Porcupine ray
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The porcupine ray is a rare species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. This bottom-dweller is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off West Africa. It favors sand, coral rubble, a
Early pictures of a porcupine ray by Nelson Annandale
Porcupine ray partly covered in sand, in Lakshadweep, India
Distinctive traits of the porcupine ray include its thick, rounded shape, and dorsal covering of sharp thorns.
Indo-Pacific
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The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the we
Biogeographic regionalizations that were tested using model selection with analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) by Crandall et al. 2019. Colours represent different regions within a scheme.