Pope Innocent X, born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death, in January 1655.
Portrait of Innocent X, by Diego Velázquez, 1650
Guido Reni's archangel Michael (Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, Rome) tramples a Satan with the vividly recognizable features of Pope Innocent X.
Bronze statue of Innocent X from 1645 to 1649, by Alessandro Algardi.
The House of Pamphili was one of the papal families deeply entrenched in Catholic Church, Roman and Italian politics of the 16th and 17th centuries.
The Palazzo Pamphili in Rome