and larger particles of sand, when this loose alluvial material is deposited or cemented into a lithological unit, or lithified, it is called an alluvial deposit. The term alluvium is not typically used in situations where the formation of the sediment can clearly be attributed to another process that is well described. This includes, lake sediments, river sediments, or glacially-derived sediments, sediments that are formed or deposited in a perennial stream or river are typically not referred to as alluvial. Most alluvium is very young, and is often referred to as cover because these sediments obscure the underlying bedrock. Most sedimentary material that fills a basin that is not lithified is typically lumped together as alluvial, alluvium of Pliocene age occurs, for example, in parts of Idaho. Alluvium of late Miocene age occurs, for example, in the valley of the San Joaquin River, alluvium can contain valuable ores such as gold and platinum and a wide variety of gemstones. Such a concentration of ores is termed a placer deposit
Alluvial
–
Section of alluvium at the Blue Ribbon Mine in
Alaska
Alluvial
–
Alluvium deposits in the Gamtoos Valley in
South Africa
Alluvial
–
An
alluvial plain in
Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)
Alluvial
–
Alluvial river deposits in the
Amazon Basin, near Autazes, AM,
Brazil. The seasonal deposits are extremely fertile, and crucial to
subsistence farming in the Amazon Basin along the river banks.
10.
Santa Ana River
–
The Santa Ana River is the largest river entirely within Southern California in the United States. Its drainage basin spans four counties, the Santa Ana River is 96 miles long, and drains a watershed of 2,650 square miles. For its size the Santa Ana drainage basin is quite diverse and it ranges from high peaks of inland mountains in the north and east, to the hot, dry interior and semi-desert basin, to flat coastal plains in the west. Its climates range from dry alpine to chaparral and desert, relatively little water actually flows in the river or most of its tributaries. One of its largest tributaries, the San Jacinto River, rarely reaches the Santa Ana except in wet years. The relative lack of vegetation also makes the river prone to flash flooding, even so, a wide variety of animal and plant life has always been dependent on the river. People have lived on the Santa Ana River for at least 9,000 years, there were four distinct indigenous groups in the area, all of which depended heavily on the river for their livelihoods. The river was first crossed by Europeans in 1769, when it received its name from members of the Spanish Portola expedition. Because it is one of the largest water sources in the four-county region, many large ranchos developed alongside the river and one of its major tributaries, Santiago Creek. This period of growth culminated in the establishment of large cities on the river, including Santa Ana, Riverside and Anaheim. In the early 20th century, devastating floods poured down the Santa Ana River, leading to much of the river being channelized and dammed in recent times. The Santa Ana River rises in Santa Ana Canyon in the southern San Bernardino Mountains, as it passes through the urban area, it receives City Creek from the right and enters a flood control channel flanked by earthen levees on both sides. Not long after the confluence with City Creek, Lytle Creek enters from the right, from there, the Santa Ana flows southwest, and after passing through the city of Riverside, it discharges into the normally dry flood control reservoir formed by Prado Dam. Two major tributaries of the river join in the area, Chino Creek from the right. Temescal Creek drains the largest area of all the tributaries, because it provides the outflow from Lake Elsinore and it is also one of the longest, at 32 miles in length. Except during the wettest years, Temescal Creek contains little or no water because Lake Elsinore is not high enough to overflow, the river roughly bisects the county as it flows southwest towards the ocean. The river is entirely diverted into spreading grounds for groundwater recharge of the aquifer of north Orange County. Downstream of there, the river serves only for control and waste drainage purposes
Santa Ana River
–
The Santa Ana River as seen from a small bluff overlooking the water.
Santa Ana River
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Map of the Santa Ana River drainage basin
Santa Ana River
–
Mill Creek (pictured) is one of the main headwaters tributaries of the Santa Ana River.
Santa Ana River
–
The channeled mouth of the Santa Ana River between Huntington Beach and Newport Beach
11.
Los Angeles County
–
Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County
12.
San Bernardino County
–
San Bernardino County, officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the southern portion of the U. S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,035,210, making it the fifth-most populous county in California, the county seat is San Bernardino. With an area of 20,105 square miles, San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area, although some of Alaskas boroughs and census areas are larger. It is larger than each of the nine smallest states, larger than the four smallest states combined, Spanish Missionaries from Mission San Gabriel Arcángel established a church at the village of Politania in 1810. Father Francisco Dumetz named the church San Bernardino on May 20,1810, the Franciscans also gave the name San Bernardino to the snowcapped peak in Southern California, in honor of the saint and it is from him that the county derives its name. In 1819, they established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia, following Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, Mexican citizens were granted land grants to establish ranchos in the area of the county. Rancho Jurupa in 1838, Rancho Cucamonga and El Rincon in 1839, Rancho Santa Ana del Chino in 1841, Rancho San Bernardino in 1842 and Rancho Muscupiabe in 1844. Agua Mansa was the first town in what became San Bernardino County, some of the southern parts of the countys territory were given to Riverside County in 1893. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 20,105 square miles. It is the largest county by area in California and the largest in the United States and it is slightly larger than the states of New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware and Rhode Island combined. It borders both Nevada and Arizona, the bulk of the population, roughly two million, live in the roughly 480 square miles south of the San Bernardino Mountains adjacent to Riverside and in the San Bernardino Valley. Over 300,000 others live just north of the San Bernardino Mountains, agglomerating around Victorville covering roughly 280 square miles in Victor Valley, roughly another 100,000 people live scattered across the rest of the sprawling county. The Mojave National Preserve covers some of the desert, especially between Interstate 15 and Interstate 40. The desert portion also includes the cities of Needles next to the Colorado River and Barstow at the junction in Interstate 15, trona is at the northwestern part of the county west of Death Valley. This national park, mostly within Inyo County, also has a portion of land within the San Bernardino County. The largest metropolitan area in the Mojave Desert part of the county is Victor Valley, with the localities of Adelanto, Apple Valley, Hesperia. Further south, a portion of Joshua Tree National Park overlaps the county near Twentynine Palms, additional places near and west of Twentynine palms include Yucca Valley, Joshua Tree, and Morongo Valley. The mountains are home to the San Bernardino National Forest, and include the communities of Crestline, Lake Arrowhead, Running Springs, Big Bear City, Forest Falls, the San Bernardino Valley is at the eastern end of the San Gabriel Valley
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County
13.
San Jose Hills
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The San Jose Hills are a part of the Transverse Ranges located in Eastern Los Angeles County, California, marking the border between the San Gabriel Valley and the Pomona Valley. It includes portions of Covina, West Covina, Walnut, Pomona, to the south, the valley of San Jose Creek separates the San Jose Hills from the Puente Hills and Chino Hills. The San Jose Hills are part of the history of Southern California. The San Gabriel Mountains were uplifted by tectonic force as a result of the colliding Pacific and this tectonic pressure created a deeply fractured and fissured sheets of rock that began to shift direction about 25 million years ago. Gradually, a portion of this rock began to uplift from the ocean forming the Los Angeles Basin. Further folding and fissures helped form other uplifts that include both the San Jose Hills and Puente Hills and these hills, prone to erosion, were formed their domed appearance while still submerged under water. The San Jose Hills Fault has the possible magnitude of 6.0 to 6.5, the San Jose Hills highest peak is Buzzard Peak at 1,319 feet. The highest elevations are composed of rock with small, shallow patches of soil. At the bases, silty clay loam dominates and these geologic conditions restrain water absorption towards the rockier higher elevations, which allow runoff to hyrdrate the base creating a more inhabitable environment for plants. Because of the orientation of the range, this effect is pronounced on the north slope due to the lower rates of evaporation caused by sunlight directed from the south. The San Jose Hills are diverse with unique and rare plant communities, the dominant plant community is coastal sage scrub, known for its high adaptations for long dry summers and is drought deciduous. Prickly-pear cactus can also be found there, above 1,000 feet, chaparral makes its appearance, which differs from the sage scrub by being evergreen. Along the northern slopes, especially in the cracks and valleys, one can find coast oak, Southern California black walnut woodlands are increasingly rare and threatened. The largest strands of this community are in the San Jose Hills, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are very diverse in both the San Jose Hills and surrounding San Gabriel Valley. Mammals in the San Jose Hills include bobcats, gray fox, skunks, opossums, squirrels, reptiles and amphibians include various lizards and snakes, the California red-legged frog, southwestern arroyo toad, southwestern pond turtle, and other frogs and salamanders. On the most northeastern border, Fairplex offers an annual L. A, County Fair and other events throughout the year. Fairplex is also the location of both the Los Angeles County Railroad Museum and the Wally Parks NHRA Motorsports Museum, automotive racing enthusiasts can enjoy adjacent Pomona Raceway-Dragstrip. Frank G. Bonelli park has 250-acre Puddingstone Lake used for swimming, water skiing, wind surfing, the lake is also stocked with trout, bluegill, catfish, and large-mouth bass
San Jose Hills
14.
California State Route 57
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State Route 57, also known as the Orange Freeway for most of its length, is a north–south state highway in the Greater Los Angeles Area of California. It connects the interchange of Interstate 5 and SR22 near downtown Orange, locally known as the Orange Crush, to the Glendora Curve interchange with I-210 and SR210 in Glendora. The highway provides a route across several spurs of the Peninsular Ranges, linking the Los Angeles Basin with the Pomona Valley, a predecessor to this road ran through Brea Canyon by the early 20th century and was added to the state highway system. The freeway was built in stages during the 1950s, one of which included the Brea Canyon Freeway, the final portion of the present-day Orange Freeway was not completed until the mid 1970s. The latest piece of SR57 to be added was formerly part of I-210, an unconstructed extension from Santa Ana south to Huntington Beach remains in the legal definition of SR57, and has been studied as a toll road above the Santa Ana River. SR57 begins at the Orange Crush interchange near downtown Orange, where it meets the northwest–southeast Santa Ana Freeway, the Orange Crush interchange, which had long been considered a major bottleneck, was rebuilt in the 1990s and 2000s. In northern Anaheim, SR57 meets the Riverside Freeway, SR57 briefly passes through Placentia and Fullerton, providing access to California State University, Fullerton. As it crosses Imperial Highway near the Brea Mall and enters Brea, SR57 enters more rugged terrain before climbing through Brea Canyon, the gap between the Chino Hills and Puente Hills. Near the rim of the canyon, the highway curves north out of the Brea Canyon, a short overlap carries SR57 traffic on the same roadway as SR60. Here it meets the San Bernardino Freeway and Chino Valley Freeway at the four-level Kellogg Hill Interchange, high-occupancy vehicle lanes exist in the median of SR57 south of SR60 in Diamond Bar. Elevated ramps allow HOV traffic bound to or from Brea Canyon to connect with I-5 towards the southeast, SR91 towards the west, the entire route is in the California Freeway and Expressway System, and is a freeway for its entire constructed length. SR57 is also part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are essential to the economy, defense. The highway from SR1 to SR60 in Diamond Bar is officially designated as the Orange Freeway, the road through Brea Canyon was oiled dirt by the late 1910s, providing a good connection across an outbranching of the Peninsular Ranges between the Los Angeles Basin and Pomona Valley. Los Angeles County paved the road in concrete in early 1923, until then, Route 19 had connected Route 9 near Claremont with Riverside, following Garey Avenue and Mission Boulevard through Pomona. To the south, the legislature added then-unrelated Route 180 along State College Boulevard in 1933, by 1955, the Brea Canyon Freeway was proposed to begin at the Santa Ana Freeway near La Veta Avenue in Santa Ana and head north, paralleling Routes 180 and 19 to Pomona. The portion northeast of Diamond Bar into Pomona soon became part of the planned Pomona Freeway, the state legislature altered the definition of Route 19 to reflect this in 1957 by moving its south end to Santa Ana. Then, in 1957, the northernmost part of present SR57 was added to the highway system as part of Route 240. This became part of the proposed Temescal Freeway, later the Corona Freeway, the part of old Route 19 east of Route 272 became part of SR60
California State Route 57
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Southbound in
San Dimas, leaving the
Kellogg Hill Interchange
California State Route 57
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State Route 57 highlighted in red; unconstructed portion in purple
California State Route 57
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Looking north from Imperial Highway (SR 90) in
Brea
California State Route 57
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Sign on Lambert Road in
Brea
15.
San Gabriel Mountains
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The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Transverse Ranges and lies between the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert, with Interstate 5 to the west and Interstate 15 to the east. This range lies in, and is surrounded by, the Angeles National Forest, the highest peak in the range is Mount San Antonio, commonly referred to as Mt. Baldy. Mount Wilson is another peak, famed for the Mount Wilson Observatory. The observatory may be visited by the public, on October 10,2014, President Obama designated the area the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument. Much of the range features rolling peaks, the range lacks craggy features, but contains a large number of canyons and is generally very rugged and difficult to traverse. The San Gabriel Mountains are in effect a large block that was uplifted and then dissected by numerous rivers. North of San Fernando, the San Gabriel Mountains crest abruptly up to almost 4,000 feet, pacoima and Big Tujunga Canyons cut through the range just east of San Fernando, carrying runoff into the San Fernando Valley. Little Tujunga Canyon Road bridges the range in area, connecting the San Fernando Valley to the Santa Clara River valley in the north. Towering over Big Tujunga Canyon north of Big Tujunga Reservoir is Mount Gleason, which at 6,502 feet, is the highest in this region of the San Gabriels. South of the gorge are the foothills of the mountains, which rise abruptly 4,000 feet above the Los Angeles Basin and give rise to the Arroyo Seco. Southeast of Big Tujunga Canyon, the front range of the San Gabriels gradually grows in elevation. On the north the range is dissected by the canyon of the West Fork San Gabriel River. On the north slopes of the San Gabriel crest, the ranks of mountains drop down incrementally to the floor of the Mojave Desert in a much more gradual manner than the sheer southern flank. The Angeles Crest Highway, one of the routes across the San Gabriels. Little Rock, Big Rock and Sheep Creeks drain off the part of the mountains. To the east, the San Andreas Fault cuts across the range, forming a series of long, straight and narrow depressions, including Swarthout Valley, South of Mount San Antonio, San Antonio Creek drains the mountains, cutting the deep San Antonio Canyon. However, there are several notable peaks in this region, including Telegraph Peak, at 8,985 feet, Cucamonga Peak, at 8,859 feet
San Gabriel Mountains
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Summits in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains,
Angeles National Forest,
San Bernardino County, California. The main peaks are: Telegraph Peak, 8,985' (left),
Cucamonga Peak, 8,859' (center), and Ontario Peak, 8693' (center right), as seen from
Baldy Bowl on
Mount Baldy.
San Gabriel Mountains
San Gabriel Mountains
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East Fork
San Gabriel River canyon, looking west.
San Gabriel Mountains
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Mount Islip.
16.
Interstate 15
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Interstate 15 is a major Interstate Highway in the western United States. I-15 begins near the Mexico–US border in San Diego County and stretches north to Alberta, Canada, passing through the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Montana. The interstate serves the cities of San Diego, Las Vegas, St. George, Salt Lake City, Pocatello and Butte. It also passes close to the areas of Orange County, California, Los Angeles County, California, Provo, Utah, Ogden, Utah. The stretches of Interstate 15 in Idaho, Utah, and Arizona have been designated as the Veterans Memorial Highway, since its creation, I-15 has served as a long-haul route for North American commerce. Also since the construction of I-15, California, Nevada, as a result, the route of I-15 has substantially increased in population and commuter traffic. The northern terminus is in Sweet Grass, Montana, at the Canada–US border and it is 1,433 miles long from San Diego to Sweet Grass. North of its junction with the Riverside Freeway, State Route 91, in the Inland Empire near Corona, the route roughly follows the former routes of State Route 31. North of Devore, the highway follows the alignment of historic U. S. Highway 66 along with U. S. Highway 91. U. S.395 breaks away at Hesperia and the route continues on a path to Barstow 35 miles to the north. Meanwhile, the old alignments of U. S.91, at that point, I-15 follows the old route of U. S.91 exclusively as U. S.66 turned east toward Needles. For many parts of the highway, high-voltage power lines, such as Path 46 and Path 27, almost all originating from the Hoover Dam, many of these link distant power stations to the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The southern starting point of Interstate 15 was in 1947 planned to be in San Bernardino and this was logical as I-15 was following the old alignment of the historic Route 66 which passed through San Bernardino. But in 1964, legislation was passed to extend the interstate to San Diego. This segments alignment is generally northeast to southwest for about 15 miles, then, in Fontana/Rancho Cucamonga, its directional alignment shifts to north–south where it eventually junctions with Interstate 10. The segment that had built from Devore to San Bernardino was retained as an interstate. Note that during the construction of I-15s present alignment, and for some time afterwards, I-215 was numbered as I-15E, I-15 runs for a total of 287 miles in California. Interstate 15 begins in Primm and continues through Las Vegas along the Las Vegas Strip corridor, then the interstate crosses the border with Arizona in Mesquite
Interstate 15
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Northbound I-15 makes a steep descent from the Mountain Pass into the
Ivanpah Valley, CA
Interstate 15
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Interstate 15
Interstate 15
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A mileage sign on I-15 northbound just past
SR 146 in the
Las Vegas Valley
Interstate 15
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I-15 passes through the
Virgin River Gorge, Arizona revealing scenic reddish brown cliffs.
17.
Chino Hills
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The Chino Hills are a mountain range on the border of Orange, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino counties, California, with a small portion in Riverside County. The Chino Hills State Park preserves open space and habitat in them, the Chino Hills are separated from the Santa Ana Mountains to the south by the Santa Ana River. On the northwest, Brea Canyon separates the Chino Hills from the Puente Hills, to the north of the Puente Hills and San Jose Creek lie the San Jose Hills. The only paved road crossing the Chino Hills is Carbon Canyon Road, the Chino Hills are in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of the California Floristic Province. The California native plants here are in the chaparral and oak woodland plant communities and it occurred at 11,42 am PDT and caused structural damage to buildings, including to St. Jude Centers for Rehabilitation and Wellness and to the Pomona City Hall. Water mains were ruptured in limited areas of Los Angeles, and superficial damage was done to the facades of businesses, there were reports of minor injuries but no fatalities. The famed cliff swallows of Mission San Juan Capistrano are now nesting in Chino Hills. Thousands of the birds, up from wintering in Argentina, have built their mud nests in the eaves of the Vellano Country Club. Puente Hills San Rafael Hills San Joaquin Hills Santa Ana Mountains San Gabriel Mountains San Bernardino Mountains Pasinogna, California Rancho Santa Ana del Chino Chino Hills State Park
Chino Hills
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Chino Hills
Chino Hills
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An insect inside a flower in Chino Hills.
18.
U.S. Route 66
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U. S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U. S. Highway System. US66 was established on November 11,1926, with signs erected the following year. It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song Route 66 and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s. US66 served as a path for those who migrated west, especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Portions of the road passed through Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, and Arizona have been designated a National Scenic Byway of the name Historic Route 66. Several states have adopted significant bypassed sections of the former US66 into the road network as State Route 66. His secondary orders were to test the feasibility of the use of camels as pack animals in the southwestern desert and this road became part of US66. Parts of the original Route 66 from 1913, prior to its naming and commissioning. The paved road becomes a road, south of Cajon. Before a nationwide network of numbered highways was adopted by the states, the route that would become US66 was covered by three highways. The Lone Star Route passed through St. Louis on its way from Chicago to Cameron, Louisiana, the transcontinental National Old Trails Road led via St. Again, a shorter route was taken, here following the Postal Highway between Oklahoma City and Amarillo. Finally, the National Old Trails Road became the rest of the route to Los Angeles, the original inspiration for a roadway between Chicago and Los Angeles was planned by entrepreneurs Cyrus Avery of Tulsa, Oklahoma and John Woodruff of Springfield, Missouri. The pair lobbied the American Association of State Highway Officials for the creation of a following the 1925 plans. The numerical designation 66 was assigned to the Chicago-to-Los Angeles route on April 30,1926 in Springfield, Louis streets and on Route 266 to Halltown, Missouri. Avery was adamant that the highway have a number and had proposed number 60 to identify it. A controversy erupted over the number 60, largely from delegates from Kentucky who wanted a Virginia Beach–Los Angeles highway to be US60, arguments and counterarguments continued throughout February, including a proposal to split the proposed route through Kentucky into Route 60 North and Route 60 South. The final conclusion was to have US60 run between Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Springfield, Missouri, and the Chicago–L. A. Avery and highway engineer John Page settled on 66, which was unassigned, because he thought the number would be easy to remember as well as pleasant to say
U.S. Route 66
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A remnant of an original state right-of-way marker serves as a reminder of the early days of the road's construction. This was part of the 1927 construction of Route 66.
U.S. Route 66
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U.S. Route 66
U.S. Route 66
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The
Chain of Rocks Bridge across the
Mississippi River was built to carry the growing traffic of Route 66 around the city of St. Louis
U.S. Route 66
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Restored Magnolia gasoline station museum on Route 66 in
Shamrock in
Wheeler County, TX
19.
California Assembly
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The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
California Assembly
California Assembly
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California State Assembly
20.
Chino, California
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Chino is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located in the end of the Riverside-San Bernardino Area and it is easily accessible via the Chino Valley. The population was 77,983 at the 2010 census, chinos rich agricultural history dates back to the Spanish land grant forming Rancho Santa Ana del Chino. The area specialized in orchard, row crops and dairy, downtown Chino is home to satellite branches of the San Bernardino County Library and Chaffey Community College, the Chino Community Theatre, the Chino Boxing Club and a weekly Farmers Market. In 2008, the city of Chino was awarded the prestigious 100 Best Communities for Youth award for the time in three years. Chino hosted shooting events for the 1984 Summer Olympics at the Prado Olympic Shooting Park in the Prado Regional Park, two California state prisons for adults, as well as the Heman G. Stark Youth Correctional Facility, lie within the city limits. The land grant on which the town was founded was called Rancho Santa Ana del Chino, Santa Ana is Spanish for Saint Anne, but the exact meaning of Chino has been explained in different ways. One explanation is that the Chino was the chief of the local Native American village, the first inhabitants of Chino in modern times were the Tongva, who had a settlement called Wapijangna in the Santa Ana River watershed. Some residents of Wapijanga were baptized at Mission San Gabriel, which was established in 1771, the Spanish crown claimed the land, at least nominally, until Mexican independence was finalized and possession fell to the Mexican government. Some twenty years later, Mexican governor of Alta California Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho Santa Ana del Chino to Antonio Maria Lugo of the prominent Lugo family. Two years later, his successor, Governor Micheltorena, granted an additional three leagues to Lugos son-in-law Isaac Williams, who took charge of the rancho, Williams kept large quantities of horses and cattle, which attracted the envy of raiding Native Americans as well as unscrupulous whites. Early in the Mexican-American War, the Battle of Chino took place at Williams rancho, the battle ended prior to the arrival of the Mormon Battalion, dispatched on behalf of the United States, who instead labored in the ranchos agricultural harvest and constructed a grist mill. During the California Gold Rush, the rancho was a stopover for travelers. In 1850, California was admitted to the union, and the process of separating privately held lands from the public domain began, the Williams claim to the Chino Rancho was patented in 1869. Richard Gird was the owner of the Rancho. Beginning in 1887, his land was subdivided and laid out and it became the Town of Chino, and incorporated into a city in 1910. Sugar beets, corn, and alfalfa were raised there, the Chino Valley, located at the foot of an alluvial plain with fertile topsoil reaching depths of 4 feet, was an agricultural mecca from the 1890s up through the mid 20th century. Sugar beets were a significant part of the economy in the early 1900s, followed by corn, peaches, walnuts, tomatoes
Chino, California
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Beet sugar factory c.1906
Chino, California
–
Location of Chino within Southwestern
San Bernardino County, California.
Chino, California
–
Chino Valley Creamery, c.1900
21.
Chino Hills, California
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Chino Hills is an affluent city located in the southwestern corner of San Bernardino County, California, United States. The city borders Los Angeles County on its northwest side, Orange County to its south, after the Spanish founded Mission San Gabriel in 1771, the Chino Hills was used extensively for grazing by mission cattle. During the Mexican Republic era, the hills were used as spillover grazing from such surrounding Mexican ranchos as Santa Ana del Chino, after Mexico ceded California to the United States it was, and still is, a swamp and subject to flooding annually. Most historical dwellings were demolished in the rush to build, a local state monument is present in the grass lawn area of the local fire department, if one looks closely. Casa Colina, a rehabilitation center now situated in Pomona California. Similarly, the well known hospital, Loma Linda Hospital, also had its beginnings as a tubercular clinic, sadly, most patients admitted for tuberculosis, succumbed to the illness because of the ineffectiveness of pre-antibotic treatments. This land was sold to Richard Gird, the founder of nearby Chino subdivision, for the same reason, Sleepy Hollow became a destination for hippies and artists during the 1960s. During the late 1980s, an effort began and in 1991. Rapid and extensive housing developments followed throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, most neighborhoods are arranged in a village-type format with strategically placed shopping centers and parks designed to be within walking distance of nearby homes. Chino Hills is home to the Vellano Country Club, a golf course and housing development designed by golf champion Greg Norman. With home prices expected to exceed $2 million, Vellano was touted as the most expensive housing development in the Inland Empire, Chino Hills also includes the developed golf course development neighborhood of Los Serranos. Other large master-planned subdivisions without amenities include Woodview/Village Crossing, Gordon Ranch, LaBand Village, Butterfield Ranch, Rolling Ridge, Fairfield Ranch, Chino Hills is also the location of The Shoppes at Chino Hills. The mall features over 65 upscale stores and restaurants, the Shoppes is designed to be Main Street Chino Hills featuring the Chino Hills Government Center and Library in addition to retail outlets. On July 29,2008, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake occurred at approximately 11,42,15 am PDT and it was the largest earthquake to affect the urbanized portion of Southern California since the 2004 Parkfield-San Bernardino earthquake. Some incidents of damage were reported, but no fatalities or severe injuries occurred as a result, the earthquake was felt as far south as San Diego and as far north as Las Vegas. The quake was reported to have interrupted a taping of the show Judge Judy, the epicenter was located at the southeast portion of the Yorba Linda Fault. Chino Hills was ranked 34th in Money magazines Best places to live 2012 and it is also the 6th highest income place in the United States and was ranked as the 13th safest city in the United States in 2008 by the FBI. Chino Hills is a part of the Chino Valley, Chino Hills’ reputation is known in the national arena as well, as it was featured on the list of 87 of Americas hottest towns in the January 2004 issue of Money magazine
Chino Hills, California
–
Chino Hills, with the
San Gabriel Mountains in background
22.
Claremont, California
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Claremont is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States,30.3 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. It is located in the eastern San Gabriel Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, Claremont is known as the home of the Claremont Colleges and other educational institutions, and for its tree-lined streets with numerous historic buildings. In July 2007, it was rated by CNN/Money magazine as the fifth best place to live in the United States, due to its large number of trees and residents with doctoral degrees, it is sometimes referred to as The City of Trees and PhDs. Some critics say that the expansion negatively altered the original, small-town feel of The Village, Claremont has been a winner of the National Arbor Day Associations Tree City USA award for 22 consecutive years. When the city incorporated in 1907, local citizens started what has become the citys tree-planting tradition. Claremont is one of the few remaining places in North America with American Elm trees that have not been exposed to Dutch elm disease, the stately trees line Indian Hill Boulevard in the vicinity of the citys Memorial Park. The Claremont Institute, a think tank, is located there. Several retirement communities, among them Pilgrim Place, the Claremont Manor, the citrus groves and open space which once dominated the northern portion of the city have been replaced by residential developments of large homes. The northern, foothill area also includes the Padua Hills Theatre, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.35 square miles, of which 13.3 square miles is land and 0.05 square miles is water. Its geographic location puts it well within the known as the San Gabriel Valley. Claremont is approximately 24 miles east of Pasadena and 30 miles east of downtown Los Angeles, in the summer months, temperatures can rise into the triple digits. In the autumn months, Claremont can receive gusty winds known as the Santa Ana Winds, in the winter, most of its annual rainfall occurs. Snow is rare but can often be viewed in the nearby San Gabriel Mountains, in early summer, Claremont can receive overcast weather due to its strong onshore flow from the ocean known as May Gray or June Gloom. The 2010 United States Census reported that Claremont had a population of 34,926, the population density was 2,589.7 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Claremont was 24,666 White,1,651 African American,172 Native American,4,564 Asian,38 Pacific Islander,2,015 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,919 persons. The Census reported that 29,802 people lived in households,4,926 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 429 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 138 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,957 households were made up of individuals and 1,556 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.57. There were 7,925 families, the family size was 3.10
Claremont, California
–
Claremont City Hall
23.
Diamond Bar, California
–
Diamond Bar is a city located in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. The 2014 population estimate was 56,784, up from 56,287 at the 2000 census and it is named after the diamond over a bar branding iron registered in 1918 by ranch owner Frederick E. Lewis. The city features a public Los Angeles County golf course and it is also home to the Diamond Bar Country Estates, a private guarded community. Located at the junction of the Pomona and Orange freeways, Diamond Bar is primarily residential with shopping centers interspersed throughout the city and it is surrounded by the communities such as Brea, Walnut, Chino Hills, and Rowland Heights, Pomona, and the City of Industry. Northern Diamond Bar is a part of the Pomona Unified School District, Southern Diamond Bar is a part of the Walnut Valley Unified School District. The city is served by International Polytechnic High School. It also has the first hydrogen fueling station to be built in Southern California, in 1840, Jose de la Luz Linares received the 4, 340-acre Mexican land grant Rancho Los Nogales from Governor Juan Alvarado. The land grant included Brea Canyon and the eastern Walnut Valley, Linares died in 1847, and his widow sold a part of the ranch to Ricardo Vejar for $100 in merchandise,100 calves, and the assumption of her late husbands debts. Vejar also owned the Rancho San Jose to the east, however, Vejars luck did not last that long. At the time, it was one of the largest working cattle ranches in the western U. S, the entire Diamond Bar Ranch was acquired by the Transamerica Corporation in the 1950s for the purpose of developing one of the nations first master-planned communities. Transamerica gave the Diamond Bar name to its new community and incorporated the ranchs familiar diamond, the first houses in this development were built in 1960, adjacent to the future location of the Pomona Freeway, which was built through the area ten years later. The towns development and population grew quickly after that. Transamerica oversaw all development of the community through the 1960s, the Transamerica Corporation divested itself of all its real estate ventures in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result, the Diamond Bar project was sold to multiple developers, the City of Diamond Bar was incorporated on April 18,1989. Diamond Bar is located at 34°0′6″N 117°49′15″W, the city lies roughly between the ends of the Chino Fault and the Whittier Fault, both part of the larger Elsinore Fault Zone. Positioned in the corner of the San Gabriel Valley in eastern Los Angeles County. Neighboring communities include Walnut, Rowland Heights, and Pomona, Diamond Bar is also adjacent to the Inland Empire region, with Chino Hills directly to the east, and to the south of Diamond Bar lie the cities of Brea and La Habra in Orange County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 14.9 square miles
Diamond Bar, California
–
Diamond Bar City Hall
24.
La Verne, California
–
La Verne is a small city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 31,063 at the 2010 census, down from 31,638 at the 2000 census, the history of the area dates back to the 1830s when Ygnacio Palomares received the 15, 000-acre Rancho San Jose land grant from Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado in 1837. The land included the present day cities Pomona, Claremont, San Dimas, Glendora, the adobe which Palomares built in 1837 is still preserved in Pomona as La Casa Primera de Rancho San Jose. Palomares soon moved a mile or so northeast and constructed the Ygnacio Palomares Adobe and he ensured that a nephew, Jose Dolores Palomares, secured a tract of land a mile west. In the mid-1880s, entrepreneur Isaac W. Lord purchased a tract of Jose Palomares land, Lord had the land surveyed for building lots and in 1887 had a large land sale, naming the new town Lordsburg after himself. He also had a large Lordsburg Hotel constructed, but the boom was over by the time it was completed. Lordsburg College was founded in 1891, in 1906 the town was incorporated as La Verne. Residents grew field crops, then began planting trees, which flourished. Lordsburg became known as the Heart of the Orange Empire, the city of La Verne flourished as a center of the citrus industry until after World War II, when the citrus industry slowly faded away. Today the last two orange groves are on the grounds of the La Verne Mansion and Heritage Park, La Verne is a suburb 30 miles east of Los Angeles, located in the Pomona Valley below the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.562 square miles. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, La Verne has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that La Verne had a population of 31,063. The population density was 3,628.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of La Verne was 23,057 White,1,065 African American,265 Native American,2,381 Asian,61 Pacific Islander,2,822 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 9,635 persons. The Census reported that 30,387 people lived in households,501 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 420 unmarried couples living together, and 74 homosexuual partners living together. 2,517 households were made up of individuals and 1,429 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.70. There were 8,213 families, the family size was 3.16. The median age was 42.9 years, for every 100 females there were 89.9 males
La Verne, California
–
The Lordsburg
Pacific Electric station, 1922
La Verne, California
–
Location of La Verne in
Los Angeles County,
California
La Verne, California
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The Charles E. Straight House in La Verne is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
25.
Montclair, California
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Montclair is a city in the Pomona Valley, in southwestern San Bernardino County, California. The population was 36,664 in the 2010 United States Census, Montclair is bordered by Pomona to the west, Claremont and Upland to the north, Ontario to the east, and Chino to the south. Montclair is in the Pomona Valley and part of the Inland Empire region, the San Bernardino Freeway runs through the northern part of the city. The 2010 United States Census reported that Montclair had a population of 36,664, the population density was 6,645.4 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Montclair was 19,337 White,1,908 African American,434 Native American,3,425 Asian,74 Pacific Islander,9,882 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 25,744 persons. The Census reported that 36,268 people lived in households,215 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 690 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 77 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,240 households were made up of individuals and 524 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.81. There were 7,776 families, the family size was 4.09. The median age was 30.7 years, for every 100 females there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males. There were 9,911 housing units at a density of 1,796.4 per square mile, of which 5,683 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. 0%, the vacancy rate was 4. 6%. 21,076 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 15,192 people lived in housing units. According to the census of 2000, there were 33,049 people,8,800 households, the population density was 6,482.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,066 housing units at a density of 1,778.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 33. 8% White,6. 4% African American,1. 0% Native American,5. 1% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,34. 6% from other races, and 4. 8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 73. 0% of the population,15. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.7 and the family size was 4.0
Montclair, California
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Iglesia ni Cristo chapel in Montclair, one of the icons for immigrants
Montclair, California
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Location of Montclair in California
26.
Ontario, California
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Ontario is a city located in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States,35 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. Located in the part of the Inland Empire region, it lies just east of the Los Angeles county line and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 163,924, up from 158,007 at the 2000 census, making it the fourth most populous city after San Bernardino, Fontana. The city is home to the Ontario International Airport, which is the 15th busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried, Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country. It is also the home of Ontario Mills and former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway and it takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their province of Ontario. At the time of Mexican and later of American settlement, active Native American settlements were scattered across the entire valley, remains of a Serrano village were discovered in the neighboring foothills of the present-day city of Claremont. Following the 1819 establishment of San Bernardino Asistencia, which may have served as an outpost of the San Gabriel mission, it part of a large. In 1826, Jedediah Smith passed through what is now Upland on the first overland journey to the West coast of North America via the National Old Trails Road, the 1834 secularization of California land holdings resulted in the lands transferral to private hands. In 1881, the Chaffey brothers, George and William, purchased the land and they also created the main thoroughfare of Euclid Avenue, with its distinctive wide lanes and grassy median. The new Model Colony was originally conceived as a dry town, the two named the town Ontario in honor of the province of Ontario in Canada, where they were born. Ontario attracted farmers and ailing Easterners seeking a drier climate, to impress visitors and potential settlers with the abundance of water in Ontario, a fountain was placed at the Southern Pacific railway station. It was turned on when trains were approaching and frugally turned off again after their departure. Agriculture was vital to the economy, and many street names recall this legacy. The Sunkist plant remains as a vestige of the citrus era. The Chaffey brothers left to found the settlements of Mildura, Australia and Renmark, Australia, Charles Frankish continued their work at Ontario. Mining engineer John Tays refined the design of the mule car. At that point, the two mules were loaded onto a platform at the rear of the car and allowed to ride, soon replaced by an electric streetcar, the mule car is commemorated by a replica in an enclosure south of C Street on the Euclid Avenue median
Ontario, California
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The Ontario Convention Center in September 2006.
Ontario, California
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Interior of citrus packing house, Ontario, ca.1905
Ontario, California
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The olive vat room at
Graber Olive House in Ontario, California. In 1894, two years after planting olive trees in Ontario, C. C. Graber began selling
vat cured olives from the pictured vat room in vats similar to the ones pictured. Graber Olive House is the oldest operating olive packer in the United States.
Ontario, California
–
Ontario Mills in March 2005.
27.
Upland, California
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Upland is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the United States. The municipality is located at an elevation of 1,242 feet, as of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 73,732, up from 68,393 at the 2000 census. It was incorporated on May 15,1906, after previously being named North Ontario, Upland is located at the foot of the highest part of the San Gabriel Mountains. The city is part of the Inland Empire, an area situated directly east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Upland originally was a colony established by George and William Chaffey. When founded, it was a rural town based on agriculture, specifically citrus fruits. A trolley line in the broad, tree-lined median of Euclid Avenue formerly connected Upland to the Southern Pacific Railroad line in Ontario, the trolley was pulled from Ontario to Upland by a mule, which then climbed aboard an attached trailer for the ride back down. Present-day Upland maintains many of the features, most specifically Euclid Avenue as well as many of the older, adobe. Upland is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains on an east-west trail that was used by the Indians and Spanish missionaries, to the west, the trail led to the San Gabriel Mission, which Spanish Missionaries built in 1771. Anzas route went through Yuma, the San Gorgonio Pass and through the San Bemardino Valley, in 1775, Anza led a second expedition consisting of more than 240 people on a journey of over two thousand miles to the San Francisco Bay. En route, the reached the San Gabriel Mission on January 4,1776. The expedition reached the San Francisco Bay on June 27,1776, five years later, in 1781, Spanish settlers followed Anzas route to found the city of Los Angeles a few miles west of the San Gabriel Mission. Following the Anza expedition, the San Gabriel Mission became an important stopping place for expeditions traveling between Arizona and California. In 1810, a party of missionaries, soldiers, and Native Americans from San Gabriel mission, on the 20th of May,1810, they came into the San Bernardino Valley. This, according to the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, was the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, the expedition named the area around Upland Cucamonga, which in the Tongvan language meant sand place. Jedediah Smith of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was the first American to enter California overland and he started from the Yellowstone River, August,1826, with a party of fifteen men. Their course was down the Colorado River to the Mojave, where they found two Native Americans, who guided them across the desert to San Gabriel Mission. Smith pioneered the route over the Cajon Pass, where he joined the foothill route established by Anza
Upland, California
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Upland in 1906.
Upland, California
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Upland City Hall (left) and Upland Public Library (right)
Upland, California
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Madonna of the Trail statue in Upland
28.
Walnut, California
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Walnut is a suburban city in the eastern part of Los Angeles County in California. Moneys Best Places to Live ranked Walnut #70 in 2009 and #57 in 2011, the greater Walnut Valley is located between the steep San Jose Hills mountain range to the north, and the gentle Puente Hills to the south. Quality housing consists of master-planned single family homes ranging in size from 1,800 to 11,200 square feet, as well as Mt. San Antonio Community College. Walnut is one of the cities with the lowest crime rates in the San Gabriel Valley, the city covers nearly nine square miles and is home to hundreds of businesses. Its 2012 population was estimated at 29,661 by the United States Census Bureau, according to the 2010 United States Census, Walnut has a median household income at one of the top earning percentiles in the country at $101,250. The citys name is derived from the Rancho Los Nogales Mexican land grant, the native California black walnut is a common tree of the San Jose Hills. The City of Walnut is a general law city incorporated on January 19,1959 and it is governed by a city council/city manager form of government. A five-member city council is elected by the residents, and a mayor is elected annually by the council to serve a twelve-month term, a city manager is appointed by the council to oversee the daily activities of the city. Several small creeks run mostly to the south toward the valley of San Jose Creek, the history of Walnut dates back to the indigenous Tongva people. Spanish missionaries who arrived in the 18th century called the indigenes Gabrieleño, the Walnut area was part of the network of outlying ranches used for the grazing of cattle and sheep by the Mission. Following secularization of the missions in the 1830s, former lands were divided into ranchos. In the Walnut area, the first grants were Rancho San Jose, Rancho Los Nogales, in 1868, John Rowland and William Workman divided Rancho La Puente, leaving Rowland the eastern half and Workman the western half. Rowland’s land included the portion of Walnut and the adjacent community now called Rowland Heights. The land was used mainly for raising cattle and growing wheat, grapes, in 1895, the first U. S. post office was established and given the name Lemon. In 1908, the post office name was changed to Walnut, as a reminder of those early days, the U. S. Post Office is on Lemon Avenue, one of the main streets. The City of Walnut’s Bicentennial Commission selected the construction of Lemon Creek Park, in 1872, the Lemon Creek Park area became the property of Sheriff William Rowland, who inherited the 29, 000-acre ranch from his father, John Rowland. The modest structure built in 1883 served as the home of Mr. Meridith, the adobe redwood ranch house is one of the few remaining original ranch style redwood and adobe structures in the area
Walnut, California
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Street sign in Walnut
Walnut, California
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Olympic Flame and wall of honor at
Hilmer Lodge Stadium
29.
White people
–
White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Europid ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context. The contemporary usage of people or a white race as a large group of populations contrasting with black, American Indian. It is today used as a racial classifier in multiracial societies, such as North Africa, United States. The term white race or white people entered the major European languages in the later 17th century, in the context of racialized slavery, description of populations as white in reference to their skin color predates this notion and is found in Greco-Roman ethnography and other ancient sources. Scholarship on race generally distinguishes the concept from pre-modern descriptions of collective difference. In the literature of the Ancient Near East and Classical Antiquity and we know that Egyptians were not oblivious to skin color, however, because artists paid attention to it in works of art, to the extent the pigments at the time permitted. Classicist James Dee states the Greeks do not describe themselves as white people—or as anything else because they had no word in their color vocabulary for themselves. Peoples skin color did not carry meaning, what mattered is where they lived. Religious conversion was sometimes described figuratively as a change in skin color, similarly, the Rigveda uses krsna tvac black skin as a metaphor for irreligiosity. The Ancient Egyptian funerary text known as the Book of Gates distinguishes four groups in a procession and these are the Egyptians, the Levantine/Canaanite peoples or Asiatics, the Nubians and the fair-skinned Libyans. The Egyptians are depicted as a reddish brown, the Nubians as black skinned, the Semites from the Levant and Canaan as light skinned. Herodotus described the Scythian Budini as having blue eyes and bright red hair. And the Egyptians – quite like the Colchians – as melánchroes and he also gives the possibly first reference to the common Greek name of the tribes living south of Egypt, otherwise known as Nubians, which was Aithíopes. Later Xenophon described the Aethiopians as black and the Persian troops as white compared to the skin of Greek troops. These color adjectives are found in contrast to the standard set by the own group. According to historian Irene Silverblatt, Race thinking … made social categories into racial truths, Alastair Bonnett argues that white identity, as it is presently conceived, is an American project, reflecting American interpretations of race and history. According to Gregory Jay, a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Before the age of exploration, group differences were based on language, religion. … the European had always reacted a bit hysterically to the differences of skin color, in the 16th and 17th centuries, East Asian peoples were almost uniformly described as white, never as yellow
White people
–
Macedonian mother
Teresa of Calcutta
White people
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The
Georgian skull
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach discovered in 1795, which he used to hypothesize origination of Europeans from the
Caucasus.
White people
–
Italian inventor of the first telephone
Antonio Meucci
White people
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French chemist and
microbiologist Louis Pasteur
30.
Hispanic
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The term Hispanic broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain. It commonly applies to countries once colonized by the Spanish Empire in the Americas and Asia, particularly the countries of Latin America and the Philippines. It could be argued that the term should apply to all Spanish-speaking cultures or countries and it is difficult to label a nation or culture with one term, such as Hispanic, as the ethnicities, customs, traditions, and art forms vary greatly by country and region. The Spanish language and Spanish culture are the main traditions, the term Hispanic derives from Latin Hispanicus, the adjectival derivation of Latin Hispania and Hispanus/Hispanos, ultimately probably of Celtiberian origin. In English the word is attested from the 16th century, the words Spain, Spanish, and Spaniard are of the same etymology as Hispanus, ultimately. Hispanus was the Latin name given to a person from Hispania during Roman rule, in English, the term Hispano-Roman is sometimes used. The Hispano-Romans were composed of people from different indigenous tribes. A number of men, such as Trajan, Hadrian. Hispano-Roman is used to refer to the culture and people of Hispania, Hispanic is used to refer to modern Spain, to the Spanish language, and to the Spanish-speaking nations of the world and particularly the Americas. Spanish is used to refer to the people, nationality, culture, language, Spaniard is used to refer to the people of Spain. Hispania was the Roman name for the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. Initially, this territory was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior, in 27 B. C, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis. This division of Hispania explains the usage of the singular and plural forms used to refer to the peninsula and this revival of the old Roman concept in the Middle Ages appears to have originated in Provençal, and was first documented at the end of the 11th century. In the Council of Constance, the four kingdoms shared one vote, the word Lusitanian, relates to Lusitania or Portugal, also in reference to the Lusitanians, possibly one of the first Indo-European tribes to settle in Europe. From this tribes name had derived the name of the Roman province of Lusitania, the terms Spain and the Spains were not interchangeable. Spain was a territory, home to several kingdoms, with separate governments, laws, languages, religions, and customs. Spain was not an entity until much later, and when referring to the Middle Ages. The term The Spains referred specifically to a collective of juridico-political units, first the Christian kingdoms, although colloquially and literally the expression King of Spain or King of the Spains was already widespread, it did not refer to a unified nation-state
Hispanic
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Pope Francis
Hispanic
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De español y torna atrás, tente en el aire Spanish colonial
casta painting, Juan Patricio Morlete Ruiz (Mexico, 1713-1781)
Hispanic
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Pablo Picasso
Hispanic
–
Shakira
