1.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
2.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
3.
Garage rock
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Garage rock is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage. The style, a precursor to rock, is characterized by aggressive and unsophisticated lyrics and delivery. In the US and Canada, surf rock—and later the Beatles, hundreds of acts produced regional hits, and some had national hits. Though largely associated with North America, counterparts were present elsewhere as part of the beat boom of the era. As critics of the period began to prescribe a scope for genre, they used the term punk rock. Garage rock has experienced various revivals in the years and continues to influence acts who prefer a back to basics. In the early- to mid-1980s, several garage revival scenes sprung up featuring acts that consciously attempted to replicate the look, in the 2000s, a wave of garage rock revival acts associated with the post-punk revival emerged, and a handful achieved airplay and commercial success. The term garage rock comes from the perception that its performers were young and amateurish, while numerous bands were made up of middle-class teenagers from the suburbs, others were from rural or urban areas or were composed of professional musicians in their twenties. The term garage band often refers to acts in this genre. Garage bands performed in a variety of venues, less-established groups typically played at parties, school dances, and teen clubs. For acts of legal age, bars, nightclubs, and college fraternity socials also provided regular engagements, occasionally, local groups had the opportunity to open at shows for famous touring acts. Some garage rock bands went on tour, particularly better-known acts, groups often competed in battles of the bands, which gave musicians an opportunity to gain exposure and a chance to win a prize, such as free recording time in a local studio. Battles of the bands were held, locally, regionally and nationally, and two of the most prestigious contests were held annually by the Tea Council of the U. S. A. and the Music Circus. Performances often sounded amateurish, naïve or intentionally raw, with typical themes revolving around the traumas of high school life, instrumentation was characterized by electric guitars often distorted through a fuzzbox, teamed with bass and drums. Guitarists sometimes played using aggressive-sounding bar chord riffs, sometimes referred to as power chords, organs such as the Farfisa were commonly used as well as mouth harmonicas or hand-held percussion such as tambourines. Occasionally, the tempo sped up in certain passages, sometimes referred to as raveups, Garage rock acts were diverse in both musical ability and in style, ranging from crude two- and three-chord music to near-studio musician quality. There were also variations in flourishing scenes, such as in California
4.
Beat music
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Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat is a pop and rock music genre that developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1960s. Beat music is a fusion of rock and roll, doo-wop, skiffle, the exact origins of the terms beat music and Merseybeat are uncertain. The name Mersey Beat was used for a Liverpool music magazine founded in 1961 by Bill Harry, Harry claims to have coined the term based on a policemans beat and not that of the music. The band the Pacifics were renamed the Mersey Beats in February 1962 by Bob Wooler, MC at the Cavern Club, the equivalent scenes in Birmingham and London were described as Brum beat and the Tottenham Sound respectively. The most distinctive characteristic of the music was the beat, using the backbeat common to rock and roll and rhythm and blues. The 8/8 rhythm was flexible enough to be adopted for songs from a range of genres and this flexibility also meant that beat music could cope with a greater range of time-signatures and song shapes than rock & roll had been able to. Beat groups usually had simple guitar-dominated line-ups, with vocal harmonies, the most common instrumentation of beat groups featured lead, rhythm and bass guitars plus drums, as popularized by the Beatles, the Searchers, and others. Beat groups—even those with a separate lead singer—often sang both verses and choruses in harmony, resembling doo wop, with nonsense syllables in the backing vocals. In the late 1950s, a culture of groups began to emerge, often out of the declining skiffle scene, in major urban centres in the UK like Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham. This was particularly true in Liverpool, where it has estimated that there were around 350 different bands active, often playing ballrooms, concert halls. Liverpool was perhaps uniquely placed within Britain to be the point of origin of a new form of music. It was also a port with links to America, which made for much greater access to American records and instruments like guitars. As a result, Beat bands were influenced by American groups of the era, such as Buddy Holly and the Crickets. Outside of Liverpool many local scenes were influenced by rock and roll and more by the rhythm and blues. These included bands from Birmingham who were grouped with the beat movement, the most successful being the Spencer Davis Group. Similar blues influenced bands who broke out from local scenes to national prominence were the Animals from Newcastle, the term British Invasion was coined by T. V. reporter Walter Cronkite to describe the Beatles arrival in the United States and the outbreak of Beatlemania in 1964. Their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show soon after led to chart success, by 1967 beat music was beginning to sound out of date, particularly compared with the harder edged blues rock that was beginning to emerge. Most of the groups that had not already disbanded, like the Beatles, moved into different forms of music and pop music, including psychedelic rock
5.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
6.
Electric guitar
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The vibrations of the strings are sensed by a pickup, of which the most common type is the magnetic pickup, which uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction. The signal generated by a guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is plugged into a guitar amplifier before being sent to a loudspeaker. The output of a guitar is an electric signal. Invented in 1931, the electric guitar was adopted by jazz guitarists. Early proponents of the guitar on record included Les Paul, Lonnie Johnson, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, T-Bone Walker. During the 1950s and 1960s, the guitar became the most important instrument in pop music. It has evolved into an instrument that is capable of a multitude of sounds and styles in genres ranging from pop and rock to country music, blues and jazz. It served as a component in the development of electric blues, rock and roll, rock music, heavy metal music. Electric guitar design and construction vary greatly in the shape of the body and the configuration of the neck, bridge, Guitars may have a fixed bridge or a spring-loaded hinged bridge that lets players bend the pitch of notes or chords up or down or perform vibrato effects. The sound of a guitar can be modified by new playing techniques such as string bending, tapping, hammering on, using audio feedback, in a small group, such as a power trio, one guitarist switches between both roles. In larger rock and metal bands, there is often a rhythm guitarist, many experiments at electrically amplifying the vibrations of a string instrument were made dating back to the early part of the 20th century. Patents from the 1910s show telephone transmitters were adapted and placed inside violins, hobbyists in the 1920s used carbon button microphones attached to the bridge, however, these detected vibration from the bridge on top of the instrument, resulting in a weak signal. With numerous people experimenting with electrical instruments in the 1920s and early 1930s, Electric guitars were originally designed by acoustic guitar makers and instrument manufacturers. Some of the earliest electric guitars adapted hollow-bodied acoustic instruments and used tungsten pickups, the first electrically amplified guitar was designed in 1931 by George Beauchamp, the general manager of the National Guitar Corporation, with Paul Barth, who was vice president. The maple body prototype for the one-piece cast aluminum frying pan was built by Harry Watson, commercial production began in late summer of 1932 by the Ro-Pat-In Corporation, in Los Angeles, a partnership of Beauchamp, Adolph Rickenbacker, and Paul Barth. In 1934, the company was renamed the Rickenbacker Electro Stringed Instrument Company, in that year Beauchamp applied for a United States patent for an Electrical Stringed Musical Instrument and the patent was issued in 1937. The Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts provided players a full 25 scale, with 17 frets free of the fretboard and it is estimated that fewer than 50 Electro-Spanish Ken Roberts were constructed between 1933 and 1937, fewer than 10 are known to survive today. The need for the guitar became apparent during the big band era as orchestras increased in size, particularly when acoustic guitars had to compete with large
7.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
8.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
9.
Britpop
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The most successful bands associated with the movement are Oasis, Blur, Suede and Pulp, those groups would come to be known as its big four. The timespan of Britpop is generally considered to be 1993-1997, with 1994-1995, an influence they shared in particular was the Smiths. These bands were joined by others including Oasis, Pulp, The Verve, Supergrass, Cast, Placebo, Space, Sleeper. Britpop groups brought British alternative rock into the mainstream and formed the backbone of a larger British cultural movement called Cool Britannia, the Battle of Britpop brought Britpop to the forefront of the British press in 1995. By 1997, however, the movement began to slow down, many began to falter. The popularity of the pop group the Spice Girls snatched the spirit of the age from those responsible for Britpop. Although its more popular bands were able to spread their commercial success overseas, especially to the United States, the movement largely fell apart by the end of the decade. Britpop bands show elements from the British pop music of the Sixties, glam rock and punk rock of the Seventies, and indie pop of the Eighties in their music, attitude, and clothing. Specific influences vary, Blur and Oasis drew from the Kinks, regardless, Britpop artists project a sense of reverence for British pop sounds of the past. Alternative rock acts from the scene of the Eighties and early Nineties were the direct ancestors of the Britpop movement. The influence of the Smiths is common to the majority of Britpop artists, local identity and regional British accents are common to Britpop groups, as well as references to British places and culture in lyrics and image. Stylistically, Britpop bands use catchy hooks and lyrics that were relevant to young British people of their own generation, Britpop bands conversely denounced grunge as irrelevant and having nothing to say about their lives. Damon Albarn of Blur summed up the attitude in 1993 when after being asked if Blur were a band he said, Well. If punk was about getting rid of hippies, then Im getting rid of grunge, in spite of the professed disdain for the genres, some elements of both crept into the more enduring facets of Britpop. The imagery associated with Britpop was equally British and working class, a rise in unabashed maleness, exemplified by Loaded magazine and lad culture in general, would be very much part of the Britpop era. The emphasis on British reference points made it difficult for the genre to achieve success in the US, journalist John Harris has suggested that Britpop began when Blurs single Popscene and Suedes The Drowners were released around the same time in the spring of 1992. He stated, f Britpop started anywhere, it was the deluge of acclaim that greeted Suedes first records, all of them audacious, successful and very, very British. Suede were the first of the new crop of guitar-orientated bands to be embraced by the UK music media as Britains answer to Seattles grunge sound and their debut album Suede became the fastest-selling debut album in the history of the UK
10.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
11.
Pop punk
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Pop punk is a punk rock music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of punk rock with elements of pop music. Pop punk typically combines fast punk rock tempos, power chord changes and loud, distorted guitars with pop-influenced melodies. Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a style that was stylistically similar to power pop. By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s. Pop punk particularly thrived in California, where independent record labels adopted a do it approach to releasing music. By the mid-1990s, a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive radio and television airplay. By 1994, pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity, the late 1990s, exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182s Enema of the State, represented the genres mainstream peak, although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s. In the mid-2000s, emo pop, a genre combining emo and pop punk. By the end of the 2000s, the pop sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity. Pop punk typically merges upbeat pop melodies with catchy hooks, catchy choruses, harmonies, speedy tempos, punk rock power chord changes and loud, distorted electric guitars. About. com has described second-wave pop punk bands as having a radio friendly sheen to their music, club, pop punk often pits sweet harmonies against bratty, rowdy riffs. Lyrical topics that are common in pop punk include love, lust, drunkenness, adolescence, cartoonish violence, some pop punk lyrics focus on jokes and humor. Some pop punk music features elements of rock, power pop. According to Ryan Cooper of About. com, pop punk is a style that more to the Beatles. It is not clear when the pop punk was first used. Protopunk and power pop bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped lay the groundwork for the pop punk sound, the Beatles, the Kinks and the Beach Boys all paved the way for pop punk. With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones loud and fast melodic minimalism differentiated them from other bands in New York Citys budding art rock scene, but pop punk was not considered a separate subgenre until later. An early use of the pop punk appeared in a 1977 New York Times article, Cabaret
12.
Pub rock (United Kingdom)
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Pub rock is a rock music genre that was developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United Kingdom. A back-to-basics movement, pub rock was a reaction against progressive, although short-lived, pub rock was notable for rejecting stadium venues and for returning live rock to the small pubs and clubs of its early years. It was the catalyst for the British punk rock scene, Pub rock was deliberately nasty, dirty and post-glam. Dress style was based around denim and plaid shirts, tatty jeans, the figureheads of the movement, Dr. Feelgood, were noted for their frontman’s filthy white suit. Bands looked menacing and threatening, like villains on The Sweeney, according to David Hepworth, Dr Feelgood looked as if they had come together in some unsavoury section of the army. Pub rock groups disdained any form of flash, scene leaders like Dr. Lesser acts played funky soul or country rock. The scene was primarily a live phenomenon, during the peak years of 1972 to 1975, there was just one solitary Top 20 single, and all the bands combined sold less than an estimated 150,000 albums. Many acts suffered in the transition from pub to studio and were unable to recapture their sound, the genre’s primary characteristic is, as the name suggests, the pub. By championing smaller venues, the bands reinvigorated a local scene that had dwindled since the 1960s as bands priced themselves into big theatres. New aspiring bands could now find venues to play without needing to have a company behind them. Pub Rock was primarily restricted to Greater London with some overspill into Essex, although the belt in Scotland also produced local bands such as The Cheetahs. American country-rock band Eggs over Easy were the precursors of the movement when they broke the jazz-only policy of the Tally Ho pub in Kentish Town and they were impressive enough to inspire local musicians such as Nick Lowe. Most of the venues were in large Victorian pubs north of Regents Park where there were plenty of suitable pubs, one of the most notable venues was the Hope and Anchor pub on Islingtons Upper Street, still a venue. Out of London, venues included the Dagenham Roundhouse, the Grand in Leigh on Sea and this network of venues later formed a ready-made launch pad for the punk scene. In 1974, pub rock was the hottest scene in London, at that point it seemed that nearly every large pub in London was supplying live music, along with hot snacks and the occasional stripper. The figureheads were Essex-based R&B outfit Dr. Feelgood, by Autumn 1975, they were joined by acts such as The Stranglers, Roogalator, Eddie and the Hot Rods, Kilburn and the High Roads, and Joe Strummers 101ers. Pub rock was rapidly overtaken by the UK punk explosion after spawning what are now seen as several proto-punk bands, some artists were able to make the transition by jumping ship to new outfits, notably Joe Strummer, Ian Dury and Elvis Costello. A few stalwarts were later able to realise Top 40 chart success, many of the actual pubs themselves survived as punk venues, but a range of notable pubs such as the George Robey and the Pied Bull have since been closed or demolished
13.
Mod revival
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The mod revival was a music genre and subculture that started in England in 1978 and later spread to other countries. The mod revivals mainstream popularity was short, although its influence has lasted for decades. The mod revival post-dated a Teddy Boy revival, and mod revivalists sometimes clashed with Teddy Boy revivalists, skinhead revivalists, casuals, punks and rival gang members. The late 1970s mod revival was led by the band The Jam, the mod revival was a conscious effort to harken back to an earlier generation in terms of style. In the early 1980s in the UK, a mod revival scene influenced by the original 1960s mod subculture developed. The revival was spurred on by the band The Jam. Their debut album In the City, mixed R&B standards with originals modelled on The Whos early singles and they confirmed their status as the leading mod revival band with their third album All Mod Cons, on which Paul Wellers song-writing drew heavily on the British-focused narratives of the Kinks. In 1979, the film Quadrophenia, which romanticised the original 1960s mod subculture, widened the impact, the original mod revival fanzine, Maximum Speed started in 1979 and spawned other home-produced fanzines from then until the mid-to-late 1980s. These acts managed to develop cult followings and some had pop hits, more RnB based bands such as The Little Roosters, The Inmates, Nine Below Zero also became key acts in the growing mod revival scene in London. Other Another British tradition that returned at the time was the penchant for members of youth subcultures to go to seaside resorts on bank holidays. This originated in the early 1960s with the mods and rockers fighting each other at such as Brighton. The phenomenon returned in 1969 through to 1970 with skinheads fighting Teddy boys, in 1977 it returned yet again, with punks fighting Teddy Boys at Margate, and revival skinheads fighting Teddy boys, bikers and rockers at Southend and Margate. In 1979 and 1980, the resorts became major battlegrounds on bank holidays for young skinheads and mods together against Teddy boys, some of the main resorts involved were Margate, Brighton, Southend, Clacton, Hastings and Scarborough. Paul Weller broke up The Jam in 1982 and formed The Style Council, in the mid-1980s, there was a brief mod revival centered on bands such as The Prisoners, Makin Time and the Gents. Another main player in the 1980s UK mod revival was Eddie Piller, the UK mod revival was followed by a mod revival in North America in the early 1980s, particularly in Southern California, led by bands such as The Untouchables. Led the mod revival releasing their first album Mudança de comportamento in 1985 on the WEA label and their 1986 followup Vivendo e não aprendendo further established them as leaders of the mod revival in Brazil. They quickly achieved Gold Album status in sales of Vivendo e não aprendendo, bands associated with Britpop in the mid-1990s often championed aspects of Mod culture. A number of 1970s mod revival bands have reunited in recent years to play concerts, including Secret Affair, the Chords and the Purple Hearts
14.
Blues
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Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
15.
John M. Borack
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John M. Borack is a music critic and musician from the U. S. state of California. Boracks reviews, columns and feature articles have appeared in such as Goldmine, Amplifier, The Garden Grove Journal, Audities. He also penned the extensive notes for Rhino Records Poptopia, in 2008, Not Lame Recordings published Johns first book, Shake Some Action, The Ultimate Power Pop Guide, which quickly sold out four small pressings. He is currently at work on a follow up, Power Pop 360,2010 will also see publication of his book John Lennon, Life Is What Happens. John will also celebrate his 25th year as a writer for Goldmine in 2010. Borack played drums with pop-rocker Kenny Howes for several years, and for the Barry Holdship Four, Receiver and The Dons, John also currently drums with his band The Popdudes, an almost anything goes cover band whose unofficial motto is Maximum Rock Stupidity. A Popdudes full-length release is tentatively scheduled
16.
Britney Spears
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Britney Jean Spears is an American singer, dancer, and actress. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions, Spearss first and second studio albums. Baby One More Time and Oops. I Did It Again, became international successes, with the former becoming the album by a teenage solo artist. Title tracks. Baby One More Time and Oops, I Did It Again broke international sales records. In 2001, Spears released her third studio album, Britney. She assumed creative control of her studio album, In the Zone. In 2007, Spearss much-publicized personal issues sent her career into hiatus and her fifth studio album, Blackout, was released later that year, and spawned singles such as Gimme More and Piece of Me. Her erratic behavior and hospitalizations continued through the year, at which point she was placed under a still ongoing conservatorship. Spearss sixth studio album, Circus, included the international chart-topping single Womanizer and her seventh studio album, Femme Fatale, became her first to yield three top-ten singles in the United States. She released her studio album Britney Jean in 2013. Later that year, Spears began the four-year residency show, Britney, Piece of Me, in 2016, Spears released her ninth studio album, Glory. Spears is regarded as a pop icon and credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and she became the best-selling teenage artist of all time and garnered honorific titles including the Princess of Pop. In 2009, Billboard ranked her as the 8th overall Artist of the Decade, the Recording Industry Association of America lists Spears as the eighth top-selling female artist in the United States, with 34 million certified albums. She has sold 100 million albums and over 100 million singles worldwide making her one of the music artists of all time. According to Billboard Spears has sold about 22.38 million singles in digital downloads in US and is the fourth best-selling female artist since Nielsen SoundScan began. Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid musician of 2012, with earnings of $58 million. Spears was born in McComb, Mississippi, the child of Lynne Irene Bridges and James Parnell Spears. Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English, and one of Spearss maternal great-great-grandfathers was Maltese and her siblings are Bryan James and Jamie Lynn
17.
Green Day
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Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool. Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016. Green Day was originally part of the scene at the DIY924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley. The bands early releases were with the independent record label Lookout, in 1994, its major label debut Dookie became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U. S. The bands rock opera, American Idiot, reignited the bands popularity with a younger generation, the bands eighth studio album, 21st Century Breakdown, was released in 2009 and achieved the bands best chart performance to date. 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡Uno, ¡Dos. and ¡Tré. which were released in September, November and December 2012 respectively. The bands twelfth album, Revolution Radio was released on October 7,2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide, in 2010, a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards, Best Musical, Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design, losing only the first, also in 2010, Green Day was ranked no.91 in the VH1 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. On April 18,2015, the band was inducted into the Rock, in 1986, friends Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt,14 years old at the time, formed a band called Sweet Children. The groups first live performance took place on October 17,1987, at Rods Hickory Pit in Vallejo, in 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as Al Sobrante. As said in the film Punks Not Dead, Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy as an influence. In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout, Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In 1989, the band recorded its debut extended play,1,000 Hours, before 1,000 Hours was released, the group dropped the name Sweet Children, according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby. The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the fondness for cannabis. Released Green Days debut studio album, 39/Smooth in early 1990, Records re-released 39/Smooth under the name 1, 039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, and added the songs from the bands first two EPs, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours. In late 1990, shortly after the bands first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California
18.
Bay City Rollers
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The Bay City Rollers are a Scottish pop band whose popularity was highest in the mid 1970s. For a relatively brief, but fervent period, they were worldwide teen idols, in 1966 bassist Alan Longmuir, his younger brother, drummer Derek Longmuir and their schoolfriend, lead singer Gordon Nobby Clark, founded The Saxons in Edinburgh, Scotland. Soon after, they changed to The Bay City Rollers by throwing a dart at a map of the United States, the Bay City Rollers first manager was Tam Paton, himself a former big band leader. Short-term members from this period included bassist David Paton and keyboardist Billy Lyall, after signing with Bell Records, the bands first hit was Keep On Dancing, a cover of a 1965 hit by The Gentrys, recorded with record producer Jonathan King. Clark was backed on vocals on Keep On Dancing by King, upon this releases success, they made appearances on BBC Ones Top of the Pops. The group then won a Radio Luxembourg-sponsored song contest with the tune Mañana, several non-charting singles were released over the following two years. This period saw the addition of long term member guitarist Eric Faulkner, by the end of 1973, Clark had become disillusioned with the bands musical direction and decided to leave just when his recording of Remember zoomed up the charts to No.6. He was replaced as lead singer by Les McKeown, a couple of months later, in early 1974, what became known as the classic line-up was completed when guitarist John Devine was replaced by Stuart Woody Wood. In late 1973 McKeown recorded lead vocals on Remember, and a lead-in to a series of UK chart hits, the successful Classic Five line up consisted of Alan Longmuir, Derek Longmuir, Stuart Woody Wood, Eric Faulkner and Les McKeown. Beginning with Remember, the Rollers popularity exploded, and they released a string of hits on the UK chart, following in succession were Shang-a-Lang, Summerlove Sensation, and All of Me Loves All of You. By early 1975, they were one of the acts in the UK. That year saw a successful UK tour, which prompted newspaper headlines about the rise of Rollermania, the Rollers were the subject of a 20-week UK television series, Shang-a-Lang. A cover of the Four Seasons Bye, Bye, Baby stayed at No.1 hit, two full-length LPs were produced during this period, Once Upon a Star and Wouldnt You Like It. Faulkner and Wood undertook the majority of the songwriting duties, by this time, Bay City Roller fans had a completely distinctive style of dress, the main elements of which were calf-length tartan trousers and tartan scarves. English singer-songwriter Nick Lowe wrote a paean to the band titled Bay City Rollers We Love You. The track was carefully sculpted to be enough to get Lowe out of a recording contract with United Artists. UA issued the record as by The Tartan Horde, which was the given to Rollers fans in England. Lowe was obliged to record a song called Rollers Show
19.
Def Leppard
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Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield as part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement. Since 1992, the band has consisted of Joe Elliott, Rick Savage, Rick Allen, Phil Collen and this is the bands longest-standing line-up. The bands strongest commercial success came between the early 1980s and the early 1990s, the bands next studio album, Pyromania in January 1983, with Photograph and Rock of Ages as the lead singles, turned Def Leppard into a household name. In the U. S. Pyromania was certified diamond, in 2003, the album ranked number 384 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Def Leppards fourth album Hysteria, released in 1987, topped the UK and U. S. album charts. As of 2009, it has reached beyond the success of Pyromania, having been certified 12× platinum for sales of over 12 million in the U. S. and has gone on to sell over 25 million copies worldwide. The album spawned seven hit singles, including the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 number one Love Bites, alongside Pour Some Sugar on Me, Hysteria, Armageddon It, Animal, Rocket, and Women. Their next studio album, Adrenalize, reached number one in the UK and U. S. charts in 1992, and contained several hits, including Lets Get Rocked and Have You Ever Needed Someone So Bad. Their 1993 album, Retro Active, contained the hit song Two Steps Behind, while their greatest-hits album Vault, released in 1995. As one of the worlds best-selling music artists, Def Leppard have sold more than 100 million records worldwide and they are one of only five rock bands with two original studio albums selling over 10 million copies in the U. S. The band were ranked No.31 in VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock, Rick Savage, Tony Kenning, and Pete Willis, all students at Tapton School in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, formed a band called Atomic Mass in 1977. The band originally consisted of Willis on guitar, Savage on bass, only 18 at the time, Joe Elliott tried out for the band as a guitarist following a chance meeting with Willis after missing a bus, in November 1977. During his audition it was decided that he was suited to be the lead singer. Their first ever gig was in the hall in A Block in Westfield School in Mosborough. The band adopted a name proposed by Elliott, Deaf Leopard, at Kennings suggestion, the spelling was slightly modified in order to make the name seem less like that of a punk band. In January 1978, Steve Clark joined the band, according to Elliott, he successfully auditioned for the band by playing Lynyrd Skynyrds Free Bird in its entirety. In November, just prior to recording sessions for what would be a three-song release known as The Def Leppard E. P, Kenning abruptly left the band, he would later form the band Cairo. He was replaced for those sessions by Frank Noon, by the end of the month, Rick Allen, then only 15 years old, had joined the band as its full-time drummer
20.
The Who
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The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows. The Who developed from a group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars. Their first single as the Who, I Cant Explain, reached the UK top ten, followed by a string of singles including My Generation, Substitute and Happy Jack. In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single I Can See for Miles, the groups fourth album, 1969s rock opera Tommy, included the single Pinball Wizard and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival, along with the live album Live at Leeds, with their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971s Whos Next, which included the hit Wont Get Fooled Again, the group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976, the release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after. Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity, releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia, after Townshend became weary of touring, the group split in 1982. The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985, a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and they resumed regular touring in 1999, with drummer Zak Starkey. After Entwistles death in 2002, plans for a new album were delayed, Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who, releasing Endless Wire in 2006, and continued to play live regularly. They are cited as an influence by rock, punk rock and mod bands. The founding members of the Who, Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend and John Entwistle, grew up in Acton, London and went to Acton County Grammar School. Townshend and Entwistle became friends in their year of Acton County. Both were interested in rock, and Townshend particularly admired Cliff Richards début single, Entwistle moved to guitar, but struggled with it due to his large fingers, and moved to bass on hearing the guitar work of Duane Eddy. He was unable to afford a bass and built one at home, after Acton County, Townshend attended Ealing Art College, a move he later described as profoundly influential on the course of the Who. Daltrey, who was in the year above, had moved to Acton from Shepherds Bush and he had trouble fitting in at the school, and discovered gangs and rock and roll
21.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
22.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
23.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
24.
The Byrds
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The Byrds /ˈbɜːrdz/ were an American rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. The band underwent multiple changes throughout its existence, with frontman Roger McGuinn remaining the sole consistent member. Initially, they pioneered the genre of folk rock, melding the influence of the Beatles and other British Invasion bands with contemporary. As the 1960s progressed, the band was influential in originating psychedelic rock, raga rock. The bands signature blend of clear harmony singing and McGuinns jangly twelve-string Rickenbacker guitar has continued to be influential on popular music up to the present day, among the bands most enduring songs are their cover versions of Bob Dylans Mr. Tambourine Man and Pete Seegers Turn. Turn. along with the originals, Ill Feel a Whole Lot Better, Eight Miles High, So You Want to Be a Rock n Roll Star, Ballad of Easy Rider. The original five-piece lineup of the Byrds consisted of Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Michael Clarke. However, this version of the band was relatively short-lived and by early 1966, Clark had left due to associated with anxiety. The Byrds continued as a quartet until late 1967, when Crosby, McGuinn and Hillman decided to recruit new members, including country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, but by late 1968, Hillman and Parsons had also exited the band. McGuinn disbanded the current lineup in early 1973, to make way for a reunion of the original quintet. The Byrds final album was released in March 1973, with the group disbanding soon afterwards. In the late 1980s, Gene Clark and Michael Clarke both began touring as the Byrds, prompting a legal challenge from McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman over the rights to the bands name. As a result of this, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman performed a series of concerts as the Byrds in 1989 and 1990. In January 1991, the Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman still remain active but Gene Clark died of a heart attack in May 1991, and Michael Clarke died of liver failure in December 1993. The nucleus of the Byrds formed in early 1964, when Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, All three musicians had a background rooted in folk music, with each one having worked as a folk singer on the acoustic coffeehouse circuit during the early 1960s. McGuinn had also spent time as a songwriter at the Brill Building in New York City. By early 1964, McGuinn had become enamored with the music of the Beatles, soon after, David Crosby introduced himself to the duo at The Troubadour and began harmonizing with them on some of their songs. Impressed by the blend of their voices, the three formed a trio and named themselves the Jet Set, a moniker inspired by McGuinns love of aeronautics
25.
British Invasion
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Pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Dave Clark Five, the Kinks, the Rolling Stones, Hermans Hermits, and the Animals were at the forefront of the invasion. The rebellious tone and image of US rock and roll and blues musicians became popular with British youth in the late 1950s, some observers have noted that US teenagers were growing tired of singles-oriented pop acts like Fabian. The Mods and Rockers, two gangs in mid-1960s Britain, also had an impact in British Invasion music. Bands with a Mod aesthetic became the most popular, but bands able to both were also successful. In October 1963, the first newspaper articles about the frenzy in England surrounding the group the Beatles appeared nationally in the US. The Beatles November 4 Royal Variety Performance in front of the Queen Mother sparked music industry, during November a number of major American print outlets and two network television evening programs published and broadcast stories on the phenomenon that became known as Beatlemania. On December 17 James had Miss Albert introduce I Want to Hold Your Hand live on the air, wWDCs phones lit up, and Washington, D. C. area record stores were flooded with requests for a record they did not have in stock. James sent the record to disc jockeys around the country sparking similar reaction. On December 26 Capitol Records released the three weeks ahead of schedule. The release of the record during a time when teenagers were on vacation helped spread Beatlemania in the US, on December 29 The Baltimore Sun, reflecting the dismissive view of most adults, editorialized, America had better take thought as to how it will deal with the invasion. Indeed a restrained Beatles go home might be just the thing, in the next year alone, the Beatles would have 30 different listings on the Hot 100. On January 3,1964, The Jack Paar Program ran Beatles concert footage licensed from the BBC as a joke, while this piece was largely forgotten, Beatles producer George Martin has said it aroused the kids curiosity. I Want to Hold Your Hand ascended to one on the January 25,1964, edition of Cash Box magazine. Two days later appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Nielsen Ratings estimated that 45 percent of US television viewers that night saw their appearance, according to Michael Ross, It is somewhat ironic that the biggest moment in the history of popular music was first experienced in the US as a television event. The Ed Sullivan Show had for some time been a comfortable hearth-and-slippers experience, not many of the 73 million viewers watching in February 1964 would fully understand what impact the band they were watching would have. The Beatles soon incited contrasting reactions and, in the process, generated more novelty records than anyone - at least 200 during their 1964-1965 takeover and many more later. Among the many reactions, favoring the hysteria, British girl group The Carefrees We Love You Beatles and, on Tuff Records, disapproving the pandemonium, American group the Four Preps A Letter to the Beatles and American comedian Allan Shermans Pop Hates the Beatles
26.
Mod (subculture)
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Mod is a subculture that began in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and spread, in varying degrees, to other countries and continues today on a smaller scale. Significant elements of the mod subculture include fashion, music, the original mod scene was associated with amphetamine-fuelled all-night dancing at clubs. In England during the early to mid 1960s, mods often engaged in brawls with rockers, in the mid-to-late 1960s, the conflicts between mods and rockers subsided, as several rock bands, including The Who and the Small Faces adopted a mod style. London became synonymous with fashion, music, and pop culture in these years, a period often referred to as Swinging London. There was a mod revival in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s, which was followed by a mod revival in North America in the early 1980s, particularly in southern California, Vancouver, and Toronto. The term mod derives from modernist, a used in the 1950s to describe modern jazz musicians and fans. This usage contrasted with the term trad, which described traditional jazz players, the 1959 novel Absolute Beginners describes modernists as young modern jazz fans who dress in sharp modern Italian clothes. The novel may be one of the earliest examples of the term being written to describe young British style-conscious modern jazz fans and this usage of the word modernist should not be confused with modernism in the context of literature, art, design and architecture. From the mid-to-late 1960s onwards, the media often used the term mod in a wider sense to describe anything that was believed to be popular. Paul Jobling and David Crowley argue that the definition of mod can be difficult to pin down, because throughout the original era. They claim that since the mod scene was so pluralist, the mod was an umbrella term that covered several distinct sub-scenes. Early mods watched French and Italian art films and read Italian magazines to look for style ideas, while clothes were still important at that time, they could be ready-made. Mary Anne Long argues that first hand accounts and contemporary theorists point to the Jewish upper-working or middle-class of London’s East End and suburbs. Simon Frith asserts that the mod subculture had its roots in the 1950s beatnik coffee bar culture, sparks argues that Mod has been much misunderstood. As this working-class, scooter-riding precursor of skinheads, coffee bars were attractive to British youths because, in contrast to typical pubs, which closed at about 11pm, they were open until the early hours of the morning. Coffee bars had jukeboxes, which in some cases reserved space in the machines for the customers own records, in the late 1950s, coffee bars were associated with jazz and blues, but in the early 1960s, they began playing more R&B music. Frith notes that although coffee bars were originally aimed at art school students, they began to facilitate an intermixing of youths from different backgrounds. Violent clashes would often ensue between the two groups and this period was later immortalized by songwriter Pete Townshend, in the Whos 1973 concept album, Quadrophenia
27.
Small Faces
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Small Faces were an English rock band from East London. The group was founded in 1965 by members Steve Marriott, Ronnie Lane, Kenney Jones and they later evolved into one of the UKs most successful psychedelic acts before disbanding in 1969. This practice has continued on all subsequent North American reissues of the album to this day, a revived version of the original Small Faces existed from 1975 to 1978. Small Faces were one of the biggest musical influences on the Britpop movement of the 1990s and they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. Lane and Marriott met in 1965 while Marriott was working at the J60 Music Bar in Manor Park, London. Lane came in with his father Stan to buy a guitar, struck up a conversation with Marriott, bought the bass. They recruited friends Kenney Jones and Jimmy Winston, who switched from guitar to the organ and they rapidly progressed from rehearsals at The Ruskin Arms public house in Manor Park, London, to ramshackle pub gigs, to semi-professional club dates. The group chose the name, Small Faces, for reasons, because of the members small physical stature and A Face was somebody special, more than just a snappy dresser. The bands early song set included R&B/soul classics such as Jump Back, James Browns Please Please Please, Smokey Robinsons Youve Really Got a Hold on Me, E too D, which appears on their first album, Small Faces, is named after the guitar chord structure. On US compilation albums the track is titled Running Wild, Marriotts unique and powerful voice attracted rising attention. Singer Elkie Brooks was struck by Marriotts vocal prowess and stage presence, impressed, King began finding them work in London and beyond. Their first out-of-town concert was at a mens club in Sheffield. Since the crowd was made up of Teddy boys and hard-drinking workers. Despondent, they walked into the mod-orientated King Mojo Club nearby and they played a set that left the local mods wanting more and started a strong buzz. During a crucial residency at Leicester Squares Cavern Club, they were supported by Sonny & Cher. The band signed a management contract with management impresario Don Arden and they released a string of high-energy mod/soul singles on the label. Their debut single was in 1965 with Whatcha Gonna Do About It, Marriott and Lane are credited with creating the instrumental to the song, borrowing the guitar riff from the Solomon Burke record Everybody Needs Somebody to Love. The lyrics were written by the Drifters band member Ian Samwell, the group failed to capitalise on the success of their first single with the follow-up which was written by Marriott/Lane, the hard-edged mod number Ive Got Mine
28.
The Easybeats
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The Easybeats were an Australian rock band which formed in Sydney, Australia, in late 1964, and disbanded at the end of 1969. The band formed at the former Villawood Migrant Hostel, later renamed the Villawood Detention Centre, the families of the band members spent their first years in Australia housed at the Villawood Migrant Hostel in the early and mid-sixties. The Easybeats began their career in late 1964 at the teen hangout, Beatle Village, located in the basement of a pub at Taylor Square on Oxford Street, in Darlinghurst. The band was inspired by the British Invasion spearheaded by the Beatles, the Easybeats quickly rose to become one of the most popular groups in the city. Real estate agent turned pop music entrepreneur Mike Vaughan took over as their manager, through his efforts, they were signed to a contract with Albert Productions, one of Australias first independent record production companies. The company was established by Ted Albert whose family owned J. Albert & Sons, Albert signed the band to a recording contract with EMIs Parlophone label. The group recorded a number of songs at the abandoned 2UW Theatre, owned by the parent company of Albert Productions, J. Albert and they chose the bluesy For My Woman as their first single. It was picked up by local radio Sydney radio and proved to be a minor hit, although For My Woman gained them some attention, the band felt they needed a more uptempo song to break through commercially. Their next single, Shes So Fine, gave them commercial success, reaching #3 on the Australian charts. Their concerts and public appearances were marked by intense fan hysteria similar to Beatlemania. The bands follow-up single, the high-energy Wedding Ring, released on 26 August, was also a hit, on 23 September 1965, the group released their first album Easy. It was one of the earliest albums of all material that was written by an Australia rock group. Most of the songs were written by the already established songwriters, vocalist Stevie Wright. For the next single, Sad and Lonely and Blue, the returned to the blues based feel of For My Woman. However, like For My Woman, it failed to make the top 10, both Wedding Ring and Sad and Lonely and Blue were included on the groups second album, Its 2 Easy, released 24 March 1966. The lead singles from album, Women and Come and See Her, put the group back in the top 10, reaching #4. The Wright-Young song-writing team also wrote songs for artists, including Step Back. In early 1966, while the group were still touring Australia, their manager, Mike Vaughan, despite an initial lack of interest, Vaughan was able to convince United Artists Records to sign the band
29.
Pete Townshend
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His career with the Who spans over 50 years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the most influential bands of the 20th century. He has also more than 100 songs that have appeared on his solo albums, as well as radio jingles. He is self-taught on all of the instruments he plays and has never had any formal training, due to his aggressive playing style and innovative songwriting techniques, Townshends works with The Who and in other projects have earned him critical acclaim. He and Daltrey received The George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement at UCLA on 21 May 2016, Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend was born on 19 May 1945, at Chiswick Hospital, West London. The Townshends had a marriage, as both drank heavily and possessed fiery tempers. Cliff Townshend was often away from his touring with his band while Betty carried on affairs with other men. The two split when Townshend was a toddler and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother Emma Dennis, whom Pete later described as clinically insane. The two-year separation ended when Cliff and Betty purchased a house together on Woodgrange Avenue in middle-class Acton, London, Townshend says he did not have many friends growing up, so he spent much of his boyhood reading adventure novels like Gullivers Travels and Treasure Island. He enjoyed his familys frequent excursions to the seaside and the Isle of Man and it was on one of these trips in the summer of 1956 that he repeatedly watched the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock, sparking his fascination with American rock and roll. Not long thereafter, he went to see Bill Haley perform in London, at the time, he did not see himself pursuing a career as a professional musician, instead, he wanted to become a journalist. Upon passing the exam, Townshend was enrolled at Acton County Grammar School. At Acton County, he was bullied because he had a large nose. His grandmother Emma purchased his first guitar for Christmas in 1956, though his father taught him a couple of chords, Townshend was largely self-taught on the instrument and never learned to read music. Townshend and school friend John Entwistle formed a trad jazz group. The Confederates played gigs at the Congo Club, a club run by the Acton Congregational Church, and covered Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball. However, both influenced by the increasing popularity of rock n roll, with Townshend particularly admiring Cliff Richards debut single. Townshend left the Confederates after getting into a fight with the drummer, Chris Sherwin. Townshends brothers Paul and Simon were born in 1957 and 1960, lacking the requisite test scores to attend university, Pete was faced with the decision of art school, music school, or getting a job
30.
Pictures of Lily
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Pictures of Lily is a single by the British rock band The Who, written by guitarist and primary songwriter Pete Townshend. It was released in 1967 as a single, and made the top five in the UK, in 1971, Pictures of Lily was included in the Who album Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy, a compilation of previously released singles. Townshend coined the term power pop when he used it to describe the song in a May 1967 interview with NME, in the beginning of the song, the singer laments his inability to sleep. When his father gives him the pictures of the songs eponymous Lily, he feels better, soon, he feels desire for Lily as a person instead of a photo, and asks his father for an introduction. His father informs him however that Lily has, in fact, initially, the singer laments, but before long turns back to his fantasy. According to Pete Townshend in the 2006 book Lyrics by Rikky Rooksby and it was an old 1920s postcard and someone had written on it Heres another picture of Lily – hope you havent got this one. It made me think that everyone has a pin-up period, lillie Langtry, the music hall star, died in 1929, the year mentioned in the song. Townshends statement is unlikely to refer to Lilian Baylis, the theatre manager, mark Wilkerson quotes Townshend as writing that the song is Merely a ditty about masturbation and the importance of it to a young man. However, the song does not mention masturbation explicitly and this song was first played live in 1966, and they continued to play through whilst touring until 1968. Daltrey performed this four times in his 1985 solo tour, the Who returned it to their set list in 1989, and Daltrey performed it during his 2009 Use It Or Lose It solo tour. The song was performed during the Whos 2015 The Who Hits 50. During the period that the song was recorded, in 1967, Kit Lambert, Daltrey has said the French horn solo was an attempt to emulate a World War I klaxon warning siren, as the Lily girl was a World War I-era pinup. The song has been covered by David Bowie on Substitute, The Songs Of The Who and it was covered by Argentinian punk band Attaque 77 in Spanish on their cover album Otras Canciones
31.
Fun, Fun, Fun
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Fun, Fun, Fun is a song written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love for American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released in 1964 as a single backed with Why Do Fools Fall in Love, the song is one of many by the Beach Boys that virtually defined the California myth. Its lyrics are about a girl who tricks her father so she can go hot-rodding with his Ford Thunderbird. At the end, her father discovers her deception and takes the keys from her, the narrator then comes to the girls rescue with his own car. The song was written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love and was based upon real life occurrences in the life of Dennis Wilson. In 1996, Russ Titelman recalled that he visited Brian while he was working on the song, then-manager Murry Wilson was dissatisfied with the song, and had engineer Chuck Britz cancel one of its recording sessions. However, Brian rescheduled the session after discovering what happened, the opening electric guitar introduction of the original version of the song was based on Chuck Berrys Johnny B. Goode, which in turn was based on the intro of Louis Jordans Aint That Just Like a Woman, the tracks punctuated drum fills were inspired by the work of Phil Spector. Philip Lambert noted that the verses follow the same chord progression as Spectors Da Doo Ron Ron. The song was recorded on January 1,1964, at United Western Recorders Studio 3, vocals and additional overdubs followed on either January 8 or 9. The mono mix, as heard on the 45 as well as copies of Shut Down Volume 2 has an extended outro. Track details courtesy of session archivist Craig Slowinski. was released in the United States in February 1964, the single peaked at the number 5 spot on the Billboard chart. In the United Kingdom, the single was released in March 1964 through Capitol Records, in Australia, the single peaked at the number 6 position, which was the bands highest charting single in Australia at that time. In West Germany, the single became their first single to chart in the country when it peaked at the number 49 position, the instrumental track was released on the 2001 archival release Hawthorne, CA. A new stereo mix, more resembling the original single version, was released in 2013 on the Made in California box set. Alternate live versions appear on Beach Boys Concert, The Beach Boys in Concert, the Beach Boys sang mainly backing vocals, with Status Quos Francis Rossi performing the lead vocal for the entire song, except the new verse, which was sung by Mike Love. It was released under PolyGram Records as a single in the United Kingdom, the single, featuring another artist on the B-side, peaked at the number 24 position on the charts. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
32.
Singer-songwriter
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Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. The genre began with the folk-acoustic tradition, singer-songwriters often provide the sole accompaniment to an entire composition or song, typically using a guitar or piano. Singer-songwriter is used to define popular music artists who write and perform their own material, such an artist performs the roles of composer, lyricist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and often self-manager. Most records by artists have a similarly straightforward and spare sound that placed emphasis on the song itself. The term has also used to describe songwriters in the rock, folk, and pop music genres including Henry Russell, Aristide Bruant, Hank Williams. Song topics include political protest, as in the case of the Almanac Singers, Pete Seeger, the concept of a singer-songwriter can be traced to ancient bardic oral tradition, which has existed in various forms throughout the world. Poems would be performed as chant or song, sometimes accompanied by a harp or other similar instrument, after the invention of printing, songs would be written and performed by ballad sellers. Usually these would be versions of existing tunes and lyrics, which were constantly evolving and this developed into the singer-songwriting traditions of folk culture. The term singer-songwriter in North America can be traced back to singers who developed works in the blues and folk music style. Early to mid-20th century American singer-songwriters include Lead Belly, Jimmie Rodgers, Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker, Blind Willie McTell, Lightnin Hopkins, Son House, the tradition of writing topical songs was established by this group of musicians. This focus on social issues has greatly influenced the singer-songwriter genre, artists who had been primarily songwriters, notably Carole King, Townes Van Zandt, and Neil Diamond, also began releasing work as performers. In contrast to the approach of most prior country and folk music. The adjectives confessional and sensitive were often used singer-songwriter style, in the rock band era, members were not technically singer-songwriters as solo acts. However, many were singer-songwriters who created songs with band members. Many others like Eric Clapton found success as singer-songwriters in their later careers, there were hints of cross-pollination, but rock and folk music had remained largely separate genres, often with different audiences. An early attempt at fusing elements of folk and rock was highlighted in the Animals House of the Rising Sun, dylan plugged an entire generation into the milieu of the singer-songwriter. In the mid- to late 1960s, bands and singer-songwriters began to proliferate the underground New York art/music scene. Lotti Golden, in her Atlantic debut album Motor-Cycle, chronicled her life in NYCs East Village in the late 60s counterculture, visiting subjects such as gender identity, kate Bush remained distinctive throughout with her idiosyncratic style
33.
The Kinks
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The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most important and influential bands of the era. The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat and their third single, the Ray Davies-penned You Really Got Me, became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. Between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the released a string of hit singles, studio albums drew good reviews. Their music was influenced by a range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies observational writing style, in addition, groups such as Van Halen, the Jam, the Knack, the Pretenders and the Fall covered their songs, helping to boost the Kinks record sales. In the 1990s, Britpop acts such as Blur and Oasis cited the band as a major influence, the Kinks broke up in 1996, a result of the commercial failures of their last few albums and creative tension between the Davies brothers. Ray Davies and Dave Davies remained members throughout the groups 32-year run, longest-serving member Mick Avory was replaced by Bob Henrit, formerly of Argent, in 1984. Original bassist Pete Quaife was replaced by John Dalton in 1969, session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins accompanied the band in the studio for many of their recordings in the mid-to-late 1960s. In 1969 the band became an official five-piece when keyboardist John Gosling joined them, being replaced by Ian Gibbons in 1979, the group had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40, in the UK, the group had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums. Four of their albums have been certified gold by the RIAA and have gone on to sell over 50 million albums worldwide, among numerous honours, they received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Service to British Music. In 1990, the four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Davies brothers were born in suburban North London on Huntingdon Road, East Finchley and their parents, Frederick and Annie Davies, moved the family to 6 Denmark Terrace, Fortis Green, in the neighbouring suburb of Muswell Hill. At home they were immersed in a world of varied styles, from the music hall of their parents generation to the jazz and early rock. Both Ray and his brother Dave, younger by almost three years, learned to play guitar, and they played skiffle and rock and roll together. The brothers attended William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, where formed a band. Their debut at a dance was well received, which encouraged the group to play at local pubs
34.
The Dave Clark Five
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The Dave Clark Five was an English pop rock group. Their single Glad All Over knocked the Beatles I Want to Hold Your Hand off the top of the UK Singles Chart in January 1964, over And Over was a number 1 single in the United States for the group in December 1965. They were the group of the British Invasion on The Ed Sullivan Show. For some time the Dave Clark Five was more popular in the US than in their native UK, the group disbanded in late 1970. On 10 March 2008, the band was inducted into the Rock, the band started out as the Dave Clark Quintet in 1957, with Clark on drums, Dave Sanford on lead guitar, Chris Walls on bass, Don Vale on piano. Mick Ryan replaced Johnson in 1958 and Jim Spencer joined on saxophone, Walls left in 1959 and Huxley became the bass player. Mike Smith joined on piano in 1960, and Lenny Davidson replaced Ryan in 1961, in 1962, the band changed its name to the Dave Clark Five when Saxon left. The group was Clark on drums, Huxley on bass, Smith on organ and lead vocals, originating in North London, the band was promoted as the vanguard of the Tottenham Sound, a response to the Mersey Beat stable managed by Brian Epstein. Songwriting credits went to Clark, Clark and Smith, Clark and Davidson and Clark, the Dave Clark Five had 17 records in the Top 40 of the US Billboard chart and 12 Top 40 hits in their native UK between 1964 and 1967. S. The Dave Clark Five was the first British band of the British Invasion to tour the US, after the success of the Beatles film A Hard Days Night in 1964, the band released their own film, Catch Us If You Can in 1965. It also starred Barbara Ferris, and was released in the United States as Having a Wild Weekend, the short film Hits in Action highlighted a series of Dave Clark Five hits. Other than the songs Inside and Out, Maze of Love and Live in the Sky, the DC5 disbanded in 1970, having placed three singles on the UK chart that year, two of which reached the Top Ten. In 1970, Davidson, Huxley and Payton left and Alan Parker and Eric Ford joined on lead guitar and this line-up, renamed Dave Clark & Friends, lasted until 1973. Between 1978 and 1993, none of their music was available to be purchased in any commercial format, in 1993, a single CD Glad All Over Again was produced by Dave himself and released by EMI in Britain. No DC5 material was legally available until 2008, when the Hits compilation was released by Universal Music in the UK. In 2009 selections from the catalogue were released on iTunes. Dave Clark was also the manager and producer of their recordings. Following the groups break-up, Clark set up a media company, in the process, he acquired the rights to the 1960s pop series Ready Steady Go
35.
Alex Chilton
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William Alexander Alex Chilton was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, best known as the lead singer of the Box Tops and Big Star. He is frequently cited as an influence by influential rock artists and bands, some of whose testimonials appeared in the 2012 documentary Big Star. Chilton grew up in a family, his father, Sidney Chilton, was a jazz musician. The new group recorded with Chips Moman and producer/songwriter Dan Penn at American Sound Studio, as lead singer for The Box Tops, Chilton enjoyed at the age of 16 a number-one international hit, The Letter. The Box Tops went on to have several other major hits, including Neon Rainbow, Cry Like a Baby, Sweet Cream Ladies, Forward March. By late 1969, only Chilton and guitarist Gary Talley remained from the original group, the group decided to disband and pursue independent careers in February 1970. After deciding against pursuing an education at Memphis State University, Chilton began performing as a solo artist. His 1970 recordings and productions from that time frame were released later in the 1980s and 1990s on albums like Lost Decade and 1970. During this era, Chilton was considered as a replacement vocalist for Al Kooper in Blood, Chilton and Bell co-wrote In The Street for Big Stars first album #1 Record, a track later covered by Cheap Trick and used as the theme song of That 70s Show. Rosebrough would occasionally work with Chilton on later recordings, including Big Stars Third album, there he made the acquaintance of The Cramps, a formative psychobilly ensemble. He brought them to Memphis, to which he had moved back to by April 1978, in 1979, Chilton released, in a limited edition of 500 copies, the album Like Flies on Sherbert. Produced by Chilton with Jim Dickinson at Phillips Recording and Ardent Studios it features his own interpretations of songs by artists as disparate as the Carter Family, newman, Ernest Tubb, and KC and the Sunshine Band, along with several originals. While criticized by some as a mess, this album is considered by many to be a lo-fi masterpiece. The second show, at the Camden club Dingwalls, was recorded and he also continued to work with Tav Falcos Panther Burns on stage and in the studio during this period. The group played a string of shows in the fall in Chicago, philadelphia, New York, and New Jersey, this would be Chiltons last tour for three years. He resumed playing with Panther Burns in 1983 and he stopped playing regular gigs with Panther Burns and formed a trio with the groups bassist, Coman, and drummer Joey Torres to play his out-of-town bookings. Chiltons business relationship with Mathé would last the rest of his life, in the U. S. Chiltons solo releases were released by the Big Time, Razor & Tie, Ardent, and Bar/None record labels. In 1985, Chilton began working with Memphis jazz drummer Doug Garrison, six songs were recorded at Ardent Studios for the 1985 EP Feudalist Tarts, three originals joined by songs from the catalogs of Carla Thomas, Slim Harpo, and Willie Tee
36.
Big Star
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Big Star was an American power pop band formed in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1971 by Alex Chilton, Chris Bell, Jody Stephens, and Andy Hummel. The group broke up in 1974, and reorganized with a new line-up nearly 20 years later. In its first era, the musical style drew on the vocal harmonies of the Beatles, as well as the swaggering rhythms of the Rolling Stones. To the resulting power pop, Big Star added dark, existential themes, Big Stars first album—1972s #1 Record—was met by enthusiastic reviews, but ineffective marketing by Stax Records and limited distribution stunted its commercial success. After a third album was deemed non-commercially viable and shelved before receiving a title, four years later, the first two Big Star LPs were released together in the UK as a double album. The bands third album was issued soon afterward, titled Third/Sister Lovers. Shortly thereafter, Chris Bell was killed in a car accident at the age of 27, the Big Star discography drew renewed attention in the 1980s when R. E. M. and the Replacements as well as other popular bands cited the group as an influence. In 1992, interest was stimulated by Rykodiscs reissues of the bands albums. In 1993, Chilton and Stephens reformed Big Star with recruits Jon Auer and Ken Stringfellow of the Posies, the band remained active, performing tours in Europe and Japan, and released a new studio album, In Space, in 2005. Chilton died on March 17,2010, after being admitted to a New Orleans hospital with heart problems, Hummel, who was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, died on July 19,2010. These deaths left Stephens as the sole surviving founding member, Big Star was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2014. Alex Chilton was the singer for the blue-eyed soul group the Box Tops from 1967 to 1970. Following his stint with the Box Tops, he recorded a studio album. He was offered the role of lead vocalist for Blood, Sweat & Tears, a song Chilton wrote nearly six years after he first witnessed a Beatles performance, Thirteen, referred to the event with the line Rock n roll is here to stay. Attracted by Icewaters music, Chilton showed the three his new song Watch the Sunrise, and was asked to join the band, both Watch the Sunrise and Thirteen were subsequently included on Big Stars first album, #1 Record. The now four-piece band adopted the name Big Star when one member was given the idea from a store often visited for snacks during recording sessions. Although all four members contributed to songwriting and vocals on the first album, Chilton and Bell dominated as a duo intentionally modeled on John Lennon, the album was recorded by Ardent founder John Fry, with Terry Manning contributing occasional backing vocals and keyboards. The title #1 Record was decided towards the end of the sessions and evinced, albeit as a playful hope rather than a serious expectation
37.
Badfinger
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Badfinger were a British rock band that, in their most successful lineup, consisted of Pete Ham, Mike Gibbins, Tom Evans, and Joey Molland. The band evolved from a group called The Iveys that was formed in 1961 by Ham, Ron Griffiths and David Dai Jenkins in Swansea. The Iveys were the first group signed by the Beatles Apple label in 1968, the band renamed themselves Badfinger and in 1969 Griffiths left and was replaced by Molland. In 1970, the band engaged American businessman Stan Polley to manage their commercial affairs, over the next five years the band recorded five albums for Apple and toured extensively, before they became embroiled in the chaos of Apple Records dissolution. Badfinger had four consecutive hits from 1970 to 1972, Come and Get It, No Matter What, Day After Day. In 2013, Baby Blue made a resurgence onto the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart at number 14 after it was featured in the finale of the television show Breaking Bad. Their song Without You has been recorded many times, including a Billboard number-one hit for Harry Nilsson, after Apple Records folded, Badfinger signed to Warner Bros. Warners then refused to accept Badfingers next album, Head First, because of the dispute with Polley, three days before his 28th birthday, on 24 April 1975, Ham committed suicide by hanging himself, leaving a note that included damning comments about Polley. Over the next three years, the surviving members struggled to rebuild their personal and professional lives against a backdrop of lawsuits, which tied up the songwriters royalty payments for years. The Badfinger albums Airwaves and Say No More foundered, as Molland, on 19 November 1983, Evans also took his own life by hanging. The Iveys formed in 1961 in Swansea, Wales from The Panthers, whose line-up consisted of Pete Ham, Ron Griffiths, David Dai Jenkins, and Roy Anderson. Playing under various names including The Black Velvets and the Wild Ones, by 1964 they settled on The Iveys, in March 1965, drummer Mike Gibbins joined The Iveys. The group secured concerts around Swansea area, opening for prominent British groups such as the Spencer Davis Group, The Who, The Moody Blues, by June 1966, Bill Collins had started to manage the group. In December 1966 the entire group moved into Collins home at 7 Park Avenue, Golders Green, London, the house was terminally overcrowded, so the only place to find any privacy was in a room equipped with a two-track recording machine. The group performed a range of cover tunes on the London circuit, from Motown, blues, soul to Top 40, psychedelic pop, and Beatles hits. Collins said at the time, Look, I cant promise you anything, except blood, sweat. The group performed occasional concerts backing David Garrick, while performing as The Iveys across the United Kingdom throughout the rest of the decade, in August 1967, Dai Jenkins was asked to leave the group, and was replaced by Liverpudlian guitarist Tom Evans, formerly of Them Calderstones. Jenkins departure was remembered by Griffiths as being asked if he would step down
38.
No Matter What (Badfinger song)
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No Matter What is a song originally recorded by Badfinger for their album No Dice in 1970, written and sung by Pete Ham and produced by Mal Evans. As a demo, No Matter What was originally recorded by Ham on acoustic guitar, a similar sound to the original demo can be heard on an album track from their next album Straight Up called Perfection. A rough, rockier version of the song was recorded by Badfinger in March 1970, the song was recorded again by the band in April 1970 at Abbey Road Studios and it was this version that would appear on the album and single. Although the song and recording was a favourite of Badfingers shortly after it was recorded and this song is also noted for its false ending, after the final chorus, where, after a short pause, the song repeats the last line twice before its final ending chord. In the United States, the single was released with the Tom Evans–Pete Ham song Carry On Till Tomorrow and this was an edited version of the recording that appeared on Badfingers previous album, Magic Christian Music. In all other countries, the single was backed with the Tom Evans–Joey Molland song Better Days, in the US it peaked at number 8 on Billboard Hot 100. In South Africa it topped the charts, the band also scored with Come and Get It, number 4 in the UK in January 1970, which was composed by Paul McCartney, and Day After Day, number 10 in the UK in January 1972. The song is notable for being one of the first successful records associated with the pop sound. A subsequent single released by Badfinger, Baby Blue, along with album tracks in a similar vein. Shaw Blades - for the Japanese version of their cover album Influence Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
39.
Baby Blue (Badfinger song)
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Baby Blue is a song recorded by the band Badfinger for inclusion on their 1971 album, Straight Up. The song was written by Pete Ham, produced by Todd Rundgren, Ham wrote the song about a woman named Dixie Armstrong, whom he had dated during Badfingers last US tour. Baby Blue was released as a single in the US on 6 March 1972, in a picture sleeve. It was the groups last Top 20 single, peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart, however, the chaos that was enveloping the Apple UK operation at the time was strongly evident with regard to this song. While Apple US gave the song a picture sleeve and a remix to ensure that it was a hit, although the single was even assigned a release number for the UK, Baby Blue was never actually released as a UK single. Despite Badfingers four top-20 Apple singles, Badfinger would only one more single on Apple Records. Singer-songwriter Barbara Manning covered the song with her band, S. F, seals, on the 1994 album Nowhere. Baby Blue made an appearance in Martin Scorseses 2006 Oscar-winning film, Baby Blue made an appearance in season 3 of The OC. Phil Keaggy covered the song in his EPIC Records LP Blue in 1994, the song later achieved fame when it played during the closing scene of the series finale of Breaking Bad. Online streams increased in popularity strongly almost immediately following the broadcast, the song is, according to Nielson SoundScan, selling over 5,300 downloads since the broadcast. Billboard. com predicts that the song could return to the Billboard charts as well and this appearance led to a 2,981 percent increase of sales of the song as well as 9,000 percent increase in streaming over Spotify. It became a song on iTunes following the broadcast. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Day After Day (Badfinger song)
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Day After Day is a song recorded by the rock band Badfinger for inclusion on their 1971 album, Straight Up. The song became a Gold record, the song was written and sung by Pete Ham and produced by George Harrison, who plays some of the slide guitar parts of the song along with Ham. The record also features Leon Russell on piano, released as a single in the US in November 1971, it would become the groups highest charting single there, peaking at number 4 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart. It also peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1972 and it remains one of the bands best-known songs, most notably for the slide guitar solos. It went Gold in March 1972, becoming the bands first, Day After Day reached number 10 on Billboards Easy Listening survey. Also in 1972, Engelbert Humperdinck covered the song for his album In Time, in 1986, Savatage covered the song on their album Fight for the Rock. In 1990, Athens, Georgia rock band Dreams So Real covered the song for their album Gloryline, in 1990, synthpop band Exotic Birds covered the song for their album Equilibrium. In 2006, Rod Stewart covered the song on his album Still the Same… Great Rock Classics of Our Time, in 2006, Neal Morse covered the song on his album Cover to Cover. In 2007, the song was used in a TV commercial for the NBA celebrating the revival of the Boston Celtics, in 2007, the song was featured in Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind, a Season 19 episode of the animated TV series The Simpsons. In 2008, Midge Ure covered the song on his album 10, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Go All the Way (song)
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Go All the Way is a single by American pop-rock group Raspberries, released in July 1972 and written by band leader Eric Carmen. The song reached the Top 5 on three principal US charts, number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 4 on Cashbox, the single sold more than 1.3 million copies and earned the band their first Gold Record Award. It was their single release, their all-time biggest US hit. Because of its suggestive lyrics, considered risqué for the day. The tune ranked at number 33 on Billboards Top 100 Singles of 1972 year-end list, in 1989, Spin magazine named Go All the Way in its list of the 100 Greatest Singles of All Time, ranking it at number 91. Go All the Way appeared in Blender magazines July 2006 issue as one of its Greatest Songs Ever, Go All the Way has been featured in three movies. Director Cameron Crowe, a Raspberries fan, used the song in his 2000 film Almost Famous, matthew Sweet and Bangles member Susanna Hoffs included a faithful rendition of the song in their 2009 collaboration Under the Covers, Vol.2. The Killers recorded a cover of the song for the 2012 film Dark Shadows, the song briefly appears in the 2014 Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy. In interviews with hard rock/metal personality Eddie Trunk, he states that this sparked his interest in music due mainly to the distorted guitar riffs. Song Lyrics Go All the Way at Songfacts. com
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Todd Rundgren
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Todd Harry Rundgren is an American multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and record producer. Rundgren has often been at the forefront as a promoter of cutting edge recording technologies, although lesser known, Couldnt I Just Tell You has had a major influence on artists in the power pop musical genre. Rundgren was born in Upper Darby, at the city limits of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father was of half Swedish and half Austrian descent and he began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a Philadelphia-based group in the style of Paul Butterfield Blues Band. The group gained recognition with the Rundgren-penned songs Open My Eyes. Nazz released three albums during this time – Nazz, Nazz Nazz, and Nazz III, Open My Eyes gained belated recognition thanks to its inclusion in Nuggets, the genre-defining anthology of American 1960s garage punk and psychedelia compiled by musician Lenny Kaye. The groups second LP was originally intended as double album, Rundgren and Van Osten left the band shortly after. Particularly during the years of his career, Rundgrens songwriting was heavily influenced by the music of singer-songwriter Laura Nyro. I met her right after Eli and the Thirteenth Confession, I actually had arranged a meeting, just because I was so infatuated with her and I wanted to meet the person who had produced all this music. We got along, and we were kind of friendly, and actually, after I met her the first time, but the Nazz had just signed a record contract and I couldnt skip out on the band, even though it was incredibly tempting. Rundgrens debut solo album Runt includes the strongly Nyro-influenced Baby Lets Swing, Nazz manager Michael Friedman, who had joined Albert Grossman management brought Rundgren to the firm where he became both a solo artist and producer for many artists in the Grossman stable. He also apparently considered working as a computer programmer, subsequently, he became one of the first artists signed to Grossmans Bearsville Records label. D. Smart, with whom Rundgren worked on later projects. Rothchild, the result was Joplins swansong LP Pearl, which Rothchild pieced together from the session tapes. This was followed by an album for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. One of these was attended by a budding New York writer called Patti Smith and his work for The Band was followed by a second album for Winchester and the album Taking Care of Business by the James Cotton Blues Band. Rundgren himself wrote, produced, sang and played guitars, keyboards, Smart on the rest of the album. Furthermore, only Rundgren is pictured on the covers of albums, and both albums have been subsequently reissued with the same titles and cover art, but bearing the artist credit Todd Rundgren
43.
Blue Ash (band)
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Blue Ash is a United States band, formed in Ohio in the summer of 1969 by bassist Frank Secich & vocalist Jim Kendzor. Guitarist Bill Yendrek and drummer David Evans were recruited later that summer, the band debuted at The Freak Out, a club in Youngstown, OH on October 3,1969. They gained a loyal following playing an endless stream of one-nighters over that year, in October 1970, Bill Yendrek, was replaced by guitarist/songwriter Bill Cupid Bartolin. In June 1972, Blue Ash signed a contract with Peppermint Productions of Youngstown. In late 1972, they were signed to Mercury Records by A&R man Paul Nelson and their first album No More, No Less was released in May 1973 and received rave reviews in the rock press. It is considered a pop classic, and is regarded as highly collectible among fans of that genre. Blue Ash toured and opened for acts as the Stooges, Bob Seger, Aerosmith, Ted Nugent and more. Blue Ash continued to live and record, adding drummer Jeff Rozniata who replaced David Evans in 1974. They were signed to a deal with Playboy Records in 1977. The first single, Look At You Now became a hit in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Mississippi, as well as in Ohio. Playboy then offered an album deal, the LP Front Page News was recorded in Los Angeles in August 1977 and released in October of that year. It was selling well, but in early 1978 Playboy International pulled the plug on Playboy Records and they called it quits in 1979. A few audience-recorded live tapes of the band exist but are of generally poor recording quality, other tapes recorded by a fan who followed Blue Ash to many of their gigs are rumored to exist, but have yet to surface on the collectors circuit. In the summer of 2003 original members Frank Secich, David Evans, Bill Bartolin and Jim Kendzor got together privately in Ohio to play once again, on November 8 they played the International Pop Overthrow at the Khyber Club in Philadelphia. In the late 1990s, renewed interest toward the band was given a boost as a cache of unreleased Blue Ash recordings fell into circulation amongst collectors. In the summer of 2004 an official release of that material—a two CD retrospective called Around Again—was released on Not Lame Records and it contains 44 songs of unreleased material spanning their career. For their reunion gigs from 2003–2009, Frank Secich moved from guitar to rhythm guitar. On October 3,2009, guitarist Bill Cupid Bartolin died from complications of cancer, Frank Secich is now a member of Deadbeat Poets, who have released three critically acclaimed CDs, Notes From The Underground, Circustown and Youngstown Vortex Sutra in 2011
