The Protocol Wars were a long-running debate in computer science that occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s, when engineers, organizations and nations became polarized over the issue of which communica
The first demonstration of the Internet, linking DARPA's three networks (the ARPANET, SATNET, and PRNET), which took place in July 1977
A cartoon sketched in 1988 by François Flückiger illustrated that "some people foresaw a division between world technologies: Internet in the United States, OSI in Europe. In this model, the two sides would have communicated via gateways."
Vint Cerf emphasized the goal of running "IP on everything", notably with a T-shirt he wore while presenting to the 1992 IETF meeting.
The Internet originated in the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and d
Protocol Wars
…in supporting the peer-to-peer approach. In the US, the National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA, and the United States Department of Energy (DoE) all built networks variously based on the DoD model, DECnet, and IP over X.25. The early research and development of standards for data networks and protocols culminated…
Postage stamp of Azerbaijan (2004): 35 Years of the Internet, 1969–2004
Stamped envelope of Russian Post issued in 1993 with stamp and graphics dedicated to first Russian underwater digital optic cable laid in 1993 by Rostelecom from Kingisepp to Copenhagen (see also: Internet in Russia)