Portugal in the Middle Ages
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The Kingdom of Portugal was established from the county of Portugal in the 1130s, ruled by the Portuguese House of Burgundy. During most of the 12th and 13th centuries, its history is chiefly that of
King Denis I of Portugal
Ferdinand I of Portugal
João I
A depiction of the Battle of Aljubarrota
Manifestis Probatum
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Manifestis Probatum is a great papal bull and the founding document of Portugal. Promulgated on 23 May 1179 by Pope Alexander III, the bull officially recognized the independence of Portugal from the
The papal bull Manifestis Probatum, now at the Torre do Tombo National Archive in Lisbon.
