Pre-Islamic Arabia
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The era of pre-Islamic Arabia encompasses human history in all parts of the Arabian Peninsula before the spread of Islam beginning in 610 CE. During the prehistoric period, humans first migrated and s
Territory of the three Roman provinces of Arabia which were administered between the 2nd and 7th centuries CE: Arabia Petrea (in green), Arabia Deserta (in yellow), and Arabia Felix (in orange)
Chlorite seal found in Madinat Hamad belonging to the material culture of Dilmun dated between 2000 and 1800 BCE
Sumerian cuneiform tablet recording shipments of wool and silver by Queen Lagash to Dilmun c. 2350 BCE found in a tel in Girsu
Relief from Ashurbanipal's palace showing Assyrians fighting and pursuing Arabs on camelback.
Judaism was the first monotheistic religion practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia, predating the Common Era. Arabian Jews were linguistically diverse, and communities spoke Greek, Aramaic, Arabic, and Sabai
Seal ring from Zafar with writing "Yishaq bar Hanina" and a Torah ark, 330 BC – 200 AD
