1.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
2.
Oregon
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Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, the Columbia River delineates much of Oregons northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14,1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles, Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, the capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 164,549 residents. Portland is Oregons most populous city, with 632,309 residents, Portlands metro population of 2,389,228 ranks the 23rd largest metro in the nation. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the states most densely populated area, the tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregons rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers, stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11,249 feet, Mount Hood is the states highest point, Oregons only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae. Because of its landscapes and waterways, Oregons economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing. It is also the top timber-producer of the lower 48 states, Technology is another one of the states major economic forces, which began in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, is the states largest public corporation with a revenue of $30.6 billion. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins and this chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the part of the region. Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain, the term referred to the then-mythical River of the West. By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon, in his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote, The rout. is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Community college
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A community college is a type of educational institution. In Australia, the community college refers to small private businesses running short courses generally of a self-improvement or hobbyist nature. Equivalent to the American notion of community colleges are Tertiary And Further Education colleges or TAFEs, there are also an increasing number of private providers, which are colloquially called colleges. Most Australian universities can also be traced back to such forerunners, in TAFEs and colleges today, courses are designed for personal development of an individual and/or for employment outcomes. A Certificate I may only run for 4 hours twice a week for a term of 9 weeks, a full-time Diploma course might have classes 4 days per week for a year. Some courses may be offered in the evenings or weekends to accommodate people working full-time, funding for colleges may come from government grants and course fees, and many are not-for-profit organisations. There are located in metropolitan, regional and rural locations of Australia, learning offered by TAFEs and colleges has changed over the years. By the 1980s many colleges had recognised a community need for computer training, TAFEs and colleges have not traditionally offered bachelors degrees, instead providing pathway arrangements with universities to continue towards degrees. The American innovation of the degree is emerging at some institutions. Certificate courses I to IV, diplomas and advanced diplomas are typically offered, recently, some TAFE institutes have also become higher education providers in their own right and are now starting to offer bachelors degrees programs. In Canada, community colleges are adult educational institutions that provide education and tertiary education. Each province has its own system, as prescribed by the Canadian federalism model of governance. A formative trend was the merging of the then separate vocational training, Canadian colleges are either publicly funded or private post-secondary institutions. There are 150 institutions that are equivalent to the US community college in certain contexts. They are usually referred to simply as colleges since in common usage a degree-granting institution is almost exclusively a university, University degrees are usually attained through four years of study. The term associate degree is used in western Canada to refer to a two-year college arts or science degree, in other parts of Canada the term advanced degree is used to indicate a 3- or 4-year college program. In the province of Quebec, three years is the norm for a university degree because a year of credit is earned in the CEGEP system, the word College can also refer to a private High School in Quebec. The courses offered by these colleges are diplomas, advance diplomas, the duration of these courses usually ranges from six months to two years
5.
Multnomah County, Oregon
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Multnomah County /məltˈnoʊmə/ is one of 36 counties in the U. S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 735,334. Its county seat, Portland, is the states largest city, Multnomah County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and though smallest in area, it is the states most populous county. Multnomah County was created on December 22,1854, formed out of two other Oregon counties – the eastern part of Washington County and the part of Clackamas County. County commissioners met for the first time on January 17,1855, the county is named after the Chinook word for the lower river, Multnomah and Matlnomaq being alternative, interpretive English spellings of the same word. In Chinook Jargon, Ne-matlnomaq, means the place of matlnomaq or the Ne-matlnomag, the explorer William Clark wrote in his Journal, I entered this river. called Multnomah. from a nation who reside on Wappato Island, a little below the enterence. Note that Clark refers to Sauvies Island as Wappato Island and the lower Willamette River as Multnomah, simply put, Multnomah or down river is the shortened form of nematlnomaq, meaning the down river. Vanport, built north of Portland in 1943 to house workers for Kaiser Shipyards, was destroyed by a five years later. The 1968 voters pamphlet noted that Multnomah County would be the county in Oregon affected by the measure. Since the approval of Measure 5 in 1968, an initiative to merge the county with Portland has been considered and placed on the county several times. The merger would have formed a consolidated city-county government like that of San Francisco, none of these proposals has been approved. In the 2000 presidential election, Multnomah played a role in determining the winner of the states electoral votes. Al Gore carried the county by more than 104,000 votes, enough to offset the nearly 100, the Democratic tilt was repeated in 2004, when John Kerry won by 181,000 votes, and in 2008 when Barack Obama won by 204,000 votes. The US Supreme Court ultimately decided in 2003 that the law was constitutional in US v. ALA, however, the library chose to turn down $104,000 per year of federal funding under CIPA to be able to continue to offer unfiltered Internet access. Multnomah County was one of the few governments in Oregon to approve such a tax increase. Her announcement was supported by three commissioners, but criticized by Lonnie Roberts, who represents the eastern part of Multnomah county and was left out of the decision. Within a few days, several groups joined to file a lawsuit to halt the countys action, but after that, Linn and the three commissioners developed a public feud, with the latter becoming known as the mean girls. The county government has faced significant budget issues, including not being able to open the Wapato Corrections Facility since it was built in 2003
6.
Washington County, Oregon
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Washington County is one of 36 counties in the U. S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 529,710, the county seat and largest city is Hillsboro. Washington County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area, cities in Washington County include Hillsboro, Beaverton, Tigard, and Forest Grove, the countys oldest city. Originally named Twality when created in 1843, the legislature renamed it for the first president of the United States, George Washington. The original boundaries included the entire northwest corner of Oregon before sections became new counties, the Tualatin River and its drainage basin are almost entirely within the county, with the county nearly coterminous with the Tualatin Valley. It is bordered on the west and north by the Northern Oregon Coast Range, on the south by the Chehalem Mountains, and on the north and east by the Tualatin Mountains. The countys major roads include small sections of Interstate 5 and Interstate 205, the Sunset Highway, Oregon Route 217, Oregon Route 47, Oregon Route 10, Oregon Route 6, and Oregon Route 8. Public transportation is operated by TriMet and includes buses, the Westside Express Service commuter rail. Other transportation includes air travel at the Hillsboro Airport, private airfields and heliports, the Provisional Legislature of Oregon created the county as Twality District on July 5,1843. Twality was one of the four districts of the Provisional Government of Oregon in Oregon Country along with Clackamas, Champooick. Columbia, later known as Hillsboro, was selected as the county seat in 1850, Washington County obtained its present boundaries in 1854 with the creation of Columbia County to the north and Multnomah County to the east. The construction of Canyon Road to Beaverton helped Portland to consolidate its position as the port of Oregon. In November 2004, the County and the City of Beaverton agreed to a plan where the city would annex both unincorporated residential neighborhoods as well as areas of land. This would result with Cedar Hills, Garden Home, Raleigh Hills, West Slope being incorporated by 2010, and the communities of Aloha, Bethany, and Cedar Mill at some point after that. Those plans have since put on hold after Beaverton attempted to forcibly annex Nike, Inc. s World Headquarters. Nike successfully lobbied the legislature for a law that would prohibit their annexation for 99 years, since that decision, annexation plans have been halted, and Washington County started urban planning to provide city-level services to the unincorporated urban areas in the county. On January 1,2014,160 acres of Multnomah County in the Bethany area transferred to Washington County, the area had originally been split off from Washington County when Multnomah County was created, and was transferred back to allow for development of the property. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 726 square miles
7.
Yamhill County, Oregon
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Yamhill County is a county in the U. S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 99,193, the names origin is probably an explorers name for a local Native American tribe, the Yamhill, who are part of the North Kalapuyan family. Yamhill County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and it is in the Willamette Valley. The earliest known inhabitants of the area were the Yamhill Indians and they are one of the tribes incorporated into the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. In 1857 they were forced to migrate to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation created in Oregons Coastal Range two years earlier, the earliest non-native settlers were employees of the various fur companies operating in Oregon Country, who started settling there around 1814. But it was the establishment of the Oregon Trail that led to significant migration to the area, Yamhill District was created on July 5,1843, five years before the Oregon Territory was established. It was one of the four districts created by Oregons first Provisional Legislature, along with Twality, Clackamas. The district was originally over 12,000 square miles, an area that was broken up into twelve present-day counties, Lafayette, the principal trading center of the western Willamette Valley in early Oregon history, was made the county seat in 1847. The county government was moved to McMinnville where it remains today. The Mount Hebo Air Force Station was a Cold War air defense installation from 1956 to 1980, the large radomes protecting the radars from adverse weather effects could be seen silhouetted against the sky from many parts of Yamhill County. In 1900 a Yamhill River lock and dam lock and dam was completed about 1.5 miles downriver from Lafayette, the lock was decommissioned in 1954. The dam was destroyed in 1963 to allow better passage for salmon on the river. The site of the lock and dam is now a county park, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 718 square miles, of which 716 square miles is land and 2.5 square miles is water. It is the fifth-smallest county in Oregon by area, the tallest mountain in the county is Trask Mountain in the northwest corner of the county. The population density was 119 people per square mile, there were 30,270 housing units at an average density of 42 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county is 88. 98% White,1. 47% Native American,1. 07% Asian,0. 85% Black or African American,0. 12% Pacific Islander,5. 08% from other races, and 2. 42% from two or more races. 10. 61% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,19. 6% were of German,11. 4% English,9. 5% American and 8. 4% Irish ancestry. 19. 70% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.17
8.
Clackamas County, Oregon
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Clackamas County /ˈklækəmᵻs/ is a county in the U. S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 375,992 and its county seat is Oregon City. The county was named after the Native Americans living in the area, the Clackamas Indians, Clackamas County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Willamette Valley, originally named Clackamas District, it was one of the four original Oregon districts created by Oregons Provisional Legislature on July 5,1843 along with Twality, Champooick, and Yamhill. The four districts were redesignated as counties in 1845, at the time of its creation, Clackamas County covered portions of four present-day U. S. states and a Canadian province. The Columbia River became the boundary of the county in 1844. Soon after John McLoughlin staked a claim in Oregon City. Oregon City was also the site of the federal court west of the Rockies in 1849. The plat was filed in 1850 in the first plat book of the first office of records in the West Coast and is still in Oregon City, in 1902, the Willamette Meteorite was recovered from a field just outside present-day West Linn. As of August 2005, Clackamas is the first county in Oregon to have four models of governance for its communities, like the rest of Oregon, it has cities and rural communities. After completion of a process began late in 1999, the county adopted an ordinance on August 11,2005 which defined hamlets. By the November 30,2005 deadline, three communities had submitted petitions to start the process of becoming one, boring petitioned to become a village, but the application was rejected in a town hall referendum in August 2006. The communities along US26 near Mount Hood from Brightwood to Rhododendron petitioned to become The Villages at Mount Hood, Beavercreek petitioned to become a hamlet, and was officially recognized as such in September 2006. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,883 square miles. The county includes parts of two forests, Mount Hood National Forest and Willamette National Forest. The population density was 181 people per square mile, there were 136,954 housing units at an average density of 73 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 91. 27% White,2. 45% Asian,0. 71% Native American,0. 66% Black or African American,0. 17% Pacific Islander,2. 28% from other races, and 2. 46% from two or more races. 4. 95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,20. 7% were of German,11. 6% English,9. 1% Irish and 7. 5% American ancestry
