1.
Sleeping Beauty
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Sleeping Beauty by Charles Perrault, or Little Briar Rose by the Brothers Grimm, is a classic fairy tale which involves a beautiful princess, a sleeping enchantment, and a handsome prince. The version collected by the Brothers Grimm was an orally transmitted version of the originally literary tale published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697. This in turn was based on Sun, Moon, and Talia by Italian poet Giambattista Basile, the earliest known version of the story is found in the narrative Perceforest, composed between 1330 and 1344 and first printed in 1528. At the christening of a king and queens long-wished-for child, seven good fairies are invited to be godmothers to the infant princess, the fairies attend the banquet at the palace. Each fairy is presented with a plate and drinking cups adorned with jewels. Soon after, an old fairy enters the palace and is seated with a plate of fine china and this old fairy is overlooked because she has been within a tower for many years and everyone had believed her to be deceased. Six of the seven fairies then offer their gifts of beauty, wit, grace, dance, song. The evil fairy is very angry about having been forgotten, and as her gift, enchants the infant princess so that she one day prick her finger on a spindle of a spinning wheel. The seventh fairy, who hasnt yet given her gift, attempts to reverse the evil fairys curse, however, she can only do so partially. Instead of dying, the Princess will fall into a deep sleep for 100 years, the King orders that every spindle and spinning wheel in the kingdom to be destroyed, to try to save his daughter from the terrible curse. Fifteen or sixteen years pass and one day, when the king and queen are away, the princess, who has never seen anyone spin before, asks the old woman if she can try the spinning wheel. The curse is fulfilled as the princess pricks her finger on the spindle, the old woman cries for help and attempts are made to revive the princess. The king attributes this to fate and has the Princess carried to the finest room in the palace and placed upon a bed of gold, the king and queen kiss their daughter goodbye and depart, proclaiming the entrance to be forbidden. The good fairy who altered the evil prophecy is summoned, having great powers of foresight, the fairy sees that the Princess will awaken to distress when she finds herself alone, so the fairy puts everyone in the castle to sleep. The fairy also summons a forest of trees, brambles and thorns that spring up around the castle, shielding it from the outside world, a hundred years pass and a prince from another family spies the hidden castle during a hunting expedition. The prince then braves the tall trees, brambles and thorns which part at his approach and he passes the sleeping castle folk and comes across the chamber where the Princess lies asleep on the bed. Struck by the radiant beauty before him, he falls on his knees before her, the enchantment comes to an end by a kiss and the princess awakens and converses with the prince for a long time. Meanwhile, the rest of the castle awakens and go about their business, the prince and princess are later married by the chaplain in the castle chapel
2.
Fairy tale
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Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables. The term is used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries. In less technical contexts, the term is used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness. Colloquially, a tale or fairy story can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale, it is used especially of any story that not only is not true. Legends are perceived as real, fairy tales may merge into legends, Fairy tales are found in oral and in literary form, the name fairy tale was first ascribed to them by Madame dAulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of todays fairy tales have evolved from stories that have appeared, with variations. The history of the tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Still, according to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, such stories may date back thousands of years, Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today. Folklorists have classified fairy tales in various ways, the Aarne-Thompson classification system and the morphological analysis of Vladimir Propp are among the most notable. Other folklorists have interpreted the significance, but no school has been definitively established for the meaning of the tales. It moves in a world without definite locality or definite creatures and is filled with the marvelous. In this never-never land, humble heroes kill adversaries, succeed to kingdoms, a fairy tale with a tragic rather than a happy end is called an anti-fairy tale. Although the fairy tale is a genre within the larger category of folktale. The term itself comes from the translation of Madame DAulnoys conte de fées, Vladimir Propp, in his Morphology of the Folktale, criticized the common distinction between fairy tales and animal tales on the grounds that many tales contained both fantastic elements and animals. Were I asked, what is a fairytale, I should reply, Read Undine, that is a fairytale. of all fairytales I know, I think Undine the most beautiful. As Stith Thompson points out, talking animals and the presence of magic seem to be common to the fairy tale than fairies themselves. However, the presence of animals that talk does not make a tale a fairy tale, especially when the animal is clearly a mask on a human face. Steven Swann Jones identified the presence of magic as the feature by which fairy tales can be distinguished from other sorts of folktales, davidson and Chaudri identify transformation as the key feature of the genre
3.
Damsel in distress
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The damsel-in-distress or persecuted maiden is a classic theme in world literature, art, film and video games. This trope usually involves a young woman placed in a dire predicament by a villain or monster. After rescuing her, the hero often obtains her hand in marriage and she has become a stock character of fiction, particularly of melodrama. Though she is human, she can also be of any other species, including fictional or folkloric species. The word damsel derives from the French demoiselle, meaning lady. It is a term not used in modern English except for effect or in expressions such as this. It can be traced back to the knight-errant of Medieval songs and tales, the English term damsel in distress itself first appeared in Tobias Smolletts 1755 translation of Don Quixote, a parody of medieval chivalry tales. The damsel in distress theme featured in the stories of the ancient Greeks, greek mythology, while featuring a large retinue of competent goddesses, also contains helpless maidens threatened with sacrifice. For example, Andromedas mother offended Poseidon, who sent a beast to ravage the land, to appease him Andromedas parents fastened her to a rock in the sea. The hero Perseus slew the beast, saving Andromeda, Andromeda in her plight, chained naked to a rock, became a favorite theme of later painters. This theme of the Princess and dragon is also pursued in the myth of St George, another early example of a damsel in distress is Sita in the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. In the epic, Sita is kidnapped by the villain Ravana and her husband Rama goes on a quest to rescue her, with the help of the monkey-god Hanuman. European fairy tales frequently feature damsels in distress, evil witches trapped Rapunzel in a tower, cursed the princess to die in Snow White, and put Sleeping Beauty into a magical sleep. In all of these, a prince comes to the maidens aid, saves her. A number of tales in the One Thousand and One Nights also feature damsels in distress and this story appears to have influenced later European tales such as Adenes Le Rois Cleomades and The Squires Tale told in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. The damsel in distress was a character of medieval romances. Chaucers The Clerks Tale of the trials and bizarre torments of patient Griselda was drawn from Petrarch. The Emprise de lEscu vert à la Dame Blanche was an order with the express purpose of protecting oppressed ladies
4.
Quest
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A quest serves as a plot device in mythology and fiction, a difficult journey towards a goal, often symbolic or allegorical. Tales of quests figure prominently in the folklore of every nation, in literature, the object of a quest requires great exertion on the part of the hero, who must overcome many obstacles, typically including much travel. The aspect of travel allows the storyteller to showcase exotic locations, the object of a quest may also have supernatural properties, often leading the protagonist into other worlds and dimensions. The moral of a quest tale often centers on the character of the hero. The hero normally aims to obtain something or someone by the quest, the object can be something new, that fulfills a lack in his life, or something that was stolen away from him or someone with authority to dispatch him. Sometimes the hero has no desire to return, Sir Galahads quest for the Holy Grail is to find it, not return with it. A return may, indeed, be impossible, Aeneas quests for a homeland, having lost Troy at the beginning of Virgils Aeneid, the quest object may, indeed, function only as a convenient reason for the heros journey. When a hero is on a quest for several objects that are only a convenient reason for his journey, they are termed plot coupons, most times in a quest, the knight in shining armor wins the heart of a beautiful maiden/ princess. An early quest story tells the tale of Gilgamesh, who seeks a secret to life after the death of Enkidu. Another ancient quest tale, Homers Odyssey, tells of Odysseus, recovering the Golden Fleece is the object of the travels of Jason and the Argonauts in the Argonautica. Psyche, having lost Cupid, hunted through the world for him, other characters can also set forth on quests — the heros older brothers commonly do — but the hero is distinguished by his success. Many medieval romances sent knights out on quests, the term Knight-errant sprang from this, as errant meant roving or wandering. Sir Thomas Malory included many in Le Morte dArthur, the most famous—perhaps in all of western literature—centers on the Holy Grail in Arthurian legend. This story cycle recounts multiple quests, in variants, telling stories both of the heroes who succeed, like Percival or Sir Galahad, and also the heroes who fail. This often sent them into a bewildering forest, despite many references to its pathlessness, the forest repeatedly confronts knights with forks and crossroads, of a labyrinthine complexity. The significiance of their encounters is explained to the knights—particularly those searching for the Holy Grail—by hermits acting as wise old men -- or women. So consistently did knights quest that Miguel de Cervantes set his Don Quixote on mock quests in a parody of chivalric tales, nevertheless, while Don Quixote was a fool, he was and remains a hero of chivalry. Analysis can interpret many stories as a quest in which the character is seeking something that he desires
5.
Magic (paranormal)
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Magic or sorcery is the use of rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language with the aim of exploiting supernatural forces. The term magic has a variety of meanings, and there is no agreed upon definition of what it is or how it can be used. Religious scholars have defined magic in many different ways, one approach, associated with the anthropologists Edward Tylor and James G. Frazer, has magic and science be opposites. Many scholars of religion have rejected the utility of the term magic, the term magic comes from the Old Persian magu, a word that applied to a form of religious functionary about which little is known. This meaning of the term was adopted by Latin in the first century BCE. The concept was incorporated into Christian theology during the first century CE. This concept was pervasive throughout the Middle Ages, although in the modern period Italian humanists reinterpreted the term in a positive sense to establish the idea of natural magic. Both negative and positive understandings of the term were retained in Western culture over the following centuries, throughout Western history, there have been examples of individuals claiming to be practitioners of magic and referring to themselves as magicians. This trend has proliferated in the period, with a growing number of magicians appearing within the esoteric milieu. Scholars of religion have failed to agree on a definition of magic is. The subject has one of intense dispute, with some scholars criticizing the validity of the term in the first place. Even among those throughout history who have described themselves as magicians, there has been some debate among scholars as to whether to use the term magic at all. The scholar of religion Jonathan Z. Smith for example argued that it had no utility as a term that scholars should use. Religious historian Wouter Hanegraaff agreed, stating that the magic is an important object of historical research. Since the 1990s its usage among scholars has declined, within Western culture, magic has been linked to the idea of the Other. Using the term magic when discussing non-Western cultures or pre-modern forms of Western society raises problems, alternately, this term implies that all categories of magic are ethnocentric and that such Western preconceptions are an unavoidable component of scholarly research. Magic is one of the most heavily theorized concepts in the study of religion, the intellectualist approach to defining magic is associated with two prominent British anthropologists, Edward Tylor and James G. Frazer. This was an approach that viewed magic as being the theoretical opposite of science, in his 1871 book Primitive Culture, Tylor characterized magic as beliefs based on the error of mistaking ideal analogy for real analogy
6.
Hero
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The concept of the hero was first founded in classical literature. It is the main or revered character in heroic epic poetry celebrated through ancient legends of a people, often striving for military conquest and living by a continually flawed personal honor code. The definition of a hero has changed throughout time, and the Merriam Webster dictionary defines a hero as a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities. The word hero comes from the Greek ἥρως, hero, warrior, before the decipherment of Linear B the original form of the word was assumed to be *ἥρωϝ-, hērōw-, R. S. P. Beekes has proposed a Pre-Greek origin. According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Indo-European root is *ser meaning to protect, according to Eric Partridge in Origins, the Greek word Hērōs is akin to the Latin seruāre, meaning to safeguard. Partridge concludes, The basic sense of both Hera and hero would therefore be protector, the word hero is used in English to refer either explicitly to male heroes or as a gender neutral form. The use of the male form hero as a gender neutral substantive is a modern advent, see also Gender neutrality in English. A classical hero is considered to be a warrior who lives and dies in the pursuit of honor, each classical heros life focuses on fighting, which occurs in war or during an epic quest. Classical heroes are commonly semi-divine and extraordinarily gifted, like Achilles, or, alternatively, are like Beowulf, evolving into heroic characters through their perilous circumstances. While these heroes are incredibly resourceful and skilled, they are often foolhardy, court disaster, risk their followers lives for trivial matters, during classical times, people regarded heroes with the highest esteem and utmost importance, explaining their prominence within epic literature. Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War, Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing 31,000 Greek fighters, offers Hyginus. Hector was known not only for his courage but also for his noble, indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful as well as bold, a good son, husband and father, and without darker motives. However, his familial values conflict greatly with his aspirations in The Iliad. Hector is ultimately betrayed by the gods when Athena appears disguised as his ally Deiphobus and convinces him to take on Achilles, Achilles was a Greek Hero who was considered the most formidable military fighter in the entire Trojan War and the central character of The Iliad. He was the child of Thetis and Peleus, making him a demi-god and he wielded superhuman strength on the battlefield and was blessed with a close relationship to the Gods. Achilles famously refuses to fight after his dishonoring at the hands of Agamemnon, Achilles was known for uncontrollable rage that defined many of his bloodthirsty actions, such as defiling Hectors corpse by dragging it around the city of Troy. Achilles plays a role in The Iliad brought about by constant de-humanization throughout the epic. Heroes in myth often had close but conflicted relationships with the gods, thus Heracless name means the glory of Hera, even though he was tormented all his life by Hera, the Queen of the Gods
7.
Snow White
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Snow White is a fictional character and a main character from Walt Disney Productions first animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The character of Snow White was derived from a tale known from many countries in Europe. Snow White is the first Disney Princess and the first fictional character with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Snow White first appears in the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, after many years, the Queens Magic Mirror confirms Snow White as being the fairest of them all, which causes the Queen to cast Snow White out and send a huntsman to kill her. But when he refuses to do so because she means no harm, Snow White stumbles upon the home of the Seven Dwarfs, who happily aid her. When the dwarfs are away the hag arrives at the cottage and offers Snow White the poisoned apple. Snow White bites into the apple and falls into a coma, the dwarfs discovering what had happened track down the Queen, a short fight ensues and the Queen is killed. Believing her dead too, the build a open grave for Snow White to rest on. Time passes and the Prince comes across Snow White, saddened by her apparent death, he kisses her, causing her to awaken. As the Seven Dwarfs dance with joy, Snow White and the Prince go off to live together, Snow White is a princess, and the fairest in the land. She is described by her stepmothers Magic Mirror as having hair as black as ebony, lips as red as the rose and her voice is also the inspiration for that of Minerva Mink in Animaniacs. Along with yellow shoes, a red cape, and a red bow in her hair, Snow White is innocent, kind, gentle, sweet, and cheerful. Her generous, trusting and helpful nature can cause her trouble, as people might take advantage of it, such as her vain. Although she is sensitive and soft-spoken, she can be energetic and stern, Snow White is motherly, compassionate and delights in keeping house for the lovable Seven Dwarfs while she waits to meet her beloved prince again. With her kindness and ethereal beauty, Snow White charms every creature in the kingdom except the Queen and she also shows great resilience and an inner strength against adversity. Animators initial sketches for Snow Whites character, some of which bore a resemblance to Betty Boop, did not meet Walt Disneys expectations, as they were too cartoonish. This was a challenge Luske and co-animator Les Clark had previously asked to explore while developing the character of Persephone for the Silly Symphonies animated short The Goddess of Spring. Of that project, Les Clark later remarked, Im sure Walt was thinking ahead to Snow White, Snow White and the Queen were refined by Grim Natwick and Norm Ferguson, who would often override Walt Disneys instructions
8.
Cinderella
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Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper, is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world, the title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances, that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune. The oldest documented version comes from China, and the oldest European version from Italy, the most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697, and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms Fairy Tales. Although the storys title and main characters change in different languages. The word Cinderella has, by analogy, come to one whose attributes were unrecognized, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity. The still-popular story of Cinderella continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, the Aarne–Thompson system classifies Cinderella as the persecuted heroine. The story of Rhodopis, about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt, is considered the earliest known variant of the Cinderella story, a version of the story, Ye Xian, appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Duan Chengshi around 860. Here, the hardworking and lovely girl befriends a fish, the rebirth of her mother, the fish is later killed by her stepmother and sister. Ye Xian saves the bones, which are magic, and they help her dress appropriately for the New Year Festival, when she loses her slipper after being recognized by her stepfamily, the king finds her slipper and falls in love with her. The Indonesian and Malaysian story Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, are two girls named Bawang Putih and Bawang Merah. While the two countrys respective versions differ in the relationship of the girls and the identity of the protagonist. Both have a fish as the fairy godmother to her daughter. The heroine then finds the bones and buries them, and over the grave a magical swing appears, the protagonist sits on the swing and sings to make it sway, her song reaching the ears of a passing Prince. The swing is akin to the slipper test, which distinguishes the heroine from her sister. In Indonesia, Bawang Putih is the girl, who suffers at the hands of her evil stepmother and stepsister, Bawang Merah. When the Prince enquires after the singer on the swing, Bawang Merah lies, the angry prince forces Bawang Merah and her mother to tell the truth. They then admit that there is another daughter in the house, Bawang Putih comes out and moves the magical swing by her singing. In the end, she and her prince marry and live happily ever after, in the Malaysian version, it is Bawang Merah and her mother Mak Labu who are good, while her half sister Bawang Putih and her mother Mak Kundur are evil
9.
Foil (literature)
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In fiction, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character —usually the protagonist— in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character. In some cases, a subplot can be used as a foil to the main plot and this is especially true in the case of metafiction and the story within a story motif. The word foil comes from the old practice of backing gems with foil in order to make them shine more brightly, a foil usually either differs dramatically or is extremely similar but with a key difference setting them apart. The concept of a foil is also widely applied to any comparison that is made to contrast a difference between two things. In Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the two characters, Dr. Frankenstein and his creature are both together literary foils, functioning to compare one to the other. In Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, Marys absorption in her studies places her as a foil to her sister Lydia Bennets lively, similarly, in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar, the character Brutus has foils in the two characters Cassius and Mark Antony
10.
Spouse
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A spouse is a life partner in a holy matrimony, marriage, civil union, domestic partnership or common-law marriage. The term is neutral, whereas a male spouse is a husband. The legal status of a spouse, and the rights and obligations associated with that status. These regulations are usually described in family law statutes, however, in many parts of the world, where civil marriage is not that prevalent, there is instead customary marriage, which is usually regulated informally by the community. In many parts of the world, spousal rights and obligations are related to the payment of bride price, dowry or dower. Historically, many societies have given sets of rights and obligations to male marital partners that have very different from the sets of rights. In particular, the control of property, inheritance rights. However, this practice was curtailed to a deal in many countries in the twentieth century. Among the last European countries to establish gender equality in marriage were Switzerland, Greece, Spain. Depending on jurisdiction, the refusal or inability of a spouse to perform the marital obligations may constitute a ground for divorce, the latter two options are more prevalent in countries where the dominant religion is Roman Catholicism, some of which introduced divorce only recently. In recent years, many Western countries have adopted no fault divorce, in some parts of the world, the formal dissolution of a marriage is complicated by the payments and goods which have been exchanged between families. The girls family often cannot or does not want to pay it back, there is often a minimum legal marriageable age. In contrast,18 is the age for marriage without consent among males in 180 countries. Additionally, in 105 countries, boys can marry with the consent of a parent or a pertinent authority, although in Western countries spouses sometimes choose not to have children, such a choice is not accepted in some parts of the world. In some cultures and religions, the quality of a spouse imposes an obligation to have children, in northern Ghana, for example, the payment of bride price signifies a womans requirement to bear children, and women using birth control are at risks of threats and coercion. There are many ways in which a spouse is chosen, which vary across the world, and include love marriage, arranged marriage, the latter is in some jurisdictions a void marriage or a voidable marriage. Forcing someone to marry is also an offense in some countries. Bride Spousal privilege Work spouses, a pair of co-workers sharing emotional bonds similar to those in a marriage
11.
Charles Perrault
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Charles Perrault was a French author and member of the Académie Française. He laid the foundations for a new genre, the fairy tale. The best known of his tales include Le Petit Chaperon Rouge, Cendrillon, Le Chat Botté, La Belle au bois Dormant, some of Perraults versions of old stories have influenced the German versions published by the Brothers Grimm more than 100 years later. The stories continue to be printed and have adapted to opera, ballet, theatre. Perrault was a figure in the 17th-century French literary scene, and was the leader of the Modern faction during the Quarrel of the Ancients. Perrault was born in Paris to a bourgeois family, the seventh child of Pierre Perrault. He attended very good schools and studied law before embarking on a career in government service and he took part in the creation of the Academy of Sciences as well as the restoration of the Academy of Painting. In 1654, he moved in with his brother Pierre, who had purchased a post as the tax collector of the city of Paris. When the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres was founded in 1663, Perrault was appointed its secretary and served under Jean Baptiste Colbert, Jean Chapelain, Amable de Bourzeys, and Jacques Cassagne were also appointed. His design was chosen over designs by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and François Mansart, in 1668, Perrault wrote La Peinture to honor the kings first painter, Charles Le Brun. He also wrote Courses de tetes et de bague, written to commemorate the 1662 celebrations staged by Louis for his mistress, Louise-Françoise de La Baume le Blanc, Perrault was elected to the Académie française in 1671. He married Marie Guichon, age 19, in 1672, she died in 1678, in 1669 Perrault advised Louis XIV to include thirty-nine fountains each representing one of the fables of Aesop in the labyrinth of Versailles in the gardens of Versailles. The work was carried out between 1672 and 1677, water jets spurting from the animals mouths were conceived to give the impression of speech between the creatures. There was a plaque with a caption and a written by the poet Isaac de Benserade next to each fountain. Perrault produced the guidebook for the labyrinth, Labyrinte de Versailles, printed at the press, Paris, in 1677. Philippe Quinault, a family friend of the Perraults, quickly gained a reputation as the librettist for the new musical genre known as opera. He was on the side of the Moderns and wrote Le Siècle de Louis le Grand, Le Siècle de Louis le Grand was written in celebration of Louis XIVs recovery from a life-threatening operation. Perrault argued that because of Louiss enlightened rule, the present age was superior in respect to ancient times
12.
Madame d'Aulnoy
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Marie-Catherine Le Jumel de Barneville, Baroness dAulnoy, also known as Countess dAulnoy, was a French writer known for her fairy tales. When she termed her works contes de fées, she originated the term that is now used for the genre. DAulnoy was born in Barneville-la-Bertran, Calvados, as a member of the family of Le Jumel de Barneville. In 1666, she was given at the age of fifteen in a marriage to a Parisian thirty years older—François de la Motte, Baron dAulnoy. The baron was a freethinker and a known gambler, over the next three years, the couple had three children. In 1669, the Baron dAulnoy was accused of treason but the accusations, in which Mme dAulnoy appeared to be involved, proved to be false, and two men implicated in the accusation were executed. Marie-Catherines mother fled the country as she was allegedly involved. She had three children and discontinued involvement in the Paris social scene for twenty years. During this period, she said that she had traveled to Spain, with her mother, who remained in Madrid, and England. Much of this time was spent writing stories inspired by these destinations. Madame dAulnoy was a permanent resident of Paris again by 1690, over the next thirteen years she published twelve books including three pseudo-memoirs, two fairy tale collections and three historical novels. Gaining the reputation as a historian and recorder of tales from outside France, however, at this time the idea of history was a much looser term which included her fictional accounts. In 150 years, the more strictly documented form of the led to her accounts being declared fraudulent. However, in France and England at the time her works were considered as mere entertainment and her truly accurate attempts at historical accounts telling of the Dutch wars of Louis XIV were less successful. Her most popular works were her fairy tales and adventure stories as told in Les Contes des Fees and Contes Nouveaux, ou Les Fées à la Mode. Unlike the folk tales of the Grimm Brothers, who were born some 135 years later than dAulnoy, she told her stories in a conversational style. These stories were far from suitable for children and many English adaptations are very dissimilar to the original
13.
The Blue Bird (fairy tale)
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The Blue Bird is a French literary fairy tale by Madame dAulnoy, published in 1697. An English translation was included in The Green Fairy Book,1892, the tale is Aarne–Thompson type 432, The Prince as Bird. Others of this type include The Feather of Finist the Falcon, The Green Knight, after a wealthy king loses his dear wife, he meets and falls in love with a woman, who is also recently widowed and they marry. The king has a daughter named Florine and the queen also has a daughter named Truitonne, while Florine is beautiful and kind-hearted, Truitonne is spoiled, selfish and ugly and it is not too long before she and her mother become jealous of Florines beauty. One day, the king decides the time has come to arrange his daughters marriages and soon, the queen is determined for him to marry Truitonne, so she dresses her daughter in all her finery for the reception and bribes Florines ladies-in-waiting to steal all her dresses and jewels. But her plan backfires for when the Prince claps eyes on Florine, he falls in love with her at once and pays attention only to her. The queen and Truitonne are so furious that they badger the king until he agrees to lock Florine up for the length of the visit, the queen sends Prince Charming many gifts, but when he hears they are from Truitonne, he rejects them. The queen angrily tells him that Florine will be locked in a tower until he leaves, Prince Charming is outraged and begs to speak with Florine for a moment. The devious queen agrees, but secretly arranges for Truitonne to meet the Prince instead, in the darkness of their meeting place, Prince Charming mistakes Truitonne for Florine and unwittingly asks for the princesss hand in marriage. Truitonne conspires with her godmother, Mazilla, but Mazilla tells her it will be difficult to deceive the Prince. At the wedding ceremony, Truitonne produces the Princes ring and pleads her case, when Prince Charming realises he has been tricked, he refuses to marry her and nothing that Truitonne or Mazilla do can persuade him. At last, Mazilla threatens to curse him for breaking his promise, the queen, on hearing of the news, blames Florine, she dresses Truitonne as a bride and shows her to Florine, claiming that Prince Charming has agreed to marry her. She then persuades the King that Florine is so infautated with Prince Charming that she had best remain in the tower until she comes to her senses, however, the bluebird flies to the tower one evening and tells Florine the truth. Over many years, the bluebird visits her often, bringing her gifts of jewels. Over the years, the continues to look for a suitor for Truitonne. One day, exasperated by the many suitors that have rejected Truitonne, Florine opens the window to let the bird escape, but the Queen discovers her jewellery and realises that she has been receiving some kind of aid. She accuses Florine of treason, but the bluebird manages to foil the queens plot, for many days, Florine does not call the bluebird for fear of the queens spy, but one night, as the spy sleeps soundly, she calls the bluebird. They continue to meet for some nights thereafter until the spy hears one of their meetings and tells the Queen
14.
Andrew Lang
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Andrew Lang was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and contributor to the field of anthropology. He is best known as a collector of folk and fairy tales, the Andrew Lang lectures at the University of St Andrews are named after him. On 17 April 1875, he married Leonora Blanche Alleyne, youngest daughter of C. T. Alleyne of Clifton and she was variously credited as author, collaborator, or translator of Langs Color/Rainbow Fairy Books which he edited. He soon made a reputation as one of the most able and versatile writers of the day as a journalist, poet, critic, in 1906, he was elected FBA. He died of angina pectoris at the Tor-na-Coille Hotel in Banchory, Banchory and he was buried in the cathedral precincts at St Andrews. Lang is now known for his publications on folklore, mythology. The interest in folklore was from early life, he read John Ferguson McLennan before coming to Oxford, the earliest of his publications is Custom and Myth. In Myth, Ritual and Religion he explained the irrational elements of mythology as survivals from more primitive forms and his Blue Fairy Book was a beautifully produced and illustrated edition of fairy tales that has become a classic. This was followed by other collections of fairy tales, collectively known as Andrew Langs Fairy Books. In the preface of the Lilac Fairy Book he credits his wife with translating and transcribing most of the stories in the collections, Lang examined the origins of totemism in Social Origins. Lang was one of the founders of psychical research and his writings on anthropology include The Book of Dreams and Ghosts, Magic and Religion. He served as President of the Society for Psychical Research in 1911. He collaborated with S. H. Butcher in a translation of Homers Odyssey. He was a Homeric scholar of conservative views, Langs writings on Scottish history are characterised by a scholarly care for detail, a piquant literary style, and a gift for disentangling complicated questions. He also wrote monographs on The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart and James VI, the somewhat unfavourable view of John Knox presented in his book John Knox and the Reformation aroused considerable controversy. He gave new information about the career of the Young Pretender in Pickle the Spy, an account of Alestair Ruadh MacDonnell, whom he identified with Pickle. This was followed by The Companions of Pickle and a monograph on Prince Charles Edward, in 1900 he began a History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation. He edited The Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, and was responsible for the Life and Letters of JG Lockhart, and The Life, Letters and Diaries of Sir Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh
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Andrew Lang's Fairy Books
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Andrew Langs Fairy Books are a series of twenty-five collections of true and fictional stories for children, published between 1889 and 1913. The best known books of the series are the collections of fairy tales. In all, the volumes feature 798 stories, besides the 153 poems in The Blue Poetry Book, Andrew Lang was a Scots poet, novelist, and literary critic. As acknowledged in the prefaces, although Lang himself made most of the selections, his wife, four of the later volumes were published as by Mrs. Lang. He is best recognized for the works he did not write, the twelve Coloured Fairy Books were illustrated by H. J. Ford, the first two volumes shared with G. P. Jacomb-Hood and Lancelot Speed respectively, the sequels alone. Several other volumes were illustrated by Ford, a. Wallis Mills also contributed some illustrations. The most well-known volumes of the series are the twelve Fairy Books, although Lang did not collect any fairy tales himself from oral primary sources, only he and Madame dAulnoy have collected tales from such a large variety of sources. These collections have been influential, Lang gave many of the tales their first appearance in English. As acknowledged in the prefaces, although Lang himself made most of the selections, his wife, Langs urge to gather and publish fairy tales was rooted in his own experience with the folk and fairy tales of his home territory along the English-Scottish border. At the time he worked, English fairy-tale collections were rare, over a generation, Langs books worked a revolution in this public perception. The series was popular, helped by Langs reputation as a folklorist. The series proved of great influence in literature, increasing the popularity of fairy tales over tales of real life. It inspired such imitators as English Fairy Tales and More English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, some of Langs collected stories were included without any attribution at all, and the rest are listed with brief notes. When this is Grimm or Madame dAulnoy or attributed to a collection, the stories can be tracked down. For instance, The Wonderful Birch is listed only as From the Russo-Karelian, J. R. R. Tolkien, in his essay On Fairy-Stories stated that while he appreciated the collections, he objected to his editing the stories for children. He also criticized Lang for including stories without magical elements in them, here, unlike The Giant Who Had No Heart in His Body or other similar stories, the monkey merely claims that his heart is outside his body. However, many fairy tale collectors include tales with no strictly marvelous elements, the first edition consisted of 5000 copies, which sold for 6 shillings each. The book assembled a range of tales, with seven from the Brothers Grimm, five from Madame dAulnoy
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Oscar Wilde
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Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist, and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he one of Londons most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is remembered for his epigrams, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, his plays, as well as the circumstances of his imprisonment, Wildes parents were successful Anglo-Irish, Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life, at university, Wilde read Greats, he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the philosophy of aestheticism. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles, known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress and glittering conversation, Wilde became one of the best-known personalities of his day. The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with social themes. He wrote Salome in French in Paris but it was refused a licence for England due to the prohibition of Biblical subjects on the English stage. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, at the height of his fame and success, while The Importance of Being Earnest, was still being performed in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry prosecuted for criminal libel. The Marquess was the father of Wildes lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, the charge carried a penalty of up to two years in prison. The trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest, after two more trials he was convicted and imprisoned for two years hard labour. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain, there he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of 46, Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin, the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Wilde, two years behind William. Wildes mother was of Italian descent, and under the pseudonym Speranza and she read the Young Irelanders poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons. Lady Wildes interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece, William Wilde was Irelands leading oto-ophthalmologic surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland. He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore, a renowned philanthropist, his dispensary for the care of the citys poor at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road. On his fathers side Wilde was descended from a Dutchman, Colonel de Wilde, on his mothers side Wildes ancestors included a bricklayer from County Durham who emigrated to Ireland sometime in the 1770s. Wilde was baptised as an infant in St, marks Church, Dublin, the local Church of Ireland church
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The Picture of Dorian Gray
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The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincotts Monthly Magazine. The magazines editor feared the story was indecent, and without Wildes knowledge, the content, style, and presentation of the preface made it famous in its own right, as a literary and artistic manifesto. The only novel written by Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray exists in several versions, as literature of the 19th century, The Picture of Dorian Gray is an example of Gothic fiction with strong themes interpreted from Faust. Through Basil, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, and he soon is enthralled by the aristocrats hedonistic worldview, newly understanding that his beauty will fade, Dorian expresses the desire to sell his soul, to ensure that the picture, rather than he, will age and fade. The wish is granted, and Dorian pursues a life of varied and amoral experiences, while staying young and beautiful, all the while his portrait ages. The plot of the varies between each of the published versions. The summary below deals with the longest version, the 1891 novel, however, certain episodes described—in particular Dorians encounter with, and murder of, James Vane—do not appear in the version originally submitted by Wilde to Lippincotts. While sitting for the painting, Dorian listens to Lord Henry espousing his hedonistic world view and this prompts Dorian to wish that the painted image of himself would age instead of himself. Under the hedonist influence of Lord Henry, Dorian fully explores his sensuality and he discovers the actress Sibyl Vane, who performs Shakespeare plays in a dingy, working-class theatre. Dorian approaches and courts her, and soon proposes marriage, the enamoured Sibyl calls him Prince Charming, and swoons with the happiness of being loved, but her protective brother, James, warns that if Prince Charming harms her, he will murder him. Dorian invites Basil and Lord Henry to see Sibyl perform in Romeo, Sibyl, too enamoured with Dorian to act, performs poorly, which makes both Basil and Lord Henry think Dorian has fallen in love with Sibyl because of her beauty instead of her acting talent. Embarrassed, Dorian rejects Sibyl, telling her that acting was her beauty, without that, on returning home, Dorian notices that the portrait has changed, his wish has come true, and the man in the portrait bears a subtle sneer of cruelty. Conscience-stricken and lonely, Dorian decides to reconcile with Sibyl, but he is too late, Dorian then understands that, where his life is headed, lust and good looks shall suffice. Dorian locks the portrait up, and over the eighteen years, he experiments with every vice. One night, before leaving for Paris, Basil goes to Dorians house to ask him about rumours of his self-indulgent sensualism, Dorian does not deny his debauchery, and takes Basil to see the portrait. The portrait has become so hideous that Basil is only able to identify it as his work by the signature he affixes to all his portraits, Basil is horrified, and beseeches Dorian to pray for salvation. In anger, Dorian blames his fate on Basil, and stabs him to death, Dorian then calmly blackmails an old friend, the scientist Alan Campbell, into using his knowledge of chemistry to destroy the body of Basil Hallward. Alan later kills himself over the deed, to escape the guilt of his crime, Dorian goes to an opium den, where James Vane is unknowingly present
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the earliest Disney animated feature film. The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce. Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21,1937 and it was a critical and commercial success, and with international earnings of $8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest-grossing sound film at the time. The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times, adjusted for inflation, it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office. At the 11th Academy Awards, Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar, Disneys take on the fairy tale has had a significant cultural impact, resulting in popular theme park attractions, a video game, and a Broadway musical. Snow White is a princess living with her stepmother, a vain. The Queen fears that Snow Whites beauty surpasses her own, so she forces Snow White to work as a scullery maid, for several years the mirror always answered that the Queen was, pleasing her. One day, the Magic Mirror informs the Queen that Snow White is now the fairest in the land, the jealous Queen orders her Huntsman to take Snow White into the forest and kill her. She further demands that the return with Snow Whites heart in a jeweled box as proof of the deed. However, the Huntsman cannot bring himself to kill Snow White and he tearfully begs for her forgiveness, revealing the Queen wants her dead and urges her to flee into the woods and never look back. Lost and frightened, the princess is befriended by woodland creatures who lead her to a deep in the woods. Finding seven small chairs in the dining room, Snow White assumes the cottage is the untidy home of seven orphaned children. In reality, the cottage belongs to seven adult dwarfs, named Doc, Grumpy, Happy, Sleepy, Bashful, Sneezy, and Dopey, returning home, they are alarmed to find their cottage clean and suspect that an intruder has invaded their home. The dwarfs find Snow White upstairs, asleep across three of their beds, Snow White awakes to find the dwarfs at her bedside and introduces herself, and all of the dwarfs eventually welcome her into their home after they learn she can cook and clean beautifully. Snow White keeps house for the dwarfs while they mine for jewels during the day, the Queen goes to the cottage while the dwarfs are away, but the animals are wary of her and rush off to find the dwarfs. Faking a potential attack, the Queen tricks Snow White bringing her into the cottage to rest
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Snow White (Disney character)
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Snow White is a fictional character and a main character from Walt Disney Productions first animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The character of Snow White was derived from a tale known from many countries in Europe. Snow White is the first Disney Princess and the first fictional character with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Snow White first appears in the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, after many years, the Queens Magic Mirror confirms Snow White as being the fairest of them all, which causes the Queen to cast Snow White out and send a huntsman to kill her. But when he refuses to do so because she means no harm, Snow White stumbles upon the home of the Seven Dwarfs, who happily aid her. When the dwarfs are away the hag arrives at the cottage and offers Snow White the poisoned apple. Snow White bites into the apple and falls into a coma, the dwarfs discovering what had happened track down the Queen, a short fight ensues and the Queen is killed. Believing her dead too, the build a open grave for Snow White to rest on. Time passes and the Prince comes across Snow White, saddened by her apparent death, he kisses her, causing her to awaken. As the Seven Dwarfs dance with joy, Snow White and the Prince go off to live together, Snow White is a princess, and the fairest in the land. She is described by her stepmothers Magic Mirror as having hair as black as ebony, lips as red as the rose and her voice is also the inspiration for that of Minerva Mink in Animaniacs. Along with yellow shoes, a red cape, and a red bow in her hair, Snow White is innocent, kind, gentle, sweet, and cheerful. Her generous, trusting and helpful nature can cause her trouble, as people might take advantage of it, such as her vain. Although she is sensitive and soft-spoken, she can be energetic and stern, Snow White is motherly, compassionate and delights in keeping house for the lovable Seven Dwarfs while she waits to meet her beloved prince again. With her kindness and ethereal beauty, Snow White charms every creature in the kingdom except the Queen and she also shows great resilience and an inner strength against adversity. Animators initial sketches for Snow Whites character, some of which bore a resemblance to Betty Boop, did not meet Walt Disneys expectations, as they were too cartoonish. This was a challenge Luske and co-animator Les Clark had previously asked to explore while developing the character of Persephone for the Silly Symphonies animated short The Goddess of Spring. Of that project, Les Clark later remarked, Im sure Walt was thinking ahead to Snow White, Snow White and the Queen were refined by Grim Natwick and Norm Ferguson, who would often override Walt Disneys instructions
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Andreas Deja
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Andreas Deja is a Polish-born German-American character animator, most noted for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Deja was born in Poland, but moved with his family to Germany and he credits seeing Disneys The Jungle Book as an 11-year-old with inspiring him to become an animator. After graduating from Theodor-Heuss Gymnasium, he studied design at the Folkwang Hochschule in Essen. The first film on which he worked for was The Black Cauldron, during his rookie days at Disney, Deja sought mentorship and practical advice from seven of the then-living Nine Old Men, who were already retired before his tenure. Deja has collected information on the Nine Old Men over the years, Deja is best known as the supervising animator of some of the most memorable Disney villains, Gaston in Beauty and the Beast, Jafar in Aladdin, Scar in The Lion King and Queen Narissa in Enchanted. In addition, he is the current resident specialist for the animation of Mickey Mouse, in 2006, at the 35th Annie Awards, Deja was awarded the Winsor McCay Award for outstanding contribution to the art of animation. In 2011, he began a blog where he shares some of his collection of the work of the early Disney animators and he is currently working on the animated film Mushka with a planned release for 2017. His sexuality has been discussed as an influence on the development of some Disney characters, Andreas Deja at the Internet Movie Database Deja View, Andreas Dejas blog IGN Interview with Deja Animated News Interview with Deja Interview with Deja, DVD Movie Guide
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Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
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Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. To become a prince again, Beast must win her love in return, otherwise, he will remain a monster forever. The film also features the voices of Richard White, Jerry Orbach, David Ogden Stiers, Walt Disney first attempted unsuccessfully to adapt Beauty and the Beast into an animated film during the 1930s and 1950s. Following the success of The Little Mermaid, Walt Disney Pictures decided to adapt the fairy tale, Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg eventually dismissed Purdums idea and ordered that the film be a musical similar to The Little Mermaid instead. The film was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, with a screenplay by Linda Woolverton story first credited to Roger Allers, lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken wrote the films songs. Ashman, who served as the films executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications eight months before the films release. The film was a box office success, grossing $425 million worldwide and it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song. In April 1994, Beauty and the Beast became Disneys first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical, the success of the film spawned two direct-to-video follow-ups, Beauty and the Beast, The Enchanted Christmas and Belles Magical World. This was followed by a television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. An IMAX version was released in 2002 that included Human Again, after the success of the 3D re-release of The Lion King, the film was reissued in 3D in 2012. In 2002, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, a live-action remake of the film was released on March 17,2017. Somewhere in France, an enchantress, disguised as an old beggar, offers an enchanted rose to a prince in exchange for shelter in his castle from the bitter cold. For his callousness, the enchantress transforms him into a beast to match his character and she gives him a magic mirror that enables him to view faraway events, along with the rose. To break the spell, the prince must learn to love another, if he fails, he will remain a beast forever. Ten years later, a woman, Belle, is bored of her village life. Because of her nonconformist ideals, she is ridiculed by everyone except her father Maurice, the bookseller. Despite being popular with the townsfolk, Gaston is determined to marry Belle, Maurice and his horse Phillipe get lost in the forest while traveling to a fair to present his newest invention, a wood-chopping machine. When Phillipe abandons Maurice, he comes across the Beasts castle, inside, he meets Lumière the candlestick, Cogsworth the clock, Mrs. Potts the teapot, and her son Chip the teacup
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Gaston (Disney)
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Gaston is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film Beauty and the Beast. Gaston serves as a personality to the Beast, who was once as vain as Gaston prior to his transformation, however he is fiendish. Both Disney and supervising animator Andreas Deja initially struggled with the concept of animating a handsome villain, Gaston both physically and emotionally embodies hypermasculinity. In direct contrast to his adversary the Beast, Gaston is depicted as handsome with an unattractive personality, Gaston has been generally positively received by film critics, although some of them dismissed the character as an inferior, less memorable villain than some of the studios previous efforts. Considered to be one of Disneys most famous villains, Gaston is frequently ranked within the top-tens of Disney villain rankings released by media publications. Gaston is one of several unique to Disneys animated adaptation of the Beauty. This version of Gaston was abandoned along with much of the film treatments elements, including Marguerite. With Marguerite completely eliminated, Gaston replaced her and ultimately became a more formidable villain, Musicals in Film, A Guide to the Genre author Thomas S. However, some filmmakers continued to contest whether or not Gaston was actually a strong enough villain. Several darker elements originally conceived for the film were written out of the final version. During Gaston and the Beasts climatic battle, the character was intended to yell Time to die. To his adversary, but the writers ultimately replaced this line with Belle is mine, in order to return some of the scenes focus to the heroine of the story, over whom the two men are fighting. The writers also briefly deliberated Gaston killing himself once he realizes that Belle will never love him, small skulls were drawn in Gastons eyes as he descends from the Beasts castle to confirm that he does, in fact, die from his fall. Disney hosted an open casting call for the character, which several actors attended, american actor and opera singer Richard White was selected to voice Gaston. His initial audition was first recorded on cassette, a copy of which was then forwarded to Disney. Dave Kehr of the Chicago Tribune compared Whites brash vocal performance to that of actor Howard Keel, Andreas Deja served as Gastons supervising animator. In the case of Gaston, Deja stated that viewers are unable to decipher whether or not the character is actually an antagonist based on his physical appearance alone. White agreed that Gaston is full of himself, of course, Deja explained, I understood him from a story point of view, but visually was hard, and at times argued with Katzenberg over whether or not the character was handsome enough. Some Disney executives also shared Dejas initial hesitation over the characters appearance, no one said it was going to be easy
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Soap opera
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A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past, the first serial considered to be a soap opera was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20,1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. The first nationally broadcast radio soap opera was Clara, Lu, and Em, a crucial element that defines the soap opera is the open-ended serial nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. One of the features that makes a television program a soap opera. While Spanish language telenovelas are sometimes called soap operas, telenovelas have conflicts that get resolved, but with soap operas each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode. You spend more time even with the characters, the apparent villains grow less apparently villainous. Soap opera storylines run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments, each episode may feature some of the shows current storylines, but not always all of them. Soap operas rarely bring all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time, when one storyline ends, there are several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger, evening soap operas and those that air at a rate of one episode per week are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode, and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger, the article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, the storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. These elements may be found across the gamut of soap operas, Due to the prominence of English-language television, most soap-operas are completely English. In many soap operas, in particular daytime serials in the US, Soap operas from the United Kingdom and Australia tend to focus on more everyday characters and situations, and are frequently set in working class environments. Many of the soaps produced in two countries explore social realist storylines such as family discord, marriage breakdown or financial problems. This diverges from US soap operas where such comedy is rare, UK soap operas frequently make a claim to presenting reality or purport to have a realistic style. Romance, secret relationships, extramarital affairs, and genuine hate have been the basis for many soap opera storylines, in US daytime serials, the most popular soap opera characters, and the most popular storylines, often involved a romance of the sort presented in paperback romance novels. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder may go unpunished if the perpetrator is to be retained in the ongoing story, Australian and UK soap operas also feature a significant proportion of romance storylines. In Russia, most popular serials explore the romantic quality of criminal and/or oligarch life, in soap opera storylines, previously unknown children, siblings and twins of established characters often emerge to upset and reinvigorate the set of relationships examined by the series
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Into the Woods
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Into the Woods is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine. The musical intertwines the plots of several Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault fairy tales, exploring the consequences of the characters wishes, the main characters are taken from Little Red Riding Hood, Jack and the Beanstalk, Rapunzel, and Cinderella, as well as several others. The film grossed over $213 million worldwide and received three Academy Award nominations and three Golden Globe Award nominations, in addition to the curse, the Witch took the Bakers fathers newborn child Rapunzel. Cinderella visits her mothers grave and receives a beautiful gown and golden slippers from her mothers spirit, Jack encounters a Mysterious Man who mocks him for trying to sell his cow for more than a sack of beans and then vanishes. Little Red Ridinghood meets a hungry Wolf who convinces her to take a detour on her way to Grannys. The Baker sees Little Red Ridinghood in the woods, and when the Witch appears, screaming at him to get the red cape, luckily his wife, who followed him into the forest, reminds him. They are squabbling over her presence when they come across Jack with Milky White, not having the money necessary to buy the cow, they convince Jack that the beans the Baker has found in his fathers old hunting jacket are magic and buy the cow for five of them. Jack bids a tearful goodbye to his cow, and the Baker orders his wife to return to the village with the cow and he has qualms about being so dishonest, but his wife reasons that the chance to have a child justifies their trickery. The Witch has raised Rapunzel as her own daughter, keeping her away from the world in a tall tower in the middle of the woods, accessible only by climbing Rapunzels long. However, on this day a handsome prince spies the beautiful Rapunzel, in another part of the wood, the Baker has tracked down Little Red Ridinghood. Following the Witchs advice, he attempts to steal the red cape. When Little Red Ridinghood arrives at her grandmothers house, she is swallowed by the Wolf, the Baker, in pursuit of the cape, slays the Wolf, pulling Little Red Ridinghood and her grandmother from the beasts innards. Little Red Riding hood rewards him with the red cape, reflecting on her new experiences, meanwhile, Jacks mother angrily tosses the beans aside, which end up growing into an enormous stalk overnight, and sends her son to bed without supper. As Cinderella flees the Festival, pursued by another handsome prince and his steward, Cinderella explains that it was a nice ball but seems fairly ambivalent about the experience. As a giant beanstalk begins to sprout from the next to Jacks cottage. She tries to chase after Cinderella but inadvertently allows Milky White to run off, the characters each state morals and credos as the first midnight chimes and they continue their journeys through the woods. The next morning, Jack describes his adventure after he returns from climbing the beanstalk. He gives the Baker five gold pieces he stole from the giants to buy back his cow, when the Baker hesitates, Jack climbs back up the beanstalk to find more
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Rapunzel
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Rapunzel is a German fairy tale in the collection assembled by the Brothers Grimm, and first published in 1812 as part of Childrens and Household Tales. The Grimm Brothers story is an adaptation of the fairy tale Rapunzel by Friedrich Schulz published in 1790 and its plot has been used and parodied in various media and its best known line is an idiom of popular culture. In volume I of the 1812 annotations, it is listed as coming from Friedrich Schulz Kleine Romane, Book 5, pp. 269–288, in the Aarne–Thompson classification system for folktales it is type 310, The Maiden in The Tower. Andrew Lang included it in The Red Fairy Book, other versions of the tale also appear in A Book of Witches by Ruth Manning-Sanders and in Paul O. Zelinskys 1997 Caldecott Medal-winning picture book, Rapunzel and the Disney movie Tangled. Rapunzels story has striking similarities to the 11th-century Persian tale of Rudāba, Rudāba offers to let down her hair from her tower so that her lover Zāl can climb up to her. Some elements of the tale might also have originally been based upon the tale of Saint Barbara. A lonely couple, who want a child, live next to a garden belonging to an evil witch named Dame Gothel. The wife, experiencing the cravings associated with the arrival of her pregnancy, notices a rapunzel plant, growing in the garden and longs for it. One night, her husband breaks into the garden to get some salad for her and she makes a salad out of it and greedily eats it. It tastes so good that she longs for more, so her husband goes to get some for her a second time. As he scales the wall to home, Dame Gothel catches him. He begs for mercy, and she agrees to be lenient, when the baby girl is born, Dame Gothel takes her to raise as her own and names her Rapunzel after the plant her mother craved. She grows up to be the most beautiful child in the world with golden hair. When she reaches her twelfth year, Dame Gothel shuts her away in a tower in the middle of the woods, with neither stairs nor a door, and only one room and one window. When she visits her, she stands beneath the tower and calls out, Rapunzel, Rapunzel, let down your hair, one day, a prince rides through the forest and hears Rapunzel singing from the tower. Entranced by her voice, he searches for her and discovers the tower. He returns often, listening to her singing, and one day sees Dame Gothel visit. When Dame Gothel leaves, he bids Rapunzel let her hair down, when she does so, he climbs up, makes her acquaintance, and eventually asks her to marry him
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Into the Woods (film)
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Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheims Broadway musical of the same name. Ultimately, the characters are forced to rectify the consequences of their actions, principal photography commenced in September 2013, and took place entirely in the United Kingdom, including at Shepperton Studios in London. Into the Woods held its premiere at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 8,2014. A Baker and his Wife wish for a child but suffer under a curse laid upon the Bakers family by a Witch who found the Bakers father robbing her garden when his mother was pregnant. The Bakers father also stole some beans which caused the Witchs mother to punish her with the curse of ugliness, the Witch later tells the Baker that she asked him to do this task for her because she is not allowed to touch any of the objects. After a series of failed attempts and misadventures, the Baker, the characters debate the morality of handing Jack over. In the process, Red Riding Hoods Mother and Grandmother, Jacks Mother, the characters blame each other for their individual actions that lead to the tragedy, ultimately blaming the Witch for raising the beans in the first place. She curses them for their inability to accept their individual responsibilities and disappears into the ground, the characters lure the Giants Wife into stepping in the tar pit where she ultimately trips and falls to her death. The Giants Wife is killed, and the move forward with their ruined lives. The Baker, thinking of his Wife, is determined to be a good father, Cinderella decides to leave the Prince and help the Baker, and Jack and Red Riding Hood, now orphans, are living with the Baker and Cinderella. The Baker comforts his son after he begins to cry by telling a story as the ends with the Witchs moral, meaning that children can change due to the parents actions. Thus, the film does slightly differ from the stage production, meanwhile, many of the songs in the film have slightly different lyrics than their stage counterparts due to the slight tweaking of storylines. Other changes include a reduction of the significant role of the Mysterious Man. Also, the character of the Narrator is deleted, and the film is narrated by the Baker. The minor role of Cinderellas Father was cut, and he is mentioned as deceased. Due to the films compressed storyline, Rapunzels pregnancy is eliminated, Rapunzels ultimate fate is also changed, rather than being killed by the giant, she refuses to cooperate with her mother and flees with her prince. Similarly, much of the violence and sexual content is slightly toned down from the original musical. The death of Jacks Mother is less violent in the film, on stage, early attempts of adapting Into the Woods to film occurred in the early 1990s, with a script written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel
27.
Chris Pine
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Christopher Whitelaw Chris Pine is an American actor. He is known for his role as James T, Kirk in Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness, and Star Trek Beyond. Pine was born in Los Angeles and his father, Robert, is an actor who co-starred on CHiPs as Sergeant Joseph Getraer, and his mother, Gwynne Gilford, is a former actress who is now a practicing psychotherapist. He has a sister, Katie. His maternal grandmother, Anne Gwynne, was a Hollywood actress, Pines maternal grandfather was from a Russian Jewish family, while Pines other ancestry is English, Welsh, German, and French. Pine graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 2002 and he was an exchange student at the University of Leeds in England for one year. After graduating, he attended the Williamstown Theatre Festival, and he studied at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, Pines first acting role was in a 2003 episode of ER, the same year, he also appeared in episodes of The Guardian and CSI, Miami. In 2004, he appeared in Why Germany, a short film, and in The Princess Diaries 2, Royal Engagement. Pine played the part of Nicholas Devereaux, the love interest of Anne Hathaways leading character. In 2005, Pine appeared in an episode of the series Six Feet Under, as well as in Confession, an independent film that was released directly to video, Pine appeared in the made-for-television film Surrender, Dorothy which aired in early 2006. He played Jake Hardin in the American film Just My Luck, a comedy in which he starred opposite Lindsay Lohan. The film was released on May 12,2006, later that year, Pine appeared in the comedy Blind Dating, and in the action film Smokin Aces. Pine did the play, The Atheist, at Center Stage. In 2007, he starred opposite Scott Wolf in the Los Angeles production of Neil LaButes play Fat Pig, winning positive reviews for his depiction of a competitive and he portrayed real-life Napa Valley vintner Bo Barrett in the 2008 film Bottle Shock. In 2007, Pine turned down a role in an adaptation of White Jazz. Kirk in the 2009 Star Trek film, which was released to critical and that same month, he made a brief appearance promoting the film on Saturday Night Live, with co-stars Zachary Quinto and Leonard Nimoy. During the rest of summer 2009, he appeared in the Los Angeles production of the Beau Willimon play Farragut North. Pine appeared in the Los Angeles production of The Lieutenant of Inishmore during the summer of 2010, Pine was rumored to play the title role in the 2011 Green Lantern film, but the role eventually went to Ryan Reynolds
28.
Roger Zelazny
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Roger Joseph Zelazny was an American poet and writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels, best known for The Chronicles of Amber. The ostracod Sclerocypris zelaznyi was named after him, Roger Joseph Zelazny was born in Euclid, Ohio, the only child of Polish immigrant Joseph Frank Żelazny and Irish-American Josephine Flora Sweet. In high school, he became the editor of the school newspaper, in the fall of 1955, he began attending Western Reserve University and graduated with a B. A. in English in 1959. He was accepted to Columbia University in New York and specialized in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama and his M. A. thesis was entitled Two traditions and Cyril Tourneur, an examination of morality and humor comedy conventions in The Revengers Tragedy. Between 1962 and 1969 he worked for the U. S, social Security Administration in Cleveland, Ohio and then in Baltimore, Maryland spending his evenings writing science fiction. He deliberately progressed from short-shorts to novelettes to novellas and finally to novel-length works by 1965, on May 1,1969, he quit to become a full-time writer, and thereafter concentrated on writing novels in order to maintain his income. During this period, he was an active and vocal member of the Baltimore Science Fiction Society, whose members included writers Jack Chalker and Joe, Zelazny was married twice, first to Sharon Steberl in 1964, and then to Judith Alene Callahan in 1966. Roger and Judy had two sons, Devin and Trent and a daughter, Shannon, at the time of his death, Roger and Judy were separated and he was living with author Jane Lindskold. His first fanzine appearance was one of the story Conditional Benefit and his first professional publication. As a professional writer, his works were the simultaneous publication of Passion Play. Passion Play was written and sold first and his first story to attract major attention was A Rose for Ecclesiastes, published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, with cover art by Hannes Bok. anthologies. Raised as a Catholic by his parents, Zelazny later declared himself a lapsed Catholic, I did have a strong Catholic background, but I am not a Catholic. Somewhere in the past, I believe I answered in the affirmative once for strange, but I am not a member of any organized religion. Zelazny died in 1995, aged 58, of kidney failure secondary to colorectal cancer, in his stories, Roger Zelazny frequently portrayed characters from myth, depicted in the modern world. Zelazny was also apt to include numerous anachronistic present-day elements, such as cigarette-smoking and references to various drama classics into his fantasy and his crisp, minimalistic dialogue also seems to be somewhat influenced by the style of wisecracking hardboiled crime authors, such as Raymond Chandler or Dashiell Hammett. The tension between the ancient and the modern, surreal and familiar was what drove most of his work, a very frequent motif in Zelaznys work is immortality or people who become gods. Aside from working with themes, the most common recurring motif of Zelaznys is the absent father. This somewhat Freudian theme runs through almost every Zelazny novel to a smaller or larger degree, zelazny’s father, Joseph, died unexpectedly in 1962 and never knew his son’s successes as a writer, this event may have triggered Zelaznys unconscious and frequent use of the absent father motif
29.
Robert Sheckley
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Robert Sheckley was an American writer. First published in the fiction magazines of the 1950s, his numerous quick-witted stories and novels were famously unpredictable, absurdist. Sheckley was nominated for Hugo and Nebula awards and was named Author Emeritus by the Science Fiction, Sheckley was born to an assimilated Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York. In 1931 the family moved to Maplewood, New Jersey, Sheckley attended Columbia High School, where he discovered science fiction. Finally, still in 1946, he joined the U. S. Army and was sent to Korea, during his time in the army he served as a guard, an army newspaper editor, a payroll clerk, and guitarist in an army band. He left the service in 1948, Sheckley graduated from New York University in 1951. The same year he married, for the first time, to Barbara Scadron, the couple had one son, Jason. He quickly gained prominence as a writer, publishing stories in Imagination, Galaxy, the 1950s saw the publication of Sheckleys first four books, short story collections Untouched by Human Hands, Citizen in Space, and Pilgrimage to Earth, and a novel, Immortality, Inc. Sheckley and Scadron divorced in 1956, the writer married journalist Ziva Kwitney in 1957. The newly married couple lived in Greenwich Village and their daughter, Alisa Kwitney, born in 1964, would herself become a successful writer. Applauded by critic Kingsley Amis, Sheckley was now selling many of his deft, in addition to his science fiction stories, in the 1960s Sheckley started writing suspense fiction. More short story collections and novels appeared in the 1960s, Sheckley spent much of 1970s living on Ibiza. He and Kwitney divorced in 1972 and the same year Sheckley married Abby Schulman, the couple had two children, Anya and Jed. The couple separated while living in London, in 1980, the writer returned to the United States and became fiction editor of the newly established OMNI magazine. Sheckley left OMNI in 1981 with his wife, writer Jay Rothbell, they subsequently traveled widely in Europe, finally ending up in Portland, Oregon. He married Gail Dana of Portland in 1990, Sheckley continued publishing further science fiction and espionage or mystery stories, and collaborated with other writers such as Roger Zelazny and Harry Harrison. During an April 2005 visit to Ukraine for the Ukrainian Sci-Fi Computer Week and his condition was very serious for a week, but he appeared to be slowly recovering. Sheckleys official website ran a campaign to help cover his treatment
30.
Fables (comics)
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Fables was a comic book series published by DC Comicss Vertigo imprint beginning in 2002. The series deals with people from fairy tales and folklore – referring to themselves as Fables – who have been forced out of their Homelands by The Adversary who has conquered the realm. The Fables have traveled to our world and formed a community in New York City known as Fabletown. Fables who are unable to blend in with human society live at the Farm in upstate New York. A principal character is the Big Bad Wolf, who has not only reformed, but gained the ability to take on a human appearance. Many other casting characters have also been reformed in such a way to preserve their state from past fable descriptions. Earlier story arcs each take on the form of a different genre, the first is a mystery, the next a conspiracy thriller. Various artists have worked on the title, the covers were done by James Jean, who left the book after issue 81. João Ruas took over as cover artist after Jean left the series, the majority of the interior work has been done by Mark Buckingham, who reportedly will be given the reins to the story if Willingham becomes unable to continue it. Other artists include, Bryan Talbot, Lan Medina, P. Craig Russell, Mike Allred, Craig Hamilton and it was announced in November 2013 that the series would end with issue #150 in early 2015. The final issue of Fables was a larger than normal issue comprising most of the twenty-second Fables trade paperback and it was released in July 2015. The main characters of Fables are public figures from folklore, mythology. Bill Willingham has said the only considerations in deciding whether he chooses to use a character are is the character or story free for use, most of the characters seen so far are from European stories. The major exceptions are Arabian fables and American fables, from the world of Americana appearing in Jack of Fables, such as Paul Bunyan, Black Sambo. Most of these characters appear primarily in the Jack of Fables spin-off, Legends in Exile The introduction to Fabletown. Sheriff Bigby Wolf investigates the apparent murder of Rose Red, animal Farm A revolt occurs on the Farm, a place for non-human Fables. Bag O Bones A tale set during the American Civil War in which Jack Horner finds a way to cheat Death, a Two-Part Caper A mundane journalist finds out about the Fables and they have to decide how to react. Storybook Love Bluebeard hatches a plot to rid himself of Bigby and Snow by enchanting them, Prince Charming decides to run for Fabletown Mayor
31.
Promiscuity
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Promiscuity is the practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners or being indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners. The term can carry a moral judgement if the ideal for sexual activity is monogamous relationships. A common example of behavior viewed as promiscuous by many cultures is the one-night stand, what sexual behavior is considered promiscuous varies between cultures, as does the prevalence of promiscuity. Different standards are applied to different genders and civil statuses. Feminists have traditionally argued a significant double standard exists between how men and women are judged for promiscuity, a scientific study published in 2005 found that promiscuous men and women are judged equally harshly. However, later studies show evidence for a double standard, Promiscuity is common in many animal species. Some species have mating systems, ranging from polyandry and polygyny to mating systems with no stable relationships where mating between two individuals is a one-time event. Many species form stable pair bonds, but still mate with other individuals outside the pair, in biology, incidents of promiscuity in species that form pair bonds are usually called extra-pair copulations. American experiments in 1978 and 1982 found the majority of men were willing to have sex with women they did not know, of average attractiveness. No woman, by contrast, agreed to such propositions from men of average attractiveness, while men were in general comfortable with the requests, regardless of their willingness, women responded with shock and disgust. The number of partners people have had in their lifetimes varies widely within a population. A2007 nationwide survey in the United States found the number of female sexual partners reported by men was seven. About 29% of men and 9% of women reported to have had more than 15 sexual partners in their lifetimes, an important question in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections is whether or not these groups copulate mostly at random or within their social groups. A2006 systematic review found no association between regional sexual behavior tendencies, such as number of partners, and sexual-health status. Much more predictive of sexual-health status are socioeconomic factors like poverty and mobility, other studies have suggested that people with multiple casual sex partners are more likely to be diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections. The study measured one-night stands, attitudes to sex. A2014 nationwide survey in the United Kingdom named Liverpool the countrys most promiscuous city, britains position on the international index may be linked to increasing social acceptance of promiscuity among women as well as men. Britain’s ranking was ascribed to such as the decline of religious scruples about extramarital sex, the growth of equal pay and equal rights for women
32.
Deconstruction
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Deconstruction is a name commonly associated with philosopher Jacques Derridas critical outlook over the relationship between text and meaning. Derridas approach consists in conducting readings of texts with an ear to what runs counter to the unity or intended sense of a particular text. The purpose is to expose that the object of language and what upon which any text is founded is irreducibly complex, unstable, many debates in continental philosophy surrounding ontology, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, hermeneutics, and philosophy of language refer to Derridas observations. Deconstruction also inspired deconstructivism in architecture and remains important within art, music, Jacques Derridas 1967 work Of Grammatology introduced the majority of ideas influential within deconstruction. According to Derrida and taking inspiration from the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, language as a system of signs, as a consequence meaning is never present, but rather is deferred to other signs. Derrida refers to the — in this view, mistaken — belief that there is a self-sufficient, a concept then must be understood in the context of its opposite, such as being/nothingness, normal/abnormal, speech/writing, etc. Further, Derrida contends that in a classical philosophical opposition we are not dealing with the coexistence of a vis-a-vis. One of the two terms governs the other, or has the hand, signified over signifier, intelligible over sensible, speech over writing, activity over passivity. The first task of deconstruction would be to find and overturn these oppositions inside a text or a corpus of texts, but the final objective of deconstruction is not to surpass all oppositions, because it is assumed they are structurally necessary to produce sense. They simply cannot be suspended once and for all, the hierarchy of dual oppositions always reestablishes itself. Deconstruction only points to the necessity of an analysis that can make explicit the decisions. To be effective, deconstruction needs to create new terms, not to synthesize the concepts in opposition and this explains why Derrida always proposes new terms in his deconstruction, not as a free play but as a pure necessity of analysis, to better mark the intervals. Derridas original use of the word deconstruction was a translation of Destruktion, heideggers term referred to a process of exploring the categories and concepts that tradition has imposed on a word, and the history behind them. An assertion that texts outlive their authors, and become part of a set of cultural habits equal to, if not surpassing, the importance of authorial intent. A re-valuation of certain classic western dialectics, poetry vs. philosophy, reason vs. revelation, structure vs. creativity, episteme vs. techne, etc. To this end, Derrida follows a line of modern philosophers. However, like Nietzsche, Derrida is not satisfied merely with such an interpretation of Plato. Différance is the observation that the meanings of words come from their synchrony with other words within the language, understanding language according to Derrida required an understanding of both viewpoints of linguistic analysis
33.
Shrek 2
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Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation. As the sequel to the 2001 film Shrek, it was directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz, who reprise their roles from the first film, are joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, like its predecessor, Shrek 2 received positive reviews. It went on to be the film of 2004. It is also the seventh-highest animated film of all-time in ticket sellings, the associated soundtrack reached the Top 10 on the Billboard 200. Shrek and Fiona return from their honeymoon to find they have been invited by Fionas parents to a ball to celebrate their marriage. Shrek refuses to go at first, but Fiona talks him into it and they meet Fionas parents, King Harold and Queen Lillian, who are shocked to see their daughter as an ogre, with Harold particularly repulsed. Shrek worries that he has lost his love, particularly after finding her childhood diary. Harold arranges for Shrek and Donkey to join him on a hunting trip. However, Puss is unable to defeat Shrek and, revealing that he was paid by Harold, requests to come along, the three sneak into the Fairy Godmothers potion factory and steal a Happily Ever After potion that Shrek thinks will restore Fionas love for him. In order to make the permanent, Shrek must kiss Fiona by midnight. Shrek, Donkey and Puss return to the castle to discover that the potion has transformed Fiona back into her human self as well. However, the Fairy Godmother, having discovered the theft, intercepts Shrek and sends Charming to pose as him. At the Fairy Godmothers urging, Shrek leaves the castle, thinking that the best way to make Fiona happy is to let her go, to ensure that Fiona falls in love with Charming, the Fairy Godmother gives Harold a love potion to put into Fionas tea. This exchange is overheard by Shrek, Donkey and Puss, who are later arrested by the royal guards. He is too late to them, instead of falling in love with Charming, though. Harold reveals that he never gave Fiona the love potion, whereupon the now enraged Fairy Godmother attacks Shrek and he had used the Happily Ever After potion years before in order to marry Lillian, but she tells him that she loves him regardless of his appearance. As the clock strikes midnight, Shrek and Fiona let the potions effects wear off and they revert to their ogre forms, Harold gives his blessing to the marriage and apologizes for his earlier behavior, and the party resumes
34.
Shrek the Third
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Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film, and the third installment in the Shrek franchise. It was produced by DreamWorks Animation and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures1 which acquired DreamWorks Pictures in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, Harry Gregson-Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek, reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne—Fionas cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king. The film premiered on May 6,2007, at the Mann Village Theatre, Westwood in Los Angeles and it was nominated for Best Animated Movie at the 2008 Kids Choice Awards, but lost to Ratatouille. It was also nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film at the 61st British Academy Film Awards and it was the final film in the Shrek franchise to be produced by Pacific Data Images before its closure in 2015. The film grossed $799 million on a $160 million budget, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2007, a sequel, titled Shrek Forever After, was released in 2010. Prince Charming vows that he will become King of Far, Far Away and avenge the death of his mother, meanwhile, King Harold is dying and his ogre son-in-law Shrek and daughter Princess Fiona are to succeed him. Before dying, Harold tells Shrek of another heir, his nephew, Prince Charming goes to the Poison Apple tavern and persuades fairy tale villains to fight for their happily ever after by appealing to the defeats given in their stories. Shrek, Donkey and Puss in Boots set out to retrieve Arthur, as they are sailing away, the trio journey to Worcestershire Academy, an elite magical boarding school, where they discover Arthur or Artie is a scrawny 16-year-old underachiever picked on by everyone. At the school pep rally, Shrek tells Artie he is going to be king of Far Far Away, Artie is excited until Donkey and Puss inadvertently frighten him by discussing the responsibilities of being king. Artie tries taking control of the ship and crashes it on a remote island, one of the Pigs accidentally blurts out that Shrek has gone to retrieve Arthur, and Prince Charming sends Captain Hook and his pirates to track down Shrek. The ladies are put in a tower when Rapunzel betrays them because she loves Charming, Captain Hook and his pirates track Shrek and his friends to Merlins island, where they attempt to capture Shrek alive and defeat the others. Shrek and Artie defeat the villains, and Hook mentions Charming, concerned for his wife and future child, Shrek urges Artie to return to Worcestershire. Instead, Artie cons Merlin into using his magic to them to Far Far Away. The spell works, but causes Puss and Donkey to accidentally switch bodies and they find Pinocchio and learn that Charming plans to kill Shrek as part of a play. Charmings men arrive, but Artie tricks the knights into not taking them into custody, caught in Charmings dressing room, the four are taken captive. Charming prepares to kill Artie, believing he is the next king, to save Arties life, Shrek tells Charming that Artie was a pawn to take his place as King of Far Far Away
35.
The Sisters Grimm
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The Sisters Grimm is a childrens fantasy series written by Michael Buckley and illustrated by Peter Ferguson. They have been treated as maids, servants, and other things that shouldnt be. Theyve even been abused and ignored and this is mostly because they have a harsh and uncaring caseworker, Ms. Minerva Smirt, who is supposed to help find a safe new home for them. After all of their trouble, they end up in the care of their long-lost and they soon find that they are living in a town of Everafters, live characters from fantasy and fairy tales. Their family business is working as detectives, who solve mysteries that might be connected to the disappearance of their parents and this barrier stops the Everafters in Ferryport Landing from leaving. The only way to destroy the barrier is if all the Grimms leave the town or if they all die. The Fairy-tale Detectives - The Fairy Tale Detectives introduces us to two orphaned sisters, Sabrina and Daphne Grimm, who are sent to live with their mysterious grandmother, Relda Grimm. Grandmother Grimm lives in a town in New York State, known for its extraordinary number of unexplained. As soon as the sisters arrive, they begin to unravel a mystery that leads to their ancestors’ magical beginnings. Sabrina and Daphne learn they are descendants of the Brothers Grimm, who were actually detectives of the magical phenomenon perpetrated by the Everafters and they soon discover it is the Grimm family’s legacy to keep the Everafters in line and the two sisters are the sole heirs to this challenge. In this first book in the series, the girls are pitted against giants, the Unusual Suspects - The Sisters Grimm start school at Ferryport Landing Elementary. Daphne gets Snow White for a teacher, while Sabrinas stuck with Mr. Grumpner, when Mr. Grumpner is murdered in a particularly unusual way, it is up to the Grimms to find the Everafter who did it. A great friend turns into an enemy, and when the school is blown up by Rumpelstiltskin. The Problem Child - The Sisters Grimm face their parents’ kidnappers, One of them turns out to be Little Red Riding Hood, and the other, the Jabberwocky, an unstoppable killing machine. The girls have little hope of rescuing their mother and father until their long-lost Uncle Jake returns home with stories of a weapon, now missing, Sabrina, given a wand by Uncle Jake, gets a magic addiction. Only the Blue Fairy can put the pieces of the Vorpal Blade together, and who is the Blue Fairy anyway. Mayor Charming, for once, has competition for the election by the Queen of Hearts. Pucks wings are ripped off in a Jabberwocky attack at a diner, once Upon a Crime - Sabrina just wants to be normal - no detecting, no dangerous escapes, and especially no Everafters
36.
Enchanted (film)
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Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film, produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment. Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima, the film stars Amy Adams, Patrick Dempsey, James Marsden, Timothy Spall, Idina Menzel, Rachel Covey, and Susan Sarandon. The plot focuses on Giselle, an archetypal Disney Princess, who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the world of New York City. Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and it marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the companys decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004. Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz, who had songs for previous Disney films, produced the songs of Enchanted. The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena, filming of the live action segments took place around New York City. It premiered on October 20,2007, at the London Film Festival before its release on November 21,2007. Enchanted was well-received critically, established Adams as a leading lady and it won three Saturn Awards, including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams. Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards and she enlists her loyal henchman Nathaniel to keep Edward distracted. Giselle, a woman, dreams of meeting a prince. Edward hears Giselle singing and sets off to find her, Nathaniel sets free a captured troll to kill Giselle, but Edward rescues her in time. When they meet, they fall in love and plan to get married the following day. Meanwhile, Robert, a lawyer, prepares to propose to his longtime girlfriend Nancy. Robert and Morgan encounter Giselle on their way home, and Robert begrudgingly allows Giselle to stay the night at their apartment at the insistence of Morgan, Narissa sends Nathaniel to follow and impede Edward. In a restaurant, Narissa appears to Nathaniel in a soup pot, Pip eavesdrops but is unable to communicate with Edward, as animals cannot speak outside of Andalasia. Nathaniel keeps Pip silenced by imprisoning him in various containers, meanwhile, after Giselle summons vermin to clean Roberts apartment, Nancy arrives to take Morgan to school. She meets Giselle and then angrily leaves assuming Robert was unfaithful, Robert is initially upset but spends the day with Giselle, knowing she is vulnerable in the city. Giselle questions Robert about his relationship with Nancy and helps the pair reconcile by sending Nancy an invitation to the King and she also begins to win Robert over with her sunny disposition and optimism, even inadvertently helping one of his clients reconcile with his wife
37.
Once Upon a Time (TV series)
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Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale television series that premiered on October 23,2011, on ABC. It follows the heroine Emma Swan as she protects the town and its inhabitants from various curses and villains, Most episodes involve flashbacks telling its numerous characters stories. The show airs Sundays at 8,00 pm ET/7,00 pm CT and it borrows elements and characters from the Disney-franchise and popular Western literature, folklore, and fairy tales. Once Upon a Time was created by Lost and Tron, Legacy writers Edward Kitsis, a spin-off series, Once Upon a Time in Wonderland, consisting of 13 episodes, premiered on October 10,2013, and concluded on April 3,2014. On March 3,2016, ABC renewed the series for a sixth season, the residents of Storybrooke, where Regina is its mayor, have lived an unchanging existence for 28 years, unaware of their own lack of aging. As such, she is the person who can break the curse. Henry is also the son of Regina, providing a source of both conflict and common interest between the two women. The other, set in the present day, follows a pattern with a different outcome. The first season premiered on October 23,2011, the Evil Queen interrupts the wedding of Snow White and Prince Charming to announce that she will cast a curse on everyone that will leave her with the only happy ending. The majority of the fairy characters are transported to the town of Storybrooke, Maine. The second season premiered on September 30,2012, despite Emma having broken the curse, the characters are not returned to the fairy tale world, and must deal with their own dual identities. With the introduction of magic into Storybrooke by Mr, the third season premiered on September 29,2013. It was split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2013, and the half from March to May 2014. In the first volume, the characters travel to Neverland to rescue Henry. Their increasing power struggle with Pan continues in Storybrooke, which results in the complete reversal of the original curse. All the characters are returned to their worlds, leaving Emma. Once again, Emma is needed to save her family, the fourth season premiered on September 28,2014. It was also split into two volumes, with the first eleven episodes running from September to December 2014, and the half from March to May 2015
38.
Josh Dallas
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Joshua Paul Josh Dallas is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Prince Charming/David Nolan in the ABC television series Once Upon a Time and Fandral in the Marvel Comics film adaptation Thor. After graduation at Mountview, Dallas joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, and then parts with the Royal National Theatre, English National Opera. Returning to the United States and based in Hollywood, he was cast in 2011 as Fandral in Thor after Irish actor Stuart Townsend withdrew from the days before filming was to begin. As he was an unknown actor when cast, there was some speculation that Dallas was selected because there simply was not enough time to find a bigger name replacement. To prepare for the role, Dallas viewed Errol Flynn as an inspiration and he commented, I tried to bring out that little bit of Flynn-ness in it. Flynn had a lot of that boyish charm and Fandrals got all that in him, in 2011, he began starring on the ABC series Once Upon a Time as Prince Charming. Dallas did not reprise his role in the sequel to Thor due to his commitments in Once Upon a Time, zachary Levi replaced him in the film. Dallas was born in Louisville, Kentucky and he met English actress Lara Pulver in 2003 while working at the Theatre Royal, Windsor. They married in 2007, and were divorced in 2011, Dallas subsequently began dating his Once Upon a Time co-star Ginnifer Goodwin in fall 2011. Dallas and Goodwin became engaged in October 2013, and married on April 12,2014 in California, together, Dallas and his wife have two sons, one born in 2014, the other born in 2016. Josh Dallas at the Internet Movie Database
39.
Rumpelstiltskin
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Rumpelstiltskin is a fairy tale popularly associated with Germany. The tale was one collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 1812 edition of Childrens, according to researchers at Durham University and the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, the story originated around 4,000 years ago. In order to make himself appear superior, a miller lies to the king, telling him that his daughter can spin straw into gold. The king calls for the girl, shuts her in a room filled with straw and a spinning wheel. When she has given up all hope, an imp-like creature appears in the room, when next morning the king takes the girl to a larger room filled with straw to repeat the feat, the imp spins in return for the girls ring. He extracts from her a promise that she give him her firstborn child. The king keeps his promise to marry the millers daughter, but when their first child is born, the imp returns to claim his payment, Now give me what you promised. She offers him all the wealth she has to keep the child and he finally consents to give up his claim to the child if she can guess his name within three days. Her many guesses fail, but before the night, she wanders into the woods searching for him and comes across his remote mountain cottage and watches, unseen, as he hops about his fire. In his songs lyrics, tonight tonight, my plans I make, tomorrow tomorrow, the queen will never win the game, for Rumpelstiltskin is my name, he reveals his name. Some versions have the imp limiting the number of daily guesses to three and hence the number of guesses allowed to a maximum of nine. When the imp comes to the queen on the day, after first feigning ignorance, she reveals his name, Rumpelstiltskin. In the 1812 edition of the Brothers Grimm tales, Rumpelstiltskin then ran away angrily, Other versions have Rumpelstiltskin driving his right foot so far into the ground that he creates a chasm and falls into it, never to be seen again. In the oral version originally collected by the Brothers Grimm, Rumpelstiltskin flies out of the window on a cooking ladle, all these tales are Aarne–Thompson type 500, The Name of the Helper. Another of the Grimms tales revolves about a girl trapped by false claims about her spinning abilities, however, the three women who assist that girl do not demand her firstborn, but instead ask that she invite them to her wedding and say that they are relatives of hers. She complies, and when the three appear at the wedding, amazing the king with their ugliness, they tell the king that their various deformities are the result of their years of spinning, the horrified king decrees that the bride will spin no more. In contrast to Rumpelstiltskins self-seeking, therefore, these helpers ask only the payment of extending their benevolence to the heroine, and ensure that she will not need their help again. In one Italian variant, the girl must discover their names, as with Rumpelstiltskin, but not for the reason, she must use their names to invite them
40.
Midas
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Midas is the name of at least three members of the royal house of Phrygia. The most famous King Midas is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for his ability to turn everything he touched into gold and this came to be called the golden touch, or the Midas touch. The Phrygian city Midaeum was presumably named after this Midas, according to Aristotle, legend held that Midas died of starvation as a result of his vain prayer for the gold touch. However, Homer does not mention Midas or Gordias, while instead mentioning two other Phrygian kings, Mygdon and Otreus. Another King Midas ruled Phrygia in the late 8th century BC, up until the sacking of Gordium by the Cimmerians, when he is said to have committed suicide. Most historians believe this Midas is the person as the Mita, called king of the Mushki in Assyrian texts. Phrygia was by that time a Lydian subject, Herodotus says that Croesus regarded the Phrygian royal house as friends but does not mention whether the Phrygian royal house still ruled as kings of Phrygia. There are many, and often contradictory, legends about the most ancient King Midas. In one, Midas was king of Pessinus, a city of Phrygia, who as a child was adopted by King Gordias and Cybele, the goddess whose consort he was, and who was the goddess-mother of Midas himself. According to some accounts, Midas had a son, Lityerses, the reaper of men. According to other accounts he had a son Anchurus, arrian gives an alternative story of the descent and life of Midas. According to him, Midas was the son of Gordios, a peasant. While they were still deliberating, Midas arrived with his father and mother and they, comparing the oracular response with this occurrence, decided that this was the person whom the god told them the wagon would bring. They therefore appointed Midas king and he, putting an end to their discord, in addition to this the following saying was current concerning the wagon, that whosoever could loosen the cord of the yoke of this wagon, was destined to gain the rule of Asia. This someone was to be Alexander the Great, in other versions of the legend, it was Midas father Gordias who arrived humbly in the cart and made the Gordian Knot. However, some believe that this throne was donated by the later. One day, as Ovid relates in Metamorphoses XI, Dionysus found that his old schoolmaster and foster father, the old satyr had been drinking wine and wandered away drunk, to be found by some Phrygian peasants who carried him to their king, Midas. Midas recognized him and treated him hospitably, entertaining him for ten days and nights with politeness, while Silenus delighted Midas and his friends with stories, on the eleventh day, he brought Silenus back to Dionysus in Lydia
41.
Short and Sweet (festival)
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Short+Sweet is a multi-form arts platform presenting festivals in theatre, dance, music-theatre, comedy and cabaret across Australia and Asia. The one common thread between all festivals is that all works presented - be it theatre, dance, music-theatre or cabaret - must be ten-minutes or less, short+Sweets vision statement is, a more creative world ten minutes at a time. Their flagship festival is Short+Sweet Theatre Sydney, the largest ten-minute play festival in the world, Short+Sweet Theatre was founded at the Newtown Theatre in Sydney, Australia in January 2002 by Mark Cleary, beginning with the first ever Short+Sweet Theatre festival. In January 2004, Alex Broun took over as Artistic Coordinator of Short+Sweet Theatre Sydney, Short+Sweet Theatre Sydney is now the largest ten-minute theatre festival in the world, with around 180 new plays being produced every season. Short+Sweet Theatre currently receives around 1500 script entries from writers across the world annually, Short+Sweet Dance premiered at the Newtown Theatre in Sydney in 2007 for one week. In 2009 the Sydney season expanded to three weeks and the first ever Short+Sweet Dance Melbourne was held at Chapel Off Chapel under the direction of Alister Smith in June,2009, the 2009 Festival was led by Festival Director Andrew Threlfall and Musical Director Bev Kennedy. Short+Sweet Cabaret merges theatre and music, Short+Sweet Voices debuted in Sydney in 2015 at The Concourse. A minimum of 4 people perform in a choir, Short+Sweet Bollywood debuted in Sydney in 2015 at The Factory Theatre. It stages Indian dance, which many Indian Short+Sweet festivals such as in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Short+Sweet Comedy features stand-up comedy acts. Short+Sweet Magic features short magical acts, Short+Sweet Theatre Melbourne began in December,2005 at the Arts Centre. It began at the Black Box theatre, moving to the Fairfax Studio in 2006, in 2009, it re-located to Chapel Off Chapel in Prahan, which also hosted the first ever Short+Sweet Dance Melbourne. The Singapore Festival premiered in June 2007 at Lasalle College of the Arts and it featured plays in Mandarin as well as English. Short+Sweet Theatre in Australia is currently coordinated in Sydney by playwright Pete Malicki, in Brisbane and Townsville by Sean Dennehy, founder Mark Cleary is the Creative Director for Short+Sweet International. A number of projects have been created under the banner of Short+Sweet. Fast+Fresh is a 10-minute theatre competition for participants under the age of 18 and it premiered in Sydney in 2005 under the guidance of Neil Gooding and has also been run in Melbourne. Crash Test Drama has an affiliation with Short+Sweet, pioneered by Harry Paternoster, on the nights of the performances, actors audition and the writers and directors cast their plays. They are rehearsed for an hour or so and then are performed to the public as a moved reading, many winning plays of each season are invited to Short+Sweet. It is currently held in Sydney, Cronulla, Melbourne, Canberra, Bundanoon, many notable playwrights, directors, actors and independent theatre companies have participated in Short+Sweet
