Qizilbash or Kizilbash were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Iranian Azerbaijan, Anatolia, the Armenian highlands, and the Caucasus from the late 15th century
Qizilbash troops of Shah Ismail I. Circa 1647 painting, Chehel Sotoun
Taj-e Haydari, with and without turban. Dastan-i Jamal u Jalal, 1502–1505, Tabriz (Uppsala University Library, O Nova 2)
The Qizilbash Imam Quli Khan with his troops in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590). Şecāʿatnāme (1586).
Cavalry charge with Qizilbash horseman wearing the Taj-e Haydari headdress. Dastan-i Jamal u Jalal, commissioned under Shah Ismail in 1502–1505, Tabriz.
Ismail I was the founder and first shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1501 until his death in 1524. His reign is one of the most vital in the history of Iran, and the Safavid era is often considered th
Qizilbash
…the Great put some followers to death. The Qizilbash adhered to heterodox Shi’i doctrines encouraged by the early Safavi sheikhs Haydar and his son Ismail I. They regarded their rulers as divine figures, and so were classified as ghulat "extremists" by orthodox Twelvers. When Tabriz was taken, there was not…
Portrait of Shah Ismail I, painted from life by Kamal al-din Behzad, his director of the royal atelier (posthumous copy). Topkapı Palace Museum, H.2169.
The capture of Firuzkuh by the Safavids in 1504. Shah Ismail seated, looking at his enemy Kiya Husayn II suspended in a cage, while the Aq Qoyunlu general Murad Beg Jahanshahlu roasts on a spit. Shahnama-yi i Ismaʻil (Tabriz, 1540).
Shāh Ismaʿīl in battle circa 1510. Shāhnāmah Shāh Ismaʿīl (Tabriz, 1541)
Shah Ismail (center) leading a charge during the Safavid defeat against the Ottomans at the Battle of Chaldiran (1514). Painting of the Qajar period, 19th century