Pope Innocent XII
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Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 until his death in September 1700.
Portrait by Antonio Zanchi, c. 1691-99
Innocent XII, 1695.
The tomb and monument to Innocent XII in Saint Peter's Basilica.
Pope Alexander VIII
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Pope Alexander VIII, born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is the most recent pope to take the
Pope Innocent XII
…nepotism in the Church, continuing the policies of Pope Innocent XI, who started the battle against nepotism but which did not gain traction under Pope Alexander VIII. To that end, he issued a papal bull strictly forbidding it. The pope also used this bull to ensure that no revenue or land could be bestowed on…
Portrait, c. 1689–1691
Portrait of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni by Ludovico Dorigny (before 1689, Museo antoniano, Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua)
Pope Alexander VIII depicted on a gold quadruple Italian scudo from 1689. Saints Peter and Paul on the reverse. Engraved by Antonio Travani, a goldsmith and medalist in Rome.
The tomb of Alexander VIII in Saint Peter's Basilica.