1.
Registan
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The Registan was the heart of the ancient city of Samarkand of the Timurid dynasty, now in Uzbekistan. The name Rēgistan means Sandy place or desert in Persian, the Registan was a public square, where people gathered to hear royal proclamations, heralded by blasts on enormous copper pipes called dzharchis - and a place of public executions. It is framed by three madrasahs of distinctive Islamic architecture, the three madrasahs of the Registan are, the Ulugh Beg Madrasah, the Tilya-Kori Madrasah and the Sher-Dor Madrasah. Madrasah is an Arabic term meaning school, the Ulugh Beg Madrasah, built by Ulugh Beg during the Timurid Empire era of Timur—Tamerlane, has an imposing iwan with a lancet-arch pishtaq or portal facing the square. The corners are flanked by high minarets, the mosaic panel over the iwans entrance arch is decorated by geometrical stylized ornaments. The square courtyard includes a mosque and lecture rooms, and is fringed by the cells in which students lived. There are deep galleries along the axes, originally the Ulugh Beg Madrasah was a two-storied building with four domed darskhonas at the corners. The Ulugh Beg Madrasah was one of the best clergy universities of the Muslim Orient in the 15th Century CE, abdul-Rahman Jami, the great Persian poet, scholar, mystic, scientist and philosopher studied at the madrasah. Ulugh Beg himself gave lectures there, during Ulugh Begs government the madrasah was a centre of secular science. In the 17th century the ruler of Samarkand, Yalangtush Bakhodur, ordered the construction of the Sher-Dor, the tiger mosaics on the face of each madrassa are interesting, in that they flout the ban in Islam of the depiction of living beings on religious buildings. Ten years later the Tilya-Kori Madrasah was built and it was not only a residential college for students, but also played the role of grand masjid. It has a main facade and a vast courtyard fringed by dormitory cells. The mosque building is situated in the section of the courtyard. The main hall of the mosque is abundantly gilded, to the east of the Tilya-Kori Madrasah, the mausoleum of Shaybanids is located. The real founder of Shaybanid power was Muhammad Shaybani - grandson of Abul Khair, in 1500, with the backing of the Chaghataite Khanate, then based in Tashkent, Muhammad Shaybani conquered Samarkand and Bukhara from their last Timurid rulers. The founder of the dynasty then turned on his benefactors and in 1503 took Tashkent and he captured Khiva in 1506 and in 1507 he swooped down on Merv, eastern Persia, and western Afghanistan. The Shaybanids stopped the advance of the Safavids, who in 1502 had defeated the Akkoyunlu, Muhammad Shaybani was a leader of nomadic Uzbeks. During the ensuing years they settled down in oases of Central Asia
2.
Rigestan
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The Registan Desert, also known as Rigestan Desert, is an extremely arid plateau region located between Helmand and Kandahar provinces in southwestern Afghanistan. It is a sandy desert consisting of small, red sand hills about 50 to 100 feet high, sand-covered plains, the underlying base of the hills consists of partly stabilized ancient transverse dunes, reflecting a west-to-east wind and nearly unlimited sand supply. The desert is sparsely populated by Baluchi and Pashtun nomads. The desert is gradually encroaching on surrounding agricultural areas, a severe drought in 1998 caused the displacement of approximately 100,000 nomadic people from the Registan desert region. Most of them are now living in settlements between the Arghandab and Helmand Rivers and Registan. A large number are also being supported by the UN in camps for displaced persons in Kandahar Province. The UN is currently seeking strategies to return the nomads to their traditional livelihood of raising livestock in Registan, Registan Desert is migrating westward, encroaching on former agricultural areas. The United Nations Environment Programme team reports that “up to 100 villages have been submerged by windblown dust and sand. ”In the country’s northwest, sand dunes are moving onto agricultural land, their path cleared by the loss of stabilizing vegetation from firewood gathering and overgrazing. The UNEP team observed sand dunes nearly 50 feet high blocking roads, balochistan, Afghanistan Geography of Afghanistan NASA Image - August 20,2000 Registan Desert Bird Life Factsheet
3.
States and union territories of India
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India is a federal union comprising twenty-nine states and seven union territories. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and further into smaller administrative divisions, the Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by different ethnic groups throughout its history. Between 1947 and 1950, the territories of the states were politically integrated into the Indian Union. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, the new republic was also declared to be a Union of States. The nine Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India, the Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union, Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-Cochin. The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners provinces and some states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Cutch, Manipur, Tripura, the only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government. The Union Territory of Puducherry was created in 1954 comprising the previous French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karaikal, Yanam, Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State. The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states, as a result of this act, Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to from Travancore-Cochin. Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956, kerala was created with the merger of Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore-Cochin. The Laccadive Islands which were divided between South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State were united and organised into the territory of Lakshadweep. Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar was transferred to West Bengal. Bombay State was split into the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. Nagaland was formed on 1 December 1963, the Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh. The act also designated Chandigarh as a territory and the shared capital of Punjab
4.
Thar Desert
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The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. It is the worlds 17th largest desert, and the worlds 9th largest subtropical desert, about 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. In India, it covers about 320,000 km2, forming approximately 10% of the geographic area of India. More than 60% of the lies in the state of Rajasthan and extends into Gujarat, Punjab. This desert comprises a very dry part, the Marusthali region in the west, the Thar Desert extends between the Aravalli Hills in the north-east, the Great Rann of Kutch along the coast and the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the west and north-west. Most of the desert is covered by shifting sand dunes that receive sediments from the alluvial plains. The sand is highly due to strong winds occurring before the onset of the monsoon. The Luni River is the only integrated into the desert. Rainfall is limited to 100–500 mm per year, mostly falling from July to September, salt water lakes in the Thar Desert include the Sambhar, Kuchaman, Didwana in Rajasthan and Kharaghoda in Gujarat. These lakes receive rain water during monsoon and evaporate during the dry season, the salt is derived by the weathering of rocks in the region. Lithic tools belonging to the prehistoric Aterian culture of the Maghreb have been discovered in Middle Paleolithic deposits in the Thar Desert, the soil of the Thar Desert remains dry for much of the year and is prone to wind erosion. High velocity winds blow soil from the desert, depositing some on neighboring fertile lands, the 649 km long Indira Gandhi Canal brings fresh water to the Thar Desert. It was conceived to halt spreading of the desert to fertile areas, there are few local tree species suitable for planting in the desert, which are slow growing. Therefore, exotic species were introduced for plantation. Many species of Eucalyptus, Acacia, Cassia and other genera from Israel, Australia, US, Russia, Zimbabwe, Chile, Peru and Sudan have been tried in Thar Desert. Acacia tortilis has proved to be the most promising species for desert afforestation, there are several protected areas in the Thar Desert. In India, the Desert National Park covers 3,162 km2 and represents the Thar Desert ecosystem and its diverse fauna includes the great Indian bustard, blackbuck, chinkara, fox, Bengal fox, wolf, and caracal. Seashells and massive fossilized tree trunks in this record the geological history of the desert
5.
Pakistan
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Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on the crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people, in terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country in the world with an area covering 881,913 square kilometres. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistans narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, Pakistan is unique among Muslim countries in that it is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and it is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with a similarly diverse geography and wildlife. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic, an ethnic civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. The new constitution stipulated that all laws were to conform to the injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Quran. Pakistan has an economy with a well-integrated agriculture sector. The Pakistani economy is the 24th-largest in the world in terms of purchasing power and it is ranked among the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is backed by one of the worlds largest and fastest-growing middle classes. The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterised by periods of military rule, the country continues to face challenging problems such as illiteracy, healthcare, and corruption, but has substantially reduced poverty and terrorism and expanded per capita income. It is also a member of CERN. Pakistan is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement, the name Pakistan literally means land of the pure in Urdu and Persian. It is a play on the word pāk meaning pure in Persian and Pashto, the letter i was incorporated to ease pronunciation and form the linguistically correct and meaningful name. Some of the earliest ancient human civilisations in South Asia originated from areas encompassing present-day Pakistan, the earliest known inhabitants in the region were Soanian during the Lower Paleolithic, of whom stone tools have been found in the Soan Valley of Punjab. The Vedic Civilization, characterised by Indo-Aryan culture, laid the foundations of Hinduism, Multan was an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. The Vedic civilisation flourished in the ancient Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā, the Indo-Greek Kingdom founded by Demetrius of Bactria included Gandhara and Punjab and reached its greatest extent under Menander, prospering the Greco-Buddhist culture in the region. Taxila had one of the earliest universities and centres of education in the world. At its zenith, the Rai Dynasty of Sindh ruled this region, the Pala Dynasty was the last Buddhist empire, which, under Dharampala and Devapala, stretched across South Asia from what is now Bangladesh through Northern India to Pakistan. The Arab conqueror Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Indus valley from Sindh to Multan in southern Punjab in 711 AD, the Pakistan governments official chronology identifies this as the time when the foundation of Pakistan was laid
6.
Jaipur
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Jaipur is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan in Northern India. It was founded on 18 November 1726 by Maharaja Jai Singh II, as of 2011, the city has a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur is also known as the Pink City of India, Jaipur is located 260 km from the Indian capital New Delhi. Jaipur forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Agra, Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur, Jaisalmer Udaipur. and Mount Abu. The city of Jaipur was founded in 1726 by Jai Singh II and he planned to shift his capital from Amer,11 km from Jaipur to accommodate the growing population and increasing scarcity of water. Jai Singh consulted several books on architecture and architects while planning the layout of Jaipur, under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, Jaipur was planned based on the principles of Vastu shastra and Shilpa Shastra. The construction of the city began in 1726 and took four years to complete the major roads, the city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contained the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge ramparts were built, pierced by seven fortified gates, during the rule of Sawai Ram Singh, the city was painted pink to welcome the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII, in 1876. Many of the avenues remained painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance, in the 19th century, the city grew rapidly and by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The wide boulevards were paved and its industries were the working of metals and marble. The city had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college and a school opened during the reign of the Maharaja Ram Singh II. Temperatures remain relatively high during summer from April to early July having average daily temperatures of around 30 °C, during the monsoon there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The winter months of November to February are mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10–15 °C and with little or no humidity. The city was planned according to Indian Vastu shastra by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya in 1727, there are three gates facing east, west, and north. The eastern gate is called Suraj pol, the gate is called Chand pol. The city is unusual among pre-modern Indian cities in the regularity of its streets, the urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, the Palace quarter encloses the Hawa Mahal palace complex, formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, according to provisional report of 2011 census, Jaipur city had a population of 3,073,350
7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
8.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
9.
Capital city
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A capital city is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that encompasses the offices and meeting places of its respective government. In some jurisdictions, including countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the capital and the seat of government, which is in another place. The word capital derives from the Latin caput, meaning head, in several English-speaking states, the terms county town, county seat, and borough seat are also used in lower subdivisions. In unitary states, subnational capitals are known as administrative centres. The capital is often, but not necessarily, the largest city of its constituent, historically, the major economic centre of a state or region often becomes the focal point of political power, and becomes a capital through conquest or federation. Examples are Ancient Babylon, Abbasid Baghdad, Ancient Athens, Rome, Constantinople, Changan, Ancient Cusco, Madrid, Paris, London, Moscow, Beijing, Tokyo, Vienna, and Berlin. Some of these cities are or were also religious centres, e. g. Constantinople, Rome, Jerusalem, Ancient Babylon, Moscow, Belgrade, Paris, and Peking. A capital city that is also the economic, cultural. The convergence of political and economic or cultural power is by no means universal, traditional capitals may be economically eclipsed by provincial rivals, e. g. Nanking by Shanghai, Quebec City by Montreal, and numerous US state capitals. The decline of a dynasty or culture could also mean the extinction of its city, as occurred at Babylon. Although many capitals are defined by constitution or legislation, many long-time capitals have no legal designation as such, for example Bern, Edinburgh, Lisbon, London, Paris, are located in or near them. In Canada, there is a capital, while the ten provinces. The states of such countries as Mexico, Brazil, and Australia all have capital cities, for example, the six state capitals of Australia are Adelaide, Brisbane, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney. In Australia, the capital cities is regularly used, to refer to the aforementioned state capitals plus the federal capital Canberra and Darwin. Abu Dhabi is the city of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. In unitary states which consist of multiple constituent countries, such as the United Kingdom or the Kingdom of Denmark, the national capitals of Germany and Russia, the Stadtstaat of Berlin and the Federal City of Moscow, are also constituent states of both countries in their own right
10.
Ajmer district
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Ajmer District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Ajmer is the district headquarters, Ajmer District has an area of 8,481 km², and a population of 2,180,526. Three main religions are, Hindu 1,869,044, Muslim 244,341, the eastern portion of the district is generally flat, broken only by gentle undulations. The e western parts, from north-west to south-west, are intersected by the Aravalli Range, many of the valleys in this region are sandy deserts, part of Indias Thar Desert, with an occasional oasis of cultivation. Some fertile tracts are present, among these is the plain on which lies the town of Ajmer. This valley has a lake, and is protected by the massive walls of the Nagpathar range or Serpent rock. The only hills in the district are the Aravalli Range and its offshoots, Ajmer is almost totally devoid of rivers. The Banas River touches the boundary of the district so as to irrigate the pargana of Samur. Four small streams—the Sagarmati, Saraswati, Khari and Dai—also intersect the district, according to the 2011 census Ajmer district has a population of 2,581,933. This gives it a ranking of 161st in India, the district has a population density of 305 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18. 48%, Ajmer has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70. 46%. Ajmer The Imperial Gazetteer of India,1909, v.5, p. 137-146, Ajmer District website Ajmer on Marwadis. com eAjmer. co. in Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
11.
Alwar district
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Alwar District is a district in Rajasthan, a state in northern India, with capital in the city of Alwar. It is bound on the north by Rewari district of Haryana, on the east by Bharatpur and Mewat district of Haryana, on the south by Dausa, as of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur. During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Raja Bane Singh sent a force consisting mainly of Muslims and Rajputs, the Muslims deserted and the rest were defeated by the rebels. Pran Sukh Yadav, who fought beside Rao Tula Ram of Rewari in 1857, settled along with the kinsmen of dead soldiers at Village Nihalpura, Behror Tehsil and it was a part of vast northern Indian empire known as Gurjara-Pratihara. The town was named as Matsyanagar, meaning the city of fishes. Hemu, the last Hindu emperor of India, was born in Alwar district in the village Deveti Machheri and he had won in all 22 battles against Afghans and Mughals, including two against Akbar and became Vikramaditya king at Delhi on 7 October 1556. The city of Alwar is known as The Tiger Gate of Rajasthan, enclosed by the Aravallis, Alwar gives the appearance of being carved marvellously from rocks. Flourishing deciduous forests and lakes covers the hills and these forests and basins serve as a home to numerous species of birds as well as animals. Situated amongst such beauty, the city proves to be a delight to the eyes, ironically, Alwar is the oldest as well the newest kingdom of the Rajputs. It is the oldest because its customs date far back to the kingdoms of Viratnagar, also known by the name of Matasya Desh. In this city, the Pandavas spent the last year of their exile of 13 years and it is believed that a member of the Kachh family belonging to Amber founded the city of Amber. Bala Qilla situated in the Aravali Hills is one of the best forts present in Rajasthan and it is said that it has never been invaded or conquered by any king. Just behind it is the Nikumbh Mahal, there are many small palaces in the city and an old museum with a collection of paintings, armours, and old weapons. Neelkanth temple is an old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, built between the 6th to the 9th century and this fort has become a major tourist attraction. This Royal Rao Haveli, Nizam Nagar is only 25 km from Kesroli fort, Agara-Delhi Road. Ruled & established by H. H. Rao Bhero Singh, who was the Relative of H. H Yashwant Singh, the king Of Alwar. Sariska Tiger Reserve is also located in the district, and Arvari River flows through this district, hill Fort Kesroli, currently a heritage hotel, is also nearby at Kesroli. According to the 2011 census Alwar district has a population of 3,671,999 and this gives it a ranking of 77th in India. The district has a density of 438 inhabitants per square kilometre
12.
Banswara district
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Banswara District has an area of 5,037 km2,1. 47% of Rajasthan state, India. The city of Banswara is the district headquarters, the district is named after the former Princely State of Banswara. There are two traditions regarding the etymology of Banswara, according to one tradition, it is derived from the name of the Bhil chief Bansia who ruled over this area before being killed by Maharaval Jagmal Singh in 1529 CE. According to the tradition, the name is derived from the Bans Vara due to the abundance of bamboos in the dense forests of this region. Banswara is part of the Vagad region of southern Rajasthan, which includes Banswara, the region is mainly inhabited by tribals, predominantly Bhils. Banswara and Dungarpur are combinely called VAGAR, and in both the local language is VAGRI. The District lies in the Mahi River basin, Banswara District has rich flora and fauna. The wildlife includes a variety of wild animals like leopard, chinkara. Common birds in the region are fowl, partridge, black drongo, grey shrike, green bee-eater, bulbul, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Banswara one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. Banswara district is divided into 3 sub-divisions, which are divided into 8 tehsils and 8 development blocks. Banswara sub-division consists Banswara and Garhi tehsils, Ghatol sub-division consists Ghatol tehsil and Kushalgarh sub-division consists Kushalgarh, the 8 development blocks in the district are, Talwara, Garhi, Ghatol, Peepal Khunt, Bagidora, Anandpuri, Kushalgarh and Sajjangarh. The district consists 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies, Kushalgarh, Danpur, Ghatol, all of them along with 3 other Vidhan Sabha constituencies from Dungarpur district are part of the lone Lok Sabha constituency of the district, Banswara. According to the 2011 census Banswara district has a population of 1,798,194 and this gives it a ranking of 267th in India. The district has a density of 399 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26. 58%, Banswara has a sex ratio of 979 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 57. 2%. Nearest International Airport - Ahemdabad 289 km, nearest Airport - Udaipur 160 km. Nearest Railway station -Ratlam Junction 80 km, Banswara District website Banswara District map
13.
Baran district
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Baran district is a district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The headquarters of the district are located at the city of Baran, before Indian independence in 1947, most of present-day Baran District was part of the princely state of Kota. It was formed on 10 April 1991 by carving out Kota district, Baran is located at 25. 1°N76. 52°E /25.1,76.52. It has an elevation of 262 metres. Rivers Kali Sindh, Parvati River, Parwan River, Andheri, climate The City has a dry climate except in the monsoon seasons. The winter season runs from mid of November to February and summer season runs from March to mid of June, the period from mid of June to September is the monsoon season followed by the months October to mid of November constitute the post monsoon or the retreating monsoon. The average rainfall in the district is 895. 2mm, january is the coldest month with the average daily maximum temperature of 24. 3C and the average daily minimum temperature of 10. 6C. According to the 2011 census the Baran district had a population of 1,222,755 and it roughly equals to the nation of Trinidad and Tobago or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 389th in India, the district has a population density of 175 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19. 8%, Baran has a sex ratio of 926 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67. 38%. The city is connected with neighbouring districts and with cities outside the state. National Highway No.76 passes through the district, national Highway No.76 is a part of East-West Corridor. The nearest major airports are located at Jaipur International Airport, Udaipur Airport and these airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai. There are two airports in Kota and Jaisalmer, but are not open for commercial/civilian flights yet. Baran station is situated on Kota-Bina section of Western Central Railways and it is about 67 km from Kota Junction. Typical dishes include Dal Baati Churma, Roti
14.
Barmer district
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Barmer District is a district in Rajasthan state of India. It is located in the part of Rajasthan state forming a part of the Thar Desert. Barmer is the third largest district by area in Rajasthan and fifth largest district in India, occupying an area of 28,387 km2. Being in the part of the state, it includes a part of the Thar Desert. Jaisalmer is to the north of this district while Jalore is in its south, Pali and Jodhpur form its eastern border and it shares a border with Pakistan in the west. Partially being a desert, this district has a variation in temperature. The temperature in summer can rise up to 51 °C and falls to 0 °C in winter, Luni is the longest river in Barmer district. After travelling a length of almost 500 km, it passes through Jalore, District headquarters is in the town of Barmer. The other major towns in the district are, Balotra, Guda Malani, Baytoo, Siwana, Jasol, recently, a large onshore oil field has been discovered and made functional in Barmer district. In earlier times, the district was known as Mallani, in the name of Rawal Mallinath, Rawal Mallinath was the son of Rao Salkha and Rawal Mallinath is cultural, philanthropical and religious icon in Barmer, He is worshiped as God by local peoples. The whole area around the river Luni was said to have Malani, present name of Barmer is derived from its founder ruler Bahada Rao or Bar Rao Parmar, it was named Bahadamer. He build a town which is presently known as “Juna” which is 25 km from present city of Barmer. After Parmer’s, Rawat Luka -Grand Son of Rawal Mallinath, establish their kingdom in Juna Barmer with help of his brother Rawal Mandalak and they defeated Parmers of Juna & made it their capital. Thereafter, his descendant, Rawat Bhima, who was a warrior, established the present city of Barmer in 1552 AD. Barmer is located in the part of the state forming a part of the Thar Desert. The district borders Jaisalmer district in the north, Jalore district in the south, Pali district and Jodhpur district in the east, the total area of the district is 28,387 square kilometres. After Jaisalmer district and Bikaner district, it is the third largest district of Rajasthan and it is also the fifth largest district in the country. The district is located between 24,58 to 26, 32N Latitudes and 70,05 to 72,52 E Longitudes, the longest river in the district is the Luni
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Bharatpur district
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Bharatpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Bharatpur is the district headquarters, Bharatpur District is a part of National Capital Region. When Bharatpur was a state, it was the only political entity ever to have a chartreuse colored flag. The first person to top the board with first position and the first I. A. S officer from the district was Mr. Deepak Trivedi. The district has an area of 5,066 km2, three rivers, the Ban Ganga, Rooparel, and Gambhir, cross the district. The Ban Ganga originates in Jaipur District, passes through Dausa, the Gambhir River starts from Pachana Dam of Karauli District, and meets the Ban Ganga in Bayana Tehsil. The Rooparel River starts from hills of Alwar District and enters the district in Kaman Tehsil, Bharatpur District has ten revenue subdivisions and eleven tehsils. They have the names and borders, except that Weir Subdivision is divided into Weir Tehsil. The other nine tehsils are, Bayana, Bharatpur, Deeg, Kaman, Kumher, Nadbai, Nagar, Pahari, and Roopwas. In the 2011 census, the Bharatpur District had a population of 2,549,121 and this gave it a ranking of 166th among districts of India. The district had a density of 503 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21. 32%, Bharatpur had a sex ratio of 877 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 71. 16%. Acharya Rajendrasuri, Jain reformer was born in Bharatpur, natwar Singh, ex-Foreign Minister Jagannath Pahadia, former Chief Minister of Rajasthan and former Governor of Haryana. Bharatpur District is famous for Keoladeo National Park, a wintering area for migratory birds. Established as a reserve by the Maharajas of Bharatpur, it was known as the best duck shooting resort in the British Empire. The site was declared a sanctuary in 1956 and later upgraded to National Park. UNESCO has listed it as a heritage site. Keoladeo National Park attracts 364 species of birds, including many from India, as the monsoons arrive and the wetlands and marshes start to fill with water, birds start pouring into the park
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Bhilwara district
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Bhilwara District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Bhilwara is the district headquarters, the district has an area of 10,455 km², and a population of 2,009,516, which increased 26. 14% from 1991 to 2001. Famous for its textile & minerals Industries and it is bounded on the north by Ajmer District, on the east by Bundi District, on the south by Chittorgarh District, and on the west by Rajsamand District. State Highway passes through the district, as does a broad gauge railway line measuring 84 km, under these sub-divisions there are 16 Tehsils, Bhilwara, Banera, Mandal, Mandalgarh, Beejoliya, Kotri, Shahpura, Jahazpur, Sahada, Raipur, Kareda, Asind, Hurda. FULIYAKALAN, SAHADA, BADNOR There are four Sub Tehsils also named Bagor, Badnor, Hamirgarh and this gives it a ranking of 184th in India. The district has a density of 230 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19. 7%, Bhilwara has a sex ratio of 969 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62. 71%. This district also called Textile City or Manchester of India. Official website Bhilwara District Bhilwara Bhilwara district Profile Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Bikaner district
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Bikaner District, is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The historic city of Bikaner is the district headquarters, Bikaner is also Division with the four district, Bikaner, Churu, Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh. Bikaner District lies in the Thar Desert, the Indira Gandhi Canal, also known as the Rajasthan Canal, runs through the district from northeast to southwest, providing irrigation water for the district. World famous miracle temple of Karnimata in Deshnok near Bikaner also known as Temple of Rats, Bikaner district has eight sub-divisions, Bikaner, Nokha, Loonkaransar, Khajuwala, Dungargarh, Kolayat, Chhattargarh and Pugal. In Bikaner there are eight tehsils Bikaner, Nokha, Loonkaransar, Khajuwala, Dungargarh, Kolayat, Chhattargarh, there are two sub tehsils of which Bajju is in kolayat and mahajan is in loonkaransar. There are 1498 villages and 290 Gram panchayats, there is one Municipal Corporation and six Municipal Councils, - Deshnok, Nokha, Dungargarh, Khajuwala, Loonkaransar and Napasar. The present Collector of Bikaner is Sh. Ved Prakash IAS, according to the 2011 census Bikaner district has a population of 2,367,745, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 190th in India. Area of district is 30247. 90sq. km, the district has a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 41. 42%, Bikaner has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 65. 92%. Official website Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Bundi district
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Bundi District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Bundi is the district headquarters and it has an area of 5,550 km² and a population of 88,273. It is divided into 5 tehsils which are, Bundi, Hin doli, Nainwa, Keshoraipatan, the Indargarh step well is considered as one of the most attractive places in the Bundi district, especially during the rainy season. The Bundi economy is supported by agriculture, textile and tourism industry. Handicrafts industry plays a role in the economic prosperity of Bundi in Rajasthan. Bundi is a city in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan in India, which is famous for its beautiful forts and palaces. The economy of Bundi is principally based on growth of small scale industrial units. Textiles is an important industrial sector in Bundi that mainly produce polyester fibers, the real estate industry is also growing in this beautiful district of Rajasthan. Agriculture contributes a portion to the overall economic growth in Bundi. Major agricultural crops include pulses, wheat, gram, barley, cotton, tobacco, among oil seeds, mustard and rape are the mostly produced. Important fruit trees in Bundi include orange, pomegranate, lemon, guava, Bundi is endowed with great natural beauty and is a popular place of tourists attraction. The tourism accounts for a significant portion of the Rajasthans domestic product, many forts and old palaces in Bundi have been converted into heritage hotels to attract more tourists. According to the 2011 census Bundi district has a population of 1,113,725 and this gives it a ranking of 415th in India. The district has a density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 15. 7%, Bundi has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62. 31%
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Chittorgarh district
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Chittorgarh District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Chittorgarh is the headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,856 km², the district is disjunct, divided into a larger western portion and a smaller eastern portion by Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh. The eastern portion is bounded by Bhilwara, Bundi, and Kota districts of Rajasthan to the north and Neemuch District of Madhya Pradesh to the south and west. It is divided into 10 tehsils which are, Chittorgarh, Rashmi, Gangrar, Begun, Kapasan, Rawatbhata, Dungla, bhadesar, Bari Sadri, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Chittorgarh one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Chittorgarh district has a population of 1,544,392 and this gives it a ranking of 323rd in India. The district has a density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16. 09%, chittaurgarh has a sex ratio of 970 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62. 51%. The Chittorgarh Fort seated on a 180-metre hill, covers an expanse of 700 acres and it was constructed by the Mauryans in the 7th century AD. There is also a belief that it was constructed by Bhima of the Pancha Pandavas and this fort was the citadel of many great Indian warriors such as Gora, Badal, Rana Kumbha, Maharana Pratap, Jaimal, Patta, etc. Vijay Stambha, is a nine storey tower which was built by Maharana Kumbha to commemorate his victory over the rulers of Malwa. The tower is 122 ft high and stands on a 10 ft high base, there are sculptures and carvings on the exterior walls of the tower. The tower is visible from any section of the town below, and for reaching tower top one have to climb 157 steps, one can take great view of the surroundings. The inside walls of the tower are carved images of Gods, weapons. Kirti Stambh is a 22-metre-high tower built in 12th-century. Kirti Stambh is built inside Chittorgarh fort and it is dedicated to Rishabha, the first Tirthankara of Jainism. It was built by a merchant and is decorated with figures form the Jain pantheon. It is a seven storied pillar which was built by Biherwal Mahajan Sanaya of Digambar Jain sect during 12th century AD. On its four corners are engraved idols of Shri Adinathji in Digambar style which each are five feet high, Rana Kumbhas Palace is near the Vijay Stambh
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Churu district
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Churu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Churu is the headquarters of the district. The district has an area of approximately 16,830 km², the 2011 population was approximately 2,041,171. The gender ratio is 938 females per 1,000 males, there are 7 tehsils in the district, Churu, Ratangarh, Taranagar, Rajgarh, Sardarshahar, Sujangarh and Bidasar. The major crops include bajra and gram, the major minerals found in the district are copper and gypsum. Sujangarh, Ratangarh, Sardarshahar, Tarangar, Rajgarh, Ratannagar, Chapper, the Tal Chhapar Sanctuary, a blackbuck sanctuary, has more than 1,680 black bucks and migratory birds. It is an attraction for wildlife enthusiasts. The Bhadrakali Temple at Rajaldesar is popular among Shakta Tantra followers from all over India, baba Phool Nath Temple at Nawa, Rajgarh is popular and related to NATH Community. According to the 2011 census, Churu district has a population of approximately 2,041,172 and this gives it a ranking of 224th in India. The district has a density of 148 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-11 was approximately 6. 1%, Churu has a sex ratio of 938 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of about 67. 46%. Cultivators,73. 17% Agricultural laborers,3. 16% Processing, servicing,902 of the districts 926 villages have access to electricity. Water is available at the depth of 30 to 48 metres, with the exception of such as Sujangarh. The district has good connections within and outside the state, National Highway Nos.11,65, and 709 Ext. pass through the district. The total length of roads in the district is 3,010 km and is 240 km from Delhi via Hisar and 210 km. via Behal, the Churu district is served by broad gauge lines of the Northern-Western Railway. The total length of line is 363 km. The broad gauge is developing in areas of the district. The nearest airport is at Jaipur, Churu was ranked as 423rd in a ranking of 423 districts for the National Urban Sanitation Policy in 2009-2010
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Dausa district
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Dausa District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Dausa is the district headquarters and it has a population of 16,34,409, an area of 3034 km², and a population density of 384 persons per km² with 62. 75% literacy rate. The district is divided into Eight tehsils, Baswa, Dausa, Lalsot, Mahwa, Sikrai, Lawan, Nangal Rajawatan, the Sawa and Ban Ganga rivers run through the district. It is situated on National Highway no.11 From Jaipur to Agra and it is 55 km to the east of Jaipur. In Tehsil Mahwa there is a Gram Panchayat, Kherla Bujurg, all three candidates from National parties were resident this village, all of these three were from same cast, all were advocates by their profession. Eventually Hari Singh Gurjar was elected, BBC news services broadcast a special programme about it. Current time Dausa MP is Harish Meena, A former DGP of Rajasthan Police, Dausa is named after a hill near the city that was called Devgiri. On the top of hill is situated a fort, built by Badgujar Kings, later, Dausa was given by Chauhans to Kachwahas, but the centre of their power shifted to Amber. When Akbar went to Ajmer as a pilgrim to Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti in 1562, he stayed in Dausa and met with Rupsi Baragi, Hakim of Dausa at the time, agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Dausa. The main crops of the district are wheat, bajra, rapeseed, mustard, Dausa District was constituted on 10 April 1991 by separating four tehsils, namely Dausa, Baswa, Sikrai, & Lalsot from Jaipur district. Mahwa Tehsil of Sawai Madhopur was included in this district on 15 August 1992, Dausa is not the smallest district of Rajasthan by area. Dholpur is the smallest district, at 3,034 square km, according to the 2011 census Dausa district has a population of 1,637,226, roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 305th in India, the district has a population density of 476 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24. 31%, Dausa has a sex ratio of 904 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69. 17%. Official website Dausa district on Rajasthan govt page Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Dholpur district
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Dholpur District is a district of Rajasthan state in Northern India. The town of Dholpur is the district headquarters Dholpur District has an area of 3084 km², the Chambal River forms the southern boundary of the district, across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. The district is bounded by the state of Uttar Pradesh on the east and northeast, by Bharatpur District of Rajasthan on the northwest, and Karauli District of Rajasthan on the west. Administratively the district is divided into four subdivisions, Dholpur, Bari, Rajakhera, and Baseri, and five tehsils, Dholpur, Badi, Rajakhera, Basedi, the economy of the district is primarily agricultural. According to the 2011 census Dholpur district has a population of 1,207,293 and this gives it a ranking of 394th in India. The district has a density of 398 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22. 78%, dhaulpur has a sex ratio of 845 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70. 14%
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Dungarpur district
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Dungarpur District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Dungarpur is the district headquarters. It is fastest developing city in India, the area of Dungarpur district was occupied by the Bhil people perhaps as early as 4000 BCE. But this time it is developed enough like other smart city, there is second largest community of Patidar. It was invaded by Rajputs in the 12th century, Dungarpur State was founded in 1197 by Samant Singh, a Rajput prince from Mewar, but Rajput control over the area took centuries. Bagar or Vargar was the name the Rajputs gave to the area of Dungarpur, the district has an area of 3,770 km² and a population of 1,388,906. The district is triangular in shape. The Mahi River runs along the edge of the district. The Som River, a tributary of the Mahi, runs along the edge of the district. The district is bounded on the southeast by the districts of Sabarkantha, Panchmahal, the Vatrak River originates in Dungarpur District. The district has a dry climate with a hot season from April to June, however the climate is milder than in the regions of Rajasthan to the north. The maximum temperature in the district occurs during the hot season, the minimum temperature ranges between 10° and 12° Celsius, usually occurring in January. The monsoon season, which runs from June through September, brings almost the only rain to much of the district, the annual rainfall varies extensively over the district from up to 880 mm in Dungarpur town in the northwest to under 500 mm at Nithawa in the northeast. But the rainfall is quite variable from year to year, as Nithawa had 805 mm in 2013, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dungarpur one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Dungarpur district has a population of 1,388,906 and this gave it a ranking of 351st in India. The district had a density of 368 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25. 39%, Dungarpur had a sex ratio of 990 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 60. 78%. The Vagad region of Rajasthan includes Dungarpur and Banswara districts, vagads population is predominantly Bhils, a tribal people of central India
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Hanumangarh district
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Hanumangarh district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in India. The city of Hanumangarh is the headquarters and its largest city. The district is located in the north of Rajasthan. It has an area of 12,645 km², a population of 1,779,650 and a population density of 184 persons/km². It is bounded on the north by Punjab state, on the east by Haryana state, on the south by Churu District of Rajasthan, the major work of the district is farming, major crops include rice, millet, cotton, sonamukhi, wheat, and vegetables. This is the 31st district of Rajasthan and it was made as district on 12 July 1994 from Sri Ganganagar district. Earlier it was one of the Tehsils of Sri Ganganagar district, the district contains the archaeological site of Kalibangan, and Pallu. Hanumangarh also has Bhatner Fort which is considered to be one of the oldest forts of India, according to the 2011 census Hanumangarh district has a population of 1,779,650, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 269th in India, Hanumangarh is one of the highest per capita income earning district in India. The district has a density of 184 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 17. 24%, Hanumangarh has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 68. 37%. Bagri, a dialect of Rajasthani language, or Malvayi, a dialect of Punjabi language, are spoken by majority of population, haryanyavi, Sindhi, Sansi, and Sikh Bawari are other languages and dialects spoken at small level. Vernaculars include Bagri, a language in the Rajasthani cluster spoken by the majority of people. The district boasts of land of many Rajasthani writers in this dialect, many villages in southern areas are famous centers for Rajasthani writers. Punjabi is second most spoken language of the district, Punjabi has its ground as second language specially in the northern areas like Sangaria, Hanmangarh, Pilibanga tehsils. Punjabi is taught as a language in many schools and also chosen by students up to postgraduation level. The Malwayi dialect is most common dialect of Punjabi language spoken, other dialects are Bahawalpuri, Multani spoken by Arora, RaiSikhs communities. Culture Rural kutcha homes with folk art can be seen in remote villages
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Jaipur district
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Jaipur District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in Northern India. The city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthans capital and largest city, is the district headquarters and it is the tenth most populous district in India. Being the state capital, Jaipur has a Legislative Assembly and this gives it a ranking of 10th in India. The district has a density of 598 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26. 91%, Jaipur has a sex ratio of 909 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76. 44%. Hemant Shesh Writer and civil servant, dravati River, Amanishah ka Nallah Official website Jaipur District
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Jaisalmer district
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Jaisalmer District, is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jaisalmer is the headquarters of the district. As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Rajasthan and it is the largest district of Rajasthan and third largest in the country in area. Jaisalmer District lies in the Thar Desert, which straddles the border of India and it is bounded on the northeast by Bikaner District, on the east by Jodhpur District, on the south by Barmer District, and on the west and north by Pakistan. The district is located within a rectangle lying between 26°. 4’ –28°.23 North parallel and 69°. 20-72°.42 east meridians, the length of international border attached to the district is 464 km. Jaisalmer is almost entirely a sandy waste, forming a part of the great Indian desert, the general aspect of the area is that of an interminable sea of sandhills, of all shapes and sizes, some rising to a height of 150 ft. Those in the west are covered with log bushes, those in the east with tufts of long grass, water is scarce, and generally brackish, the average depth of the wells is said to be about 250 ft. There are no streams, and only one small river, the Kakni, which, after flowing a distance of 28 m. spreads over a large surface of flat ground. The climate is dry and healthy, throughout Jaisalmer only raincrops, such as bajra, joar, motif, til, etc. are grown, spring crops of wheat, barley, etc. are very rare. Owing to the scant rainfall, irrigation is almost unknown, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jaisalmer one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Jaisalmer district has a population of 672,008 and this gives it a ranking of 508th in India. The district has a density of 17 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 32. 22%, Jaisalmer has a sex ratio of 849 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 58. 04%. Jaisalmer district has three sub-divisions, Jaisalmer, Pokaran and Fatehgarh, with the same name, these are also the three tehsils of district. Jaisalmer and Pokaran are the Nagar Palikas, while 744 villages comes under 128 Gram Panchayats, the developmental activities of the district are being looked after by three Panchayat Samities, i. e. Jaisalmer, Sam and Sankra. Jaisalmer is one of the largest foreign tourist attractor districts in the Rajasthan, per year about 276,887 tourists visit the district, out of which about 100,000 tourist are foreigners. Some of the tourist attractions in the Jaisalmer are, Jaisalmer Fort & inside fort-Jain Temples, Thar desert Bada Bagh Lodhruva Akal Wood Fossil Park Every year Desert festival is being celebrated for the tourists
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Jalore district
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Jalore District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The city of Jalore is the headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 10,640 km2, the district is bounded on the northwest by Barmer District, on the northeast by Pali District, on the southeast by Sirohi District, and by Banaskantha District of Gujarat state on the southwest. The total area of the district is 10,640 km2, the altitude is 268 mts, latitude is 25.22 N and longitude is 72.58 E. Physiographically, the district is oblong in shape, extending up to Rann of Kutch. The region is generally plain but for some scattered thickly wooded hills in the north, the eastern portion of the district is rocky while the western tract is a roughly plain dotted with Sand dunes & sand ridges. In respect of its formation, most part of district is formed of fourth century modern century deposits. These deposits can be seen in Grid pattern formed by sand, new alluvial, in Bhinmal Teshils South Eastern part of Jaswantpur, highest mountains of the district are situated. The highest peak is Sundha. Luni River is the river in the district with its tributaries Jawai, Khari, Sukri, Bandi. There are five sub-units Ahore, Jalore, Bhinmal, Raniwara, Jalore, Ahore, Bhinmal, Raniwara, Sanchore, Sayala and Bagoda are tehsils and Bhadrajun have Sub-Tehsil Office. There are seven Panchayat Samitis including Jalore, Bhinmal, Akoli, jaswantpura and Chitalwana is declared to be made tehsils in Rajasthan budget-2012-13. There are 767 revenue villages in the district grouped under 264 Gram Panchayat villages, three Municipalities are situated at Jalore, Bhinmal and Sanchore. Jalore-Sirohi is one joint one parliamentary constituency, buta Singh won three times from this parliamentary constituency. There are five legislative assembly areas namely Jalore, Ahore, Bhinmal, Raniwara, the economy of district is mainly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. The oilseeds specially mustard oil seed is predominant crop, wheat, bajra, kharif pulses, barley, jowar and in very huge quantity of fleawort. Of late some mineral based industries are set up based on mineral available from local mines, the main minerals produced are, Gypsum, limestone, bajari, murram, granite, and graded fluorite. There is no large and medium industry in the district. The main small scale industries are, granite slabs and tiles, marble cutting and polishing, mustard seed crushing, skimmed milk powder, butter and ghee, handloom cloth, there are four industrial areas in the district. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jalore one of the countrys 250 most backward districts and it is one of the twelve districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme
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Jhalawar district
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Jhalawar district is one of the 33 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The district occupies an area of 6928 km², the district is part of Kota division. The historical city of Jhalawar is the headquarters of the district. The name of the district is derived from the princely state of Jhalawar. The territory of the present district belonged to the state of Jhalawar till Indias independence in 1947. This princely state was carved out from another state of Kota on April 8,1838 by a treaty between the British and the rulers of Kota state. The district lies in the Hadoti region in southeast Rajasthan, on the edge of Malwa Plateau, the Kali Sindh River flows northward through the center of the district. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Jhalawar one of the countrys 250 most backward districts and it is one of the twelve districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. The district is divided into six sub-divisions, Jhalawar, Aklera, Bhawani Mandi, Pirawa, Khanpur, according to the 2011 census Jhalawar district has a population of 1,411,327, roughly equal to the nation of Swaziland or the US state of Hawaii. This gives it a ranking of 349th in India, the district has a population density of 227 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19. 57%, Jhalawar has a sex ratio of 945 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62. 13%. Jhalawar district is home to tribes, including Gurjars, Meenas
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Jhunjhunu district
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Jhunjhunu district is a district of the Indian state Rajasthan in western India. The town Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters, Jhunjhunu is the only district in India which has contributed maximum number of soldiers in Indian Army. As an average house has one or more soldier serving in Indian Army. Jhunjhunu district is part of Shekhawati Region, Jhunjhunu was founded and ruled by the Kaimkhani Nawabs till 1730. Rohilla Khan was the last Nawab of Jhunjhunu, the Nawabs ruled over Jhunjhunu for 280 years. Rohilla Khan had imposed great faith in Shardul Singh and he acted as his Diwan, Shardul Singh was a bold and efficient administrator. He occupied Jhunjhunu after the death of Rohilla Khan in 1730 A. D and it was by dint of his subtle political demeanour that Maharao Shardul Singh occupied Jhunjhunu & ruled over it for 12 years. After his death the estate was divided equally among his five sons and their descendants continued to rule over it till Indian Independence in 1947. Shardul Singhs religious belief was instrumental in him having built many such as Kalyan Ji Mandir & Gopinath Ji Ka mandir at Jhunjhunu. To commemorate Maharao Shardul Singh, his sons made a dome at Parasrampura ordorned with fresco paintings. According to the 2011 census Jhunjhunu district has a population of 2,139,658 and this gives it a ranking of 214th in India. The district has a density of 361 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11. 81%, jhunjhunun has a sex ratio of 950 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 74. 72%. The Pasaris, Piramals, Chandaks and The Birla family, four families of prominent Indian industrialists, former Central Minister Late Sis Ram Ola was also from the district. Ramakrishna Mission in the Khetri town of the district, the Khetri Copper Complex of Hindustan Copper Limited is situated at distance of 10 km from the Khetri town. It is the largest Copper mines in India and it also has by-products i. e. Sulphuric Acid, Fertilizer etc. Dalmia Vidya Mandir Chirawa K R Memorial Sr. Sec School, Pilani BITS Pilani Delhi Public School Jhunjhunu Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University
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Jodhpur district
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Jodhpur District is a district in the State of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jodhpur is the headquarters of the district. As of the 2011 census, it is the second highest populated district of Rajasthan, Jodhpur is the historic center of the Marwar region. The district contains Mandore, the ancient capital of the Pratihara Rajput kings, Jodhpur was founded in the 15th century by Rao Jodha, and served as the capital of the kingdom of Marwar under the Rathore Rajput dynasty until after Indian Independence in 1947. The district is located in the State of Rajasthan in western India, the district stretches between 26 00’ and 27 37’ north latitude and between 72 55’ and 73 52’ east longitude. This district is situated at an altitude between 250 to 300 meters above sea level, Jodhpur district comprises three distinct physiography units, the alluvial plains, sand dunes and escarpments. The western and north-western parts of Jodhpur district are characterized by sand dunes, with exception of some parts of Bilara and Osian tehsil, land surface of the district is nearly flat and sandy. Luni is the important river in the district, it enters Jodhpur district near Bilara. Jodhpur is famous for its rich history and it is also referred to as the Blue City and Sun City. Blue City is derived due to the blue tinge to the houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. In the 2001 census, there were five sub-divisions in the district, for ease of administration, there were four sub-tehsils, Balesar, Bap, Jhanwar and Tinwari. Balesar and Bap has local councils, as of 2011, there were seven sub-divisions in the district and eleven tehsils. In addition to these, there were two independent sub-tehsils, Jhanwar and Tinwari, all tehsils are development blocks and have panchayat samities, except Jodhpur which is an urban agglomeration governed as a Municipal Corporation. The towns of Bilara, Phalodi and Piparcity are governed by Municipal Councils, there are 1,794 villages under 351 Gram Panchayats. According to the 2011 census Jodhpur district has a population of 3,685,681 and this gives it a ranking of 73rd in India. The district has a density of 161 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 27. 69%, Jodhpur has a sex ratio of 915 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67. 09%. Central Arid Zone Research Institute Arid Forest Research Institute Jodhpur district Official website Jodhpur district Jodhpur Map District Jodhpur, Gram Panchayat, Samiti, Official Website of Jodhpur District Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Karauli district
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Karauli District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Karauli is the district headquarters, Karauli is famous for popular red-stone. The population of the district is 1,458,248, the district of Karauli encompasses an area of 5043 km2. It is bordered by Dholpur District to the east, by Bharatpur District to the north-east, by Dausa District to the north, the Chambal River forms the south-eastern boundary of the district,5 km from Mandrayal across which lies the state of Madhya Pradesh. While almost the entire district is covered by hills and ravines, there are no lofty peaks, good grade stone and some iron ore comprise the mineral resources of the area. Karauli is famous for its geographical specialities and is full of beauty and covered by Vindhyanchal. The district has all sorts of plain, high and low, the plains are very fertile and clay is very lightweight and sandy. There are many rivers in the district. Annual rainfall is 668.86 mm, about 35 days in a year, maximum temperature is 49 °C in May and 2 °C in January. Karauli is one of the holiest city of India as there are more than 300 temples, according to the ancient history, region of Karauli was under Matsya Kingdom before the 11th century. It is to be noted that Raja Bijai Pal, a Jadon Rajput. The local legends and Hindu scholars believe that he was the 88th in descent of Lord Krishna, on the other hand, historians and scholars cite that it was Maharaja Arjun Dev Yadav who founded the princely state of Karauli in 1348. It is to be remembered till the 19th century, Karauli was an independent principality. In 1818, this came under the direct rule of the Rajputana Agency. Sand stone, Missionary Stone, Silica sand, Soapstone, White clay are the major Minerals found in this district, about 200 small units are using sand stone for cutting & polishing of stones to be used in building making. Karauli Location- Karauli city is located in the Karauli district in the east of Rajasthan state in western India, Karauli is situated at 114 kilometres west from Agra and 158 kilometres from the city of Jaipur. It has an elevation of 275 metres. By road The district of Karauli is well connected by the network of road to major and minor cities and towns of Rajasthan
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Kota district
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Kota District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Kota is the headquarters of the district. During the period around 12th century AD, Rao Deva, a Hada Chieftain conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. In the early 17th century AD, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture. In Pre Independence days social activist Guru Radha Kishan worked here along with other prominent freedom fighters and he left Kota after local administration came to know about the arrest warrant issued against him for his activities for freedom movement. The district is bounded on the north by Bundi District, on the east by Baran District, on the south by Jhalawar District and it is renowned for its IIT JEE preparation as well as medical exams preparation. It is now the hub of educational institutions and is home to Asias biggest manufacturer of fertilizer, further, Kota is surrounded by four power stations within its 50 km radius. First is Rajasthan atomic power plant which is a power plant and is very near to Kota at a place called Rawatbhata and is situated at a place called Rawatbhata in the Chittorgarh District. Second is Kota Thermal Power plant which generates power from coal and is situated at the bank of Chambal river and is within Kota city, third is Anta Gas Power plant which generates power from gas and is situated at a place called Anta in the Baran District. And the fourth is Jawahar Sagar Power plant which is hydraulic power plant, according to the 2011 census Kota district has a population of 1,950,491, roughly equal to the nation of Lesotho or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 239th in India, the district has a population density of 374 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 24. 35%, Kota has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 77. 48%. Udayan - The Health Monthly Published by Govt, medical College, Kota Dainik Bhaskar Rajasthan Patrika
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Nagaur district
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Nagaur District is one of the 33 districts of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Area of the district is 17,718 km2, the city of Nagaur is the district headquarters. Nagaur District is situated between 26°25 & 27°40 North Latitude & 73°.10 & 75°.15 East Longitude, the district lies in the Marwar region of Rajasthan, in the Northwestern thorn scrub forests belt surrounding the Thar Desert. Kheduli is a palace where pupil of khawaja moiniddin chisti hamiduddin nagouri lived for 10 years. The district consists 12 Main tehsils and these are Nagaur, Kheenvsar, Jayal, Merta City, Degana, Didwana, Ladnun, Parbatsar, Makrana, Kuchaman City, Nawa, Mundwa. All of these are Sub-divisions also, there are 11 blocks and 1607 villages in the district. According to the 2011 census Nagaur district has a population of 3,309,234 and this gives it a ranking of 102nd in India. The district has a density of 187 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19. 25%, Nagaur has a sex ratio of 948 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64. 08%. Jaat are the dominant caste in this district, official website Nagaur district Nagaur Map Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Pali district
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Pali District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Pali is the district headquarters, during the Kushana Age, King Kanishka had conquered Rohat and Jaitaran area, parts of todays Pali district, in 120 AD. Till the end of seventh century A. D. this area was ruled by the Chalukya King Harshavardhana along with parts of the present state of Rajasthan. During the period from 10th to 15th century, boundaries of Pali extended to adjoining Mewar, Godwad, Nadol was the capital of Chauhans. All Rajput rulers resisted the invaders but individually fought for each others land. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan, against Mohammed Gauri, the Rajput power of the area was disintegrated, Godwad area of Pali become the subjects of then ruler of Mewar, Maharana Kumbha. But Pali city which was ruled by Brahmin rulers with the patronage of neighbouring Rajput rulers, remained peaceful, the 16th and 17th centuries saw a number of battles in the surrounding areas of Pali. Shershah Suri was defeated by Rajput rulers in the battle of Giri near Jaitaran, again after the Mughals had conquered almost all of Rajputana, Veer Durga Das Rathore of Marwar made organized efforts to redeem the Marwar area from Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor. By then Pali had become subservient to Rathores of Marwar state, Pali was rehabilitated by Maharaja Vijay Singh and soon it became an important commercial center. Under British era in India in 1857, various Thakurs of Pali under the stewardship of Thakur of Auwa fought against the British rule, Auwa fort was surrounded by the British army and then conflicts lasted many days. Geologists trace the existence of Pali to pre-historic age and maintain that it has emerged from the vast western sea spread over a part of the present day Rajasthan. In the Vedic age Maharshi Javali stayed in this area for meditation and interpretation of Vedas, the Pandavas in the Mahabharata age also have made this area their resting place during the exile. As a part of ancient Arbuda Province, this area was known as Balla-Desh, the Aravalli Range forms the eastern boundary of the district and towards southern boundary it ends at Bamnera village in Sumerpur Tehsil. A zone of foothills lies to the west, through which run the many tributaries of the Luni River, the western portion of the district includes the alluvial plain of the Luni. Pali Pali Lok Sabha constituency is in two districrt Pali and Jodhpur, Member of parliament - Present MP is P P Choudhary he belong from Seervi community, Bharatiya Janata Party. In Pali district 6 Legislative Assembly here.1 constituency sojat is reserved for SC, • Jaitaran Constituency - Present MLA is Surendra Goyal. • Bali constituency - Present MLA is Pushpendra Singh Ranawat, • Sumerpur constituency - Present MLA is Madan Rathore. • Pali constituency - Present MLA is Gyan Chand Parakh, • Marwar Junction constituency - Present MLA is Kesaram Choudhary
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Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan
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Pratapgarh district is the 33rd district of Rajasthan, created on 26 January 2008. It is a part of Udaipur Division and has carved out from the erstwhile tehsils of Chittorgarh, Udaipur. Pratapgarh town is the headquarters of the district. The rulers of Partabgadh-Raj were descendants of Sisodia clan of Mewar Rajputs, maharana Kumbha was the ruler of Chittorgarh state in the 14th century. Legend has it that due to some dispute on property issues with his cousin Kshem Singh alias Kshemkarana. Kshemkarans family was refugee for some time and lived in the Aravali ranges in the southernmost part of Mewar regime, in 1514, Kshemkaran’s son Prince Surajmal became the ruler of Devalia. Thus, historically, Pratapgarh has been a part of Mewar Rulers of Udaipur. Vasundhara Raje, the then Chief Minister of Rajasthan, announced Pratapgarh to be an independent district in 2008, a few important still unexplored archaeological and historical sites include Avleshwara, Ghotaavarshika, Sidheriya, Gandharvpur Jaanagarh, Veerpur and many others. Sita Mata sanctuary houses pre-historic rock engravings, ghotarasi village is located around 10 km from the town, which has an Old Suryanarayan temple, Gotameswara is an anacient lord Shiva temple situated 18 km from Pratapgarh near Arnod town. It is believed that this temple has a tunnel made by Pandvas during their agyatwaas period. People of Pratapgarh were demanding to make it an independent district separate from Chittorgarh district, the Government of Rajasthan declared on 6 July 2006 its intention to create Pratapgarh as a separate district. The process of officially declaring Pratapgarh as a new district took some time, Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje declared Praratapgarh as 33rd district of Rajasthan on 8 March 2007 in legislative assemblys budget session. Pratapgarh, Arnod and Chhoti Sadri tehsils from chittaurgarh district, Peepal Khoont from Banswada district, as Pratapgarh already had some district offices and also a different vehicle registration code than Chittaurgarh, this was an apt decision. Significant progress in all spheres of life is noticiable after 2008. However, much is to be done in creating essential infra-structural facilities, location Pratapgarh is located at 24. 03° N74. 78° E with an average elevation of 580 meters. It is said to be the second highest place in Rajasthan after Mount Abu, situated on the junction of the Aravali mountain ranges and the Malwa Plateau its unique location prominently carries the geological characteristics of these both. Area The geographical area of Pratapgarh is 4,11,736 hectares, climate, Soil, Topography and Minerals The average annual rainfall is 856 mm. The soil is highly fertile Black Cotton Soil made of magma of volcanos
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Rajsamand district
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Rajsamand District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The town of Rajsamand is the district headquarters, the city and district are named for Rajsamand Lake, an artificial lake created in the 17th century by Rana Raj Singh of Mewar. The district had been constituted on 10 April 1991 from Udaipur district, the district has an area of 4,768 km². The Aravalli Range forms the boundary of the district, across which lies Pali District. Ajmer District lies to the north, Bhilwara District to the northeast and east, Chittorgarh District to the southeast, the district lies in the watershed of the Banas River and its tributaries. Some other rivers are, Ari, Gomati, Chandra and Bhoga, according to the 2011 census Rajsamand district has a population of 1,158,283, roughly equal to the nation of Timor-Leste or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 405th in India, the district has a population density of 302 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17. 35%, Rajsamand has a sex ratio of 988 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 63. 93%. Rajsamand District Official website Rajsamand District Hindi Website Rajsamand Profile
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Sawai Madhopur district
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Sawai Madhopur District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. Sawai Madhopur is the town and district headquarters. Sawai Madhopur District has an area of 4498 km², shri O. P. Jain took over the charge of first Sawai Madhopur District & Session Court judge. Ajai kumar ojha is the District & Sessions Judge of Sawai Madhopur, there are 10 judges in the Sawai Madhopur District Court. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sawai Madhopur one of the countrys 250 most backward districts and it is one of the twelve districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. According to the 2011 census Sawai Madhopur district has a population of 1,338,114 and this gives it a ranking of 362nd in India. The district has a density of 297 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19. 79%, Sawai Madhopur has a sex ratio of 894 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 66. 19%. Ganesh Chaturthi Fair is the largest fair of Sawai Madhopur and it is organised on Bhadav Shukla Chaturthi at Ganesh Temple, Ranthambhore Fort. This is very fair in Rajasthan. People of Rajasthan and outside Rajasthan visit for this fair, every year 3-4 lacs devotees participates in this fair. This fair is organised for three days, Chauth Mata Temple is about 25 km from the Sawai Madhopur city in Chauth Ka Barawara town. This fair is organised on Magh Krishna Chaturthi, lacs of people around Rajasthan and other states visit here for this Fair. The Famous Dwadash Jyotirlinga Ghushmeshwar Mahadev is 3 km. from Iserda Railway Station on Sawai Madhopur - Jaipur Train Route in Shiwar Town, thousands 0f people come here to seek blessings of Lord Shiva for prosperity in this fair. The Rameshwaram Temple is 60 km from Sawai Madhopur on the confluence of Banas and it has a beautiful Shiva temple where a fair is held annually on Shiv Ratri. Lakhs of people Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh visit here for this Fair, every year besakh shukla puranmasi this fair is organised at Gangapur City. This fair is organised for Seven days, thousands of people join this fair
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Sikar district
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Sikar district is a district of the Indian state Rajasthan in western India. The town Sikar is the headquarters of the Sikar district. The district is located in the part of the state of Rajasthan. It is bounded on the north by Jhunjhunu district, in the north-west by Churu district, in the south-west by Nagaur district and it also touches Mahendragarh district of Haryana on its north-east corner. The district has an area of 7742.44 km² and a population of 26,77,737, Sikar, Churu district and Jhunjhunu districts comprise the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. The old name of Sikar was Veer Bhan Ka Bas, according to the 2011 census Sikar district has a population of 2,677,737, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 150th in India, the district has a population density of 346 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17. 04%, Sikar has a sex ratio of 944 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 72. 98%. The district has a hot summer, scanty rainfall, a winter season. The maximum and minimum temperatures are 47 to 48 and 1 to 0 degrees Celsius, the average temperature around the year is about 8 to 35 degrees Celsius. The normal rainfall, mostly received from the southwest monsoon, is 459.8 mm and this district is popular as a pilgrimage place of Khatushyam, an avatar of Krishna. Every month before the moon on Ekadhasi-Dwadasi Tithis a fair is organised. Devotees come from all over the country and other countries, such as Nepal, a big festival takes place every year in the Hindu month of Phagun from full moon Navami to Dwadasi as near 20-25 lakhs of people come to celebrate the Dharshan of Khatushyam. Rajkumar Hardyal Singh Government Museum Sikar, Bada Talab, Sanwali Road, jeenmata Harshnath Mata Mansa Devi Temple, Hasampur Mata Mansa Devi Temple, Dhandhela Kankrala Balaji, Khakoli Salasar Dham Sikar district has become a hub for education in Rajasthan state. Along with government colleges providing arts, sciences, and commerce education, mody Institute of Technology and Science, which is in the Lakshmangarh town of the district imparts girls education. Other reputed colleges includes Sobhasaria Engineering College, there is one Government Polytechnic College in Sikar district. Here some famous institutes provide coaching for engineering and medical exams, some institutes are Gurukripa, CLC, Resonance, Career Point, PCP, Samarpan, Matrix, BNM Academy. Around 350-400 students were selected in 2013 IIT JEE from these local institutes, Sikar is the smallest city which has IIT JEE Advance centre
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Sirohi district
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Sirohi District is a district of Rajasthan state in western India. The town of Sirohi is the district headquarters, Abu Road is the biggest city and the main financial hub of Sirohi District. As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Rajasthan, after Jaisalmer, according to the 2011 census Sirohi district has a population of 1,037,185, roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus or the US state of Rhode Island. This gives it a ranking of 437rd in India, the district has a population density of 202 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21. 86%, Sirohi has a sex ratio of 938 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 56. 02%. In 1948, Sirohi was taken over by Bombay State from 5 January 1949 to 25 January 1950, in 1950, Sirohi was given to Rajasthan. At that time an area of 787 km2, consisting of Abu Road tehsil and a part of Delwara tehsil was merged with then Bombay state, but it was returned to Sirohi district of Rajasthan State on November 1,1956. Sirohi is also called as Dev Nagari since ancient times because of many temples and shrines in the district, Sirohi is also famous for manufacturing of double edged swords, from the time of the Chouhan Deora rulers until 1947. The district has an area of 5136 km² and it is bordered on the west by Jalor District, on the north by Pali District, on the east by Udaipur District, and on the south by Banas Kantha District of Gujarat. It has an area of 5139 km, Sirohi district is situated at the south-west part of Rajasthan between parallel of 24° 20′ and 25° 17′ North Latitude and 72° 16′ and 73° 10′ East Longitude. Sirohi District is broken up by hills and rocky ranges, the granite massif of Mount Abu divides the district into two portions, running from north-east to south-west. The south and south-east part of the district, which lies between Mount Abu and the spine of the Aravallis, is mountainous and rugged, and is drained by the West Banas River. Abu Road, a station on the main Delhi-Ahmedabad rail line, dry deciduous forest is common in this part of the district, and the higher elevations of Mount Abu are covered in conifer forests. Abu Road is the biggest city and the financial hub of Sirohi District. Sirohi district has least number of villages in Rajasthan, the portion of the district west and north of Mount Abu is drier, lying in the rain shadow of the mountain, which blocks the southwest monsoon. The southwest corner of the district is drained by the Sukri river, the northwestern portion of the district is drained by tributaries of the Luni River. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests cover the western and northern portion of the district, warada is the last village of Sirohi located on Sirohi-Siyana Road. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sirohi one of the countrys 250 most backward districts and it is one of the twelve districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme
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Sri Ganganagar district
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Sri Ganganagar district is a northernmost district of Rajasthan state in western India. Named after Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner, Sri Ganganagar district was part of Bikaner state and this was a mostly uninhabited region. The history of this district is testimony to the vision and efforts of Maharaja Ganga Singh, the waters of the Sutlej River were brought into the region through the 89-mile long Gang Canal in 1927, turning this region into a breadbasket of Rajasthan. Sri Ganganagar District is located between Latitude 28.4 to 30.6 and Longitude 72.2 to 75.3 The total area of Sri Ganganagar is 11,154.66 km² or 1,115,466 hectares. It is surrounded on the east by Hanumangarh District, on the south by Bikaner District, there are following ten tehsils in Ganganagar district. This gives it a ranking of 235th in India, the district has a population density of 179 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 10. 06%, Ganganagar has a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 70. 25%. The district has editions of state level newspapers from Jaipur, which are re-published from Ganganagar and Raisinghnagar, the newspaper Seema Sandesh is published from Ganganagar in Hindi. Air Suratgarh, a station, broadcasts programmes in Hindi, Rajasthani. It was commissioned in 1981 and broadcasts on the 918 kHz frequency
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Tonk district
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Tonk District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Tonk is the headquarters of the district. Tonk is on National Highway 12,100 km from Jaipur and it is in the northeastern part of the state between 75.19 and 76.16 East longitude and 25.41 and 26.24 North latitude. The total area is 7194 km2 and it is one of the four districts headquarters of Rajasthan state that are not directly connected with rail. The nearest railway station, Newai, is within the district but is 30 km from the district headquarters, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Tonk one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the 12 districts in Rajasthan receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund, most of the population depends on agriculture. There are seven sub-divisions and tehsils, Deoli, Malpura, Newai, Todaraisingh, Tonk, Uniara, Tonk is Nagar-Parishad while Deoli, Malpura, Newai, Todaraisingh and Uniara are Nagar-Palikas. There were 1093 villages in the according to the 2001 census. According to the 2011 census Tonk district has a population of 1,421,711 and this gives it a ranking of 347th in India. The district has a density of 198 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17. 33%, Tonk has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 62. 46%
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Udaipur district
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Udaipur District is one of the 33 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Udaipur is the headquarters of the district. Udaipur is one of the 7 divisions in Rajasthan, Udaipur District bounded on the northwest by the Aravalli Range, across which lie the districts of Sirohi and Pali. It is part of the Mewar region of Rajasthan, the western portion of the district is drained by the Sabarmati River, which originates in the Aravalli Range of Udaipur District flows south into Gujarat. The northern portion of the district is drained by tributaries of the Banas River, including the Ahar River, the southern and central portion of the district is drained by tributaries of the Mahi River, including the Som and the Gomati. Dhebar Lake, also known as Jaisamand Lake, has an area of 50 km2 when full, in 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Udaipur one of the countrys 250 most backward districts. It is one of the districts in Rajasthan currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme. Udaipur district is rich in resources, and is home for a large variety of important minerals. The important metal and non-metallic found in the district are orc of Copper, Lead, Zinc and Silver. Besides these, other important minerals like industrial minerals rock, phosphate, asbestos, calcite, lime stone, barites, emerald, production of mineral 2010-11 Udaipur district comprises seven sub-divisions, Girwa, Kherwada, Mavli, Vallabhnagar, Kotda, Jhadol and Salumber. These sub-divisions are further divided into 11 tehsils, Girwa sub-division consists two tehsils, Girwa and Gogunda. Kherwada sub-division also comprises two tehsils, Kherwada and Rishabhdev, each of the sub-divisions, Mavli, Vallabhnagar, Kotda and Jhadol comprises only one tehsil of same name. Salumber sub-division comprises three tehsils, Lasadia, Salumber and Sarada, according to the 2011 census Udaipur district has a population of 3,068,420, roughly equal to the nation of Oman or the US state of Iowa. Hindu 90%, Muslim 9%, Others 1% and this gives it a ranking of 118th in India. The district has a density of 242 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23. 66%, Udaipur has a sex ratio of 958 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62. 74%. Udaipur district collectorate website Nakkash Ki Devi - Gomti Dham
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Kalyan Singh
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Kalyan Singh is the Governor of Rajasthan since 4 September 2014. He took additional charge of Himachal Pradesh replacing Urmila Singh, whose term ended on 24 January 2015. Prior to that, he was an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh, Kalyan Singh was born to Tejpal Singh Lodhi and Sita on 5 January 1932. He has served two terms as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and was appointed Governor of Rajasthan on 26 August 2014, Kalyan Singh is known as a role in the Babri Masjid demolition. During a speech at the 26th convocation ceremony, he appealed against the word ‘Adhinayak’ and he first became the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh in June 1991. In October 1991, his government acquired 2.77 acres of land around the Babri Masjid Complex under a government notification for the purpose of promoting tourism. In July 1992, the Sangh Parivar laid the foundation for the proposed Ram temple by digging around the Babri Masjid, Kalyan Singhs government called it a platform for performing bhajans while the Vishva Hindu Parishad declared it as the foundation for Ram temple. However, Kar Sevaks demolished Babri mosque on that day, taking the moral responsibility, he resigned from the post of Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in the evening. Later, Union government dissolved Uttar Pradesh assembly and he contested assembly elections to Uttar Pradesh assembly in November 1993 from two constituencies, namely Atrauli and Kasganj and won from both. He later served as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh again between September 1997 and November 1999 and this government of his insisted that all primary classes should begin the day with a worship of Bharat Mata and that Vande Mataram should substitute Yes Sir during roll call. He also promised to create Uttarakhand within 90 days if BJP leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister, on 21 October 1997, Bahujan Samaj Party withdrew support to Kalyan Singh government. For this, he was given the portfolio in the new cabinet. The order was stayed by a bench of the Allahabad High Court which directed the status quo ante bellum to be maintained thus reinstating his government. Naresh Agrawal, who had become deputy minister in Jagdambika Pals government. The BSP rebels were to be rewarded with ministerial berths and this was duly done within days and he left the party in December 1999 and rejoined in January 2004. He contested the 2004 Lok Sabha elections on the BJP ticket from Bulandshahar, before the LokSabha election of 2009 he left BJP and contest election from Etah LokSabha seat as an independent and subsequently won it. It has been reported that Kalyan Singh is expected to join BJP and is to be appointed as a Vice-President of Bharatiya Janata Party and his son Rajveer Singh have also been a Member of Legislative Assembly for a term. Singh resigned his post and party membership on 20 January 2009, after meetings with Samajwadi Party leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Amar Singh, Singh announced that he would campaign for the SP in the 2009 Lok Sabha elections
44.
Vasundhara Raje
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Vasundhara Raje Scindia, commonly referred to as Vasundhara Raje, is an Indian politician who has been Chief Minister of Rajasthan since 2013, previously she served in the same post from 2003 to 2008. She is the first female Chief Minister of Rajasthan, Vasundhara Raje was born on 8 March 1953 in Mumbai. She is daughter of Vijayaraje Scindia and Jivajirao Scindia, Maharaja of Gwalior, Vasundhara Raje married Hemant Singh, of the ex-royal Dholpur family, on 17 November 1972, but the couple separated a year later. Her son Dushyant Singh was elected to the Lok Sabha from her former constituency, owing to the atmosphere Vasundhara was enveloped in at a tender age, public service and politics has been ingrained strongly into her mind and heart. Meanwhile, the nation initiated an agitation against the supreme forces ruling then, amidst the wild animosity in the nation, Rajmata Vijaya Raje was arrested during the concerned Emergency. In 1984, Raje stepped into the Indian political system, initially, she was made a Member of the National Executive of the newly formed Bharatiya Janata party. She was also elected as a member of the 8th Rajasthan Assembly from Dholpur, the same year, she was appointed as the Vice President of the Yuva Morcha, Rajasthan BJP. In March 1998, the nation elected the 12th Lok Sabha in which BJP clinched a humungous mandate of 182 seats and it was Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee who was sworn in as the Prime Minister of the nation for the tenure 1998-2004. Notably, Vasundhara Raje got an opportunity to work closely under the Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee has been described as a large influence in Raje’s life. Vasundhara also received a battery of delegations from across the world, in 1998, India became highly equipped with nuclear capabilities, thereby becoming an influential nuclear power in the World. Nonetheless, this new status was regarded contrarily by the World community, the International community imposed sanctions on India. Raje became the face of India’s Foreign policy and she engaged with various sections of the international community and succeeded in restoring confidence of global communities towards the country. The International community withdrew sanctions in no time, on 25 August 2011, Lalit Modi revealed that BJP leader Vasundhara Raje signed a document supporting Modis application to the British authorities. The application had a clause that it should not be revealed to the Indian authorities. The application was never presented to the British authorities, In her affidavit, earlier, in 2013, a Jaipur-based lawyer Poonam Chand Bhandari had filed a public interest litigation in the Delhi high court. She had claimed that Lalit Modi had transferred millions of rupees to a company owned by Vasundhara Raje and her son Dushyant Singh, niyant Heritage Hotels Private Limited is owned by Dushyant Singh, and his mother Vasundhara Raje holds 3,280 shares in the company. In 2008, Lalit Modis company Anand Heritage Hotels Private Limited provided a loan of ₹38 million to NHHPL. During 2008–09, AHHPL acquired 815 shares in NHHPL, paying ₹96,000 for each share, NHHPL, which previously had a paid up capital of ₹1 million, thus received a total of 116.3 million from AHHPL
45.
Bharatiya Janata Party
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The Bharatiya Janata Party is one of the two major political parties in India, along with the Indian National Congress. As of 2016, it is the countrys largest political party in terms of representation in the parliament and state assemblies. The BJP is a party, with close ideological and organisational links to the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. The BJPs origins lie in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee, after the State of Emergency in 1977, the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party, it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election. After three years in power, the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP. Although initially unsuccessful, winning two seats in the 1984 general election, it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement. After the 1998 general election, the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance formed a government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee for a year. Following fresh elections, the NDA government, again headed by Vajpayee, lasted for a term in office. In the 2004 general election, the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat, long time Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi led it to a landslide victory in the 2014 general election. Since that election, Modi leads the NDA government as Prime Minister and as of March 2017, the official ideology of the BJP is integral humanism, first formulated by Deendayal Upadhyaya in 1965. The party expresses a commitment to Hindutva, and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions, the BJP advocates social conservatism and a foreign policy centred on nationalist principles. Its key issues have included the abrogation of the status to Jammu and Kashmir, the building of a Ram temple in Ayodhya. However, the 1998–2004 NDA government did not pursue any of these controversial issues and it instead focused on a largely neoliberal economic policy prioritising globalisation and economic growth over social welfare. The BJPs origins lie in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, popularly known as the Jana Sangh and it was founded in collaboration with the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and was widely regarded as the political arm of the RSS. The RSS loaned several of its leading pracharaks, or full-time workers, prominent among these was Deendayal Upadhyaya, who was appointed General Secretary. The Jana Sangh won only three Lok Sabha seats in the first general elections in 1952 and it maintained a minor presence in parliament until 1967. The Jana Sanghs first major campaign, begun in early 1953, centred on a demand for the integration of Jammu. Mookerjee was arrested in May 1953 for violating orders from the state government restraining him from entering Kashmir and he died of a heart attack the following month, while still in jail
46.
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
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The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly or the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Rajasthan. The assembly meets at Vidhana Bhavan situated in Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people for a term of 5 years. Presently, the assembly consists of 200 members. The First Rajasthan Legislative Assembly was inaugurated on 31 March 1952 and it had a strength of 160 members. The strength was increased to 190 after the merger of the erstwhile Ajmer State with Rajasthan in 1956, the Second and Third Legislative Assemblies had a strength of 176. The Fourth and Fifth Legislative Assembly comprised 184 members each, the strength became 200 from the Sixth Legislative Assembly onwards. The Fourteenth Legislative Assembly was commenced on 21 January 2013, List of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Rajasthan Assembly Election 2013 News, Candidates List
47.
Unicameralism
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In government, unicameralism is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Thus, a parliament or unicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of one chamber or house. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multicameralism, many multicameral legislatures were created to give separate voices to different sectors of society. Multiple chambers allowed for guaranteed representation of different social classes, ethnic or regional interests, where these factors are unimportant, in unitary states with limited regional autonomy, unicameralism often prevails. Unicameral legislatures are also common in official Communist states such as the Peoples Republic of China, similarly, many formerly Communist states, such as Ukraine, Moldova and Serbia, have retained their unicameral legislatures, though others, such as Romania and Poland, adopted bicameral legislatures. Both the former Russian SFSR and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were bicameral, the two chambers were the Soviet of Nationalities and the Soviet of the Union. The Russian Federation retained bicameralism after the dissolution of the USSR, the principal advantage of a unicameral system is more efficient lawmaking, as the legislative process is much simpler and there is no possibility of deadlock. Proponents of unicameralism have also argued that it costs, even if the number of legislators stay the same, since there are fewer institutions to maintain. There is also the risk that important sectors of society may not be adequately represented, approximately half of the worlds sovereign states are currently unicameral, including both the most populous and the least populous. Many subnational entities have unicameral legislatures, and all of the Brazilian states. In the United Kingdom, the devolved Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, Congress of Deputies of Second Spanish Republic was unicameral between 1931 and 1936. Dissolved at the end of Spanish Civil War, the actual Spanish Parliament is bicameral, Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan was unicameral before being replaced in 2005 by the current, bicameral Supreme Assembly. National Assembly of Cameroon was unicameral before being replaced in 2013 by the current, chamber of Peoples Representative of Equatorial Guinea was unicameral before being replaced in 2013 by the current, bicameral Parliament of Equatorial Guinea. National Assembly of Kenya was the unicameral legislature before becoming the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kenya in 2013. National Assembly of Ivory Coast was the unicameral legislature before becoming the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Ivory Coast in 2016. Nebraskas state legislature is also unique in the sense that it is the state legislature that is entirely nonpartisan. In 1999, Governor Jesse Ventura proposed converting the Minnesota Legislature into a unicameral chamber. Although debated, the idea was never adopted, if those constitutional changes had been approved, Puerto Rico could have switched to a unicameral legislature as early as 2015
India
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listen); literally, "Land of Kings")[4] is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area). It is located on the northwestern side of the India, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the "Rajasthan Desert" and "Great Indian Desert") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest.
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