In condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids are generally characterized
Herbertsmithite, the mineral whose ground state was shown to have QSL behaviour
Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby some materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field, and form internal, induced magnetic fields in the direction of the applied mag
Liquid oxygen (blue) can be suspended between the poles of a strong magnet as a result of its paramagnetism.
In a metal, the application of an external magnetic field increases the density of electrons with spins antiparallel with the field and lowers the density of the electrons with opposite spin. Note: The arrows in this picture indicate magnetic moment direction, not electron spin direction. The direction of the magnetic moment is opposite of that of the spin since electrons carry a negative charge.
Idealized Curie–Weiss behavior; N.B. TC=θ, but TN is not θ. Paramagnetic regimes are denoted by solid lines. Close to TN or TC the behavior usually deviates from ideal.