Precursors of film are concepts and devices that have much in common with the later art and techniques of cinema.
The Kaiserpanorama, 1880, provided a group stereoscope card viewing experience
Shadow play figures, circa 1780.
Czermak's 1855 Stereophoroskop
A stereoscope is a device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images, depicting left-eye and right-eye views of the same scene, as a single three-dimensional image.
Old Zeiss pocket stereoscope with original test image
A common Underwood & Underwood Stereoscope
Wheatstone mirror stereoscope
Brewster-type stereoscope, 1870