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History
Pope Gregory VII
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Pope Gregory VII, born Hildebrand of Sovana, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII
Wax funeral effigy of Gregory VII under glass in the Salerno cathedral.
Wax funeral effigy of Gregory VII under glass in the Salerno cathedral.
Investiture Controversy
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The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) and abbots of monasteries and the pope himself. A series of popes in the 11th and 12th centuries undercut the power of the Holy Roman Emperor and other European monarchies, and the controversy led to nearly 50 years of conflict.
Myers, Philip Van Ness (1905), a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office
Myers, Philip Van Ness (1905), a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office
Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077
Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077
Contemporary illustration of Henry IV (left) and Anti-pope Clement III (centre)
Contemporary illustration of Henry IV (left) and Anti-pope Clement III (centre)
Henry IV requests mediation from Matilda of Tuscany and abbot Hugh of Cluny.
Henry IV requests mediation from Matilda of Tuscany and abbot Hugh of Cluny.