The Supreme Executive Power was the provisional government of Mexico that governed between the fall of the First Mexican Empire in April 1823 and the election of the first Mexican president, Guadalupe Victoria, in October 1824. After Emperor Iturbide abdicated, the sovereignty of the nation passed over to Congress, which appointed a triumvirate, made up of Guadalupe Victoria, Pedro Celestino Negrete, and Nicolas Bravo, to serve as the executive, while a new constitution was being written.

The Mexican Empire was a constitutional monarchy, the first independent government of Mexico and the only former viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire to establish a monarchy after independence. It lasted for 2 years from 1821 to 1823. It is one of the few modern-era, independent monarchies that have existed in the Americas, along with the 67-year Empire of Brazil (1822–1889) and the 2-year First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806).