The era of pre-Islamic Arabia encompasses human history in parts of the Arabian Peninsula and the Southern Levant before the spread of Islam beginning in 610 CE. During the prehistoric period, humans
Territory of the three Roman provinces of Arabia which were administered between the 2nd and 7th centuries CE: Arabia Petrea (in green), Arabia Deserta (in yellow), and Arabia Felix (in orange)
Chlorite seal found in Madinat Hamad belonging to the material culture of Dilmun dated between 2000 and 1800 BCE
Sumerian cuneiform tablet recording shipments of wool and silver by Queen Lagash to Dilmun c. 2350 BCE found in a tel in Girsu
Relief from Ashurbanipal's palace showing Assyrians fighting and pursuing Arabs on camelback.
The Kaaba, also spelled Kaʽba, Kaʽbah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʽba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Hara
Pre-Islamic Arabia
…formerly Arabia Petraea). The most well-known tribe of Mudar, today, is the Quraysh, rulers of Mecca (after the Jurhum) and the care-takers of the Kaaba and its pilgrimage rites. Over the course of the sixth century, tradition describes Quraysh's aspirations for expanding their hegemony in Arabia, forming…
The Black Stone is seen through a portal in the Kaaba.
"Muhammad at the Ka'ba" from the Siyer-i Nebi. Muhammad is shown with veiled face, c. 1595 CE.
Miniature from Jami' al-tawarikh, 706 AH (1306/1307 CE), depicting Muhammad and others moving the black stone into the Kaaba