Pretender
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A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term may often be used to either refer to a descendant of a depos
James Francis Edward Stuart, later known as the Old Pretender, depicted c. 1703, having been recognised in 1701 by King Louis XIV of France as the rightful claimant to the English, Irish, and Scottish thrones
Karl Emich of Leiningen, also known under his Christian Orthodox name Nikolai Kirillovich Romanov
William, Duke of Normandy pretending to the English throne early in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 in opposition to King Harold II
Almanach de Gotha
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The Almanach de Gotha is a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country. First publis
Pretender
…to Parliament in 1708: "The French fleet sailed from Dunkirk ... with the Pretender on board." In 1807 the French Emperor Napoleon complained that the Almanach de Gotha continued to list German princes whom he had deposed. This episode established that publication as the pre-eminent authority on the titles of deposed…
The Almanach de Gotha book, published in 1851
London Library's copy of Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser, 1910.
Almanach de Gotha, published by Justus Perthes (1905)