1.
Ralph Lauren Corporation
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Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American corporation. They are known for the clothing, marketing and distribution of premium products in four categories, apparel, home. The Companys brand names, which include Polo Ralph Lauren, Ralph Lauren Collection, Lauren Ralph Lauren, Double RL, Ralph Lauren Childrenswear, Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren, Chaps, Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American, publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City. Ralph Lauren Corporation began with the 1967 founding of the Polo Ralph Lauren company by American designer Ralph Lauren, the Ralph Lauren started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer, Beau Brummell, at that time, he persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line. Drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren names his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968 and he works out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and makes deliveries to stores himself. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer his own in-store shop. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduces a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colours, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt becomes emblematic of the preppy look--one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. In 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wear Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, the first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. are first launched at Bloomingdales. Lauren, a fragrance for women, debuts on March 12,1978, and Polo and this is the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously. The company entered the European market, and went international, in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store for an American designer New Bond Street in the West End of London, England. Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue, on June 12,1997, the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange. The 98-seat restaurant, RL, opens in March 1999 in a building adjacent to the largest Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago. It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralph’s at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polo’s flagship in New York in 2015. The company launched its web site, and online shop in 2000 as polo. com by RL Media. In 2007, Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media, on 29 September 2015, it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder, Ralph Lauren, as CEO in November
2.
The Bronx
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The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
3.
Baruch College
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Baruch is one of CUNYs senior colleges. It traces its roots back to the 1847 founding of the Free Academy, the New York State Literature Fund was created to serve students who could not afford to enroll in New York City’s private colleges. The Fund led to the creation of the Committee of the Board of Education of the City of New York, led by Townsend Harris, J. S. Bosworth, and John L. Mason, which brought about the establishment of what would become the Free Academy, the Free Academy became the College of the City of New York, now The City College of New York. In 1919, what would become Baruch College was established as City College School of Business, on December 15,1928, the cornerstone was laid on the new building which would house the newly founded school. At this point, the school did not admit women, at the time it opened it was considered the biggest such school for the teaching of business education in the United States. By the 1930s, women were allowed into the School of Business, the total enrollment at CCNY reached an all-time high of 40,000 students in 1935, and the School of Business had an enrollment of more than 1,700 students in the day session alone. In 1953, it was renamed the Baruch School of Business in honor of Bernard Baruch, in 1961, the New York State Education Law established the City University of New York system. In 1968, the Baruch School of Business was spun off as Baruch College, the first president of the new college was the previous Federal Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Robert C. In 1971, the college appointed Clyde Wingfield, a noted educator and he was succeeded by economist Joel Edwin Segall in 1977. Segall recruited several well-known faculty members to the School of Business, matthew Goldstein was president of the school from 1991 to 1998. He was responsible for raising admissions requirements and creating the School of Public Affairs in 1994, edward Regan, former comptroller of New York state, served as president from 2000 to 2004. During his tenure, test scores rose, student retention rates increased, in 2001, the Vertical Campus opened and Baruch accepted its first students from the CUNY Honors College, now known as the Macaulay Honors College. The college also implemented a common curriculum for all undergraduates. Baruch received donations from alumni, the Vertical Campus, 23rd Street building, Alumni giving has increased under Baruch Means Business, a $150 million capital campaign. In August 2009, Waldron resigned from her position to become a University Professor at the Graduate Center, stan Altman, former dean of the School of Public Affairs from 1999 to 2005, was named interim president. On February 22,2010, Dr. Mitchel Wallerstein, Dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and he took office on August 2,2010. Baruch was the scene of student protests in 2011 as a result of tuition hikes, Zicklin is also a Senior Fellow at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania
4.
Club Monaco
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Club Monaco is a mid-priced, high-end casual clothing retailer owned by Polo Ralph Lauren. Each month, Club Monaco brings in a new collection, alternating between casual styles during the spring and summer and more formal offerings during autumn and winter. Originally, the company was best known for its black and white styles, with which different colors are paired. In 1985, Canadians Joe Mimran, Saul Mimran and Alfred Sung opened the first store in Toronto on Queen Street West and this store, which still exists today, originally included a cafe below the sales floor. The first US store opened in Santa Monica in 1989, until 1999, Club Monaco was a Canadian company and was based at Avenue Road and Bloor Street West along the Mink Mile in Toronto. It is now owned and operated by Polo Ralph Lauren, which acquired Club Monaco in 1999, Polo has allowed Club Monaco to exist as an independent entity within the group and has downplayed its ownership of the brand. Recently, Club Monaco has transitioned itself into a lifestyle brand that offers affordable luxury with modern sensibility. Each store has its own concept and design as well as a mix of different products. Club Monaco also contracts with outside designers to create a line of products such as jewelry designed by Erickson Beamon. Luxottica began distributing Club Monaco prescription frames and sunglasses in its outlets in 2007. In August 2013, Club Monaco launched their first footwear line consisting of high-quality leather flats, in the same month, the brand also introduced a higher-end label simply titled Collection. The womens design team is headed by Caroline Belhumeur. The mens design team was headed by Aaron Levine until he left for Abercrombie & Fitch, Caban established itself as an innovative and unique retailer, with a distinctive product mix and presentation philosophy. Caban was an offspring of Club Monaco, and Joe Mimran, in 2000, just after the launch, Club Monaco/Caban was purchased by Ralph Lauren, and began to lose focus and Mr. Mimran was ousted. In the summer of 2006, Ralph Lauren Corp. closed all of the Caban stores to focus on the Club Monaco in the United States, the last store to close was the flagship store on Queen St. West in Toronto. Caban opened its first lifestyle concept store in Montreal in the historical landmark Laurentian Bank building located at 777 St. Catherine Street Saturday and it closed the branch in 2006, after which Banana Republic opened its flagship Quebec store. Caban website, default Globe and Mail, caban closing Montreal Caban opening
5.
Dylan Lauren
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Dylan Lauren is an American entrepreneur. She is the daughter of American fashion designer Ralph Lauren, and the owner of New York Citys Dylans Candy Bar, Dylan was born in New York City, New York, the daughter of Ricky Ann Low-Beer and Ralph Lauren. Her father was the son of Jewish Belarusarian immigrants and her mother was the daughter of a Jewish father and an Austrian Catholic mother, both immigrants from Austria. Dylan is the youngest of three children and she has two older brothers, businessman David Lauren and filmmaker Andrew Lauren. She attended the Dalton School in New York City and graduated from Duke University in 1996 and she was a member of the Beta Rho Chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta at Duke. Dylan founded Dylans Candy Bar in 2001 and she was inspired by seeing Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory on her fifth birthday. She was named one of the Top 25 Most Stylish New Yorkers by US Weekly in 2007 and her favorite designers include Ralph Lauren, Alice and Olivia, and 7 For All Mankind. In 2017, Dylan began starring as a judge on the ABC reality series The Toy Box, Lauren and longtime boyfriend hedge fund manager Paul Arrouet married in June 2011. The ceremony was held in New York City, and she wore a gown of her fathers design. On April 13,2015, Dylan and her husband welcomed fraternal twins, Cooper Blue and Kingsley Rainbow Arrouet, via surrogate
6.
David Lauren
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David Lauren is the middle child and youngest son of clothing designer Ralph Lauren. He has two siblings, Dylan and Andrew Lauren, David Lauren was born on October 11,1971, the son of Ricky Ann Low-Beer and fashion designer and executive Ralph Lauren. His father was the son of Belarus-born Jewish immigrants and his mother was the daughter of Austrian immigrants. The second of three children, David has a brother, Andrew Lauren, and a younger sister. Lauren attended Duke University, where he studied Political Science, at Duke, he founded Swing, a general interest lifestyle publication for Generation X, where he served as President and Editor-In-Chief. Swing was eventually published by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, Lauren is currently Chief Innovation Officer and Vice Chairman at Ralph Lauren Corporation, a position he has held since October 2016. In his role at Ralph Lauren Corporation, Lauren is responsible in leading efforts to create new initiatives that help drive the Ralph Lauren brand across all channels. Lauren joined Ralph Lauren Corporation in 2000 to run the companys internet operations under Ralph Lauren Media, a division he established in collaboration with NBC. David has been a force behind several groundbreaking creative partnerships and initiatives. In 2007, Lauren orchestrated a number of spanning the year in celebration of Ralph Laurens 40th anniversary. That year, David Lauren was named DNRs Marketer of the Year, in 2007, he was named DNRs Marketer of the Year. In 2009, David created the Make Your Own iPhone app for Rugby Ralph Lauren and presents the first-ever, for the first time ever, consumers are allowed to shop the looks in real time. Ralph Lauren was the first luxury company to build applications with mobile-tagging capabilities. Says Marie Driscoll of Standard & Poors Equity Research and that fall, David Lauren and his team introduced a childrenswear collection with an online shoppable storybook called The RL Gang, An Absolutely Awesome School Adventure. The new interactive retail format featuring live-action video of kids in Ralph Lauren ensembles, in April 2011, David led a series of opening events in support of the Ralph Lauren Car Exhibition – L’Arte de Automobile – at Les Artes Decoratifs in Paris. In October 2013, Ralph Lauren celebrated his underwriting of the restoration of the amphitheater of the École des Beaux-Arts—and to present his first-ever runway show in the City of Lights. On October 15,2013, David Lauren presents The Dog Walk, the event also celebrated the grand opening of the Polo flagship store on Fifth Avenue. In 2014, Forbes listed David Lauren as the second most influential CMO in the world, Lauren orchestrated the companys sponsorship of several international sporting events and teams, including Wimbledon, U. S. Open, and U. S. Olympic teams
7.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
8.
Fashion design
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Fashion design is the art of application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time, Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace. Because of the required to bring a garment onto the market. Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing and they consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a range and combinations of materials to work with. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a range of conventional styles. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring, today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear. Fashion designers may work full-time for one house, as in-house designers. They may work alone or as part of a team, freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyers label, some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients, other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends, most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of mens, womens, and childrens fashions for the mass market. Fashion designers work in different ways, some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. Finally, a garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, worths success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him, while all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 is considered as fashion design. It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments, the images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom
9.
Forbes
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Forbes is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features articles on finance, industry, investing. Forbes also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics and its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the business magazine category include Fortune and Bloomberg Businessweek. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans. Another well-known list by the magazine is The Worlds Billionaires list, the motto of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Perlis, Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine on September 15,1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise, the original name of the magazine was Forbes, Devoted to Doers and Doings. Drey became vice-president of the B. C. Forbes Publishing Company, while B. C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, B. C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes. Bruce Forbes took over on his fathers death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations, during his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazines circulation nearly doubled. On Malcolms death, his eldest son Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes Jr. became President and Chief Executive of Forbes, between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. com, a 2009 New York Times report said,40 percent of the enterprise was sold. For a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million, according to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, Its probably not worth half of that now. The companys headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City. In November 2013, Forbes Media, which publishes Forbes magazine, was put up for sale and this was encouraged by Elevation Partners, of whom were minority shareholders. Sales documents prepared by Deutsche Bank revealed that the publishers 2012 EBITDA was $15 million, Forbes reportedly sought a price of $400 million. In July 2014, Forbes sold a majority of itself to Integrated Whale Media Investments, Steve Forbes and his magazines writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group, from the 2009 Times report, Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10
10.
Ashkenazi Jews
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The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish, with Hebrew used only as a sacred language until relatively recently. Throughout their time in Europe, Ashkenazim have made important contributions to philosophy, scholarship, literature, art, music. Ashkenazim originate from the Jews who settled along the Rhine River, in Western Germany, there they became a distinct diaspora community with a unique way of life that adapted traditions from Babylon, The Land of Israel, and the Western Mediterranean to their new environment. The Ashkenazi religious rite developed in such as Mainz, Worms. The eminent French Rishon Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki would have a significant impact on the Jewish religion, in the late Middle Ages, the majority of the Ashkenazi population shifted steadily eastward, moving out of the Holy Roman Empire into the Pale of Settlement. The genocidal impact of the Holocaust devastated the Ashkenazim and their culture, immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide, genetic studies on Ashkenazim—researching both their paternal and maternal lineages—suggest a significant proportion of Middle Eastern ancestry. Ashkenazi Jews are popularly contrasted with Sephardi Jews, who are descendants of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, there are some differences in how the two groups pronounce certain Hebrew letters, and in points of ritual. The name Ashkenazi derives from the figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Khaphet, son of Noah. The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians, the intrusive n in the Biblical name is likely due to a scribal error confusing a waw ו with a nun נ. In Jeremiah 51,27, Ashkenaz figures as one of three kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni and Ararat, perhaps corresponding to Urartu, called on by God to resist Babylon. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes and his contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe. In modern times, Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical Ashkenaz with Khazaria, sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominated Sefarad, France was called Tsarefat, Rashi uses leshon Ashkenaz to describe German speech, and Byzantium and Syrian Jewish letters referred to the Crusaders as Ashkenazim. Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France and Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to both the Jews of medieval Germany and France. Outside of their origins in ancient Israel, the history of Ashkenazim is shrouded in mystery, the most well-supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration from Israel through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe
11.
Pinsk
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Pinsk is a city in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pina, at the confluence of the Strumen and Pripyat rivers. The region was known as the Marsh of Pinsk and it is a fertile agricultural center. The city is an industrial center producing boats sailing the local rivers. The historic city has a city centre full of two-story buildings dating from the 19th century. The city centre has become a place for youth of all ages with summer theme parks. Pinsk is first mentioned in the chronicles of 1097 as Pinesk, the name is derived from the river Pina. Pinsks early history is linked with the history of Turov. Until the mid-12th century Pinsk was the seat of Sviatopolks descendants, the Pinsk principality had an important strategic location, between the principalities of Navahrudak and Halych-Volynia, which fought each other for other Ruthenian territories. In 1320 Pinsk was won by the rulers of Navahrudak, who incorporated it into their state, from this time on Pinsk was ruled by Gedimins eldest son, Narymunt. Afterwards, for the two centuries the city had different rulers. From 1633 on Pinsk had a school, a so-called brotherhood school. Eight years later the town was burned by the Russians, Charles XII took it in 1706, and burned the town with its suburbs. In spite of all the wars the city recovered and the town developed with the existence of a workshop in Pinsk from 1729 to 1744. Pinsk fell to the Russian Empire in 1793 in the Second Partition of Poland and it was an uyezd center in Minsk Governorate except brief occupation by Napoleon in 1812. It was occupied by the German Empire on 15 September 1915 during the First World War, after the German defeat, Pinsk was left to the Ukrainian Peoples Republic. It was occupied by the Red Army on 25 January 1919, however, it was occupied by Polish troops on 5 March 1919 during the Polish–Soviet War. It was regained by the Red Army on 23 July 1920 and this event created a diplomatic incident that was noted at the Versailles Conference. It was initially the center of Polesie Voivodeship, the center was moved to Brzecs after a fire in 7 September 1921
12.
DeWitt Clinton High School
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DeWitt Clinton High School is a public high school located in New York City. Opened in 1897 and all boys at first, it became co-ed in 1983. From its original building on West 13th Street in Manhattan, it moved in 1906 to its home on 59th Street and Tenth Avenue. After more than a century in existence and a raft of famous alumni, DeWitt Clinton High School has recently faced serious problems involving student performance and security. Clinton opened in 1897 at 60 West 13th Street at the end of Greenwich Village under the name of Boys High School. This school was renamed for New York politician DeWitt Clinton in 1900, the schools H-shaped building, designed by Charles B. J. Snyder, was said to be the biggest high school building in the United States at the time. After the school moved to the Bronx it became Haaren High School and it is now Haaren Hall on the campus of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Until a high school became compulsory in the early 1930s, Clinton, like all other public schools in the city, had a Classics Department. Perhaps its most famous teacher was history teacher Dr. Irwin Guernsey and he came to Clinton in the fall of 1914 and retired in the spring of 1959, due to illness. A cripple with two Irish canes, he taught from the chair and won twice in his lifetime the title of Master Teacher in New York City and he was also head of the Honors Association, Arista. The school moved to a new building on a 21-acre campus at 100 West Mosholu Parkway South and East 205th Street in the Bedford Park section of the Bronx in 1929, where it has remained. Paul Avenue, which runs to the side of the school from Mosholu Parkway to Lehman College, is named after a DeWitt Clinton High School principal and it was under this principal that the school moved to its current location in the Bronx. In the 1930s its enrollment peaked at 12,000 and it was said to be the largest high school in the world, enrollment by 1999 was about 4,000. It remained the last gender-segregated public school in New York City until 1983, in 1996, Clinton was selected by Redbook magazine as one of the five most improved schools in America. In 1999, US News and World Report designated Clinton as one of 96 outstanding schools in America, in 1999, Geraldine Ambrosio became the first woman to hold the principals post at the school. The school receives government aid because of the low status of its students. As of 2006, the school has a large Hispanic population, caucasians, primarily Albanians, comprise a tiny minority. Recently, DeWitt Clinton High School has received poor evaluations from the New York City Department of Education, in the latest Progress Report the school received a grade of F with the worst marks in school environment and closing the achievement gap
13.
City University of New York
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The City University of New York is the public university system of New York City, and the largest urban university in the United States. CUNY and the State University of New York are separate and independent university systems, CUNY, however, is additionally funded by the City of New York. CUNY is the third-largest university system in the United States, in terms of enrollment, behind the State University of New York, and the California State University system. More than 270, 000-degree-credit students and 273,000 continuing, the university has one of the most diverse student bodies in the United States, with students hailing from 208 countries. The black, white and Hispanic undergraduate populations each comprise more than a quarter of the student body, fifty-eight percent are female, and 28 percent are 25 or older. The following table is sortable, click on a heading to re-sort the table by values of that column. Rosenthal, philosopher Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr, by 1979, the Board of Higher Education had become the Board of Trustees of the CUNY. The Free Academy later became the City College of New York, the Female Normal and High School – Founded in 1870, and later renamed the Normal College. It would be renamed again in 1914 to Hunter College, during the early 20th century, Hunter College expanded into the Bronx, with what became Herbert Lehman College. Brooklyn College – Founded in 1930, Queens College – Founded in 1937. CUNY has served a student body, especially those excluded from or unable to afford private universities. Its four-year colleges offered a high quality, tuition-free education to the poor, the working class, during the post-World War I era, when some Ivy League universities, such as Yale University, discriminated against Jews, many Jewish academics and intellectuals studied and taught at CUNY. The City College of New York developed a reputation of being the Harvard of the proletariat, most of these limited matriculation students enrolled in the Evening Session, and paid tuition. Demand in the United States for higher education rapidly grew after World War II, community colleges would have drawn from the same city coffers that were funding the senior colleges, and city higher education officials were of the view that the state should finance them. It wasnt until 1955, under an arrangement with New York State. Unlike the day college students attending the citys public baccalaureate colleges for free, community college students paid tuition fees for approximately 10 years. Over time, tuition fees for limited-matriculated students became an important source of system revenues. In fall 1957, for example, nearly 36,000 attended Hunter, Brooklyn, Queens and City Colleges for free, but another 24,000 paid tuition fees of up to $300 a year – the equivalent of $2,413 in 2011
14.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
15.
Brooks Brothers
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Brooks Brothers is the oldest mens clothier in the United States and is headquartered on Madison Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1818 as a business, the privately owned company is owned by the Italian billionaire Claudio Del Vecchio. On April 7,1818, at the age of forty-five, Henry Sands Brooks opened H. & D. H. Brooks & Co. on the northeast corner of Catherine and Cherry streets in Manhattan. He proclaimed that his principle was, To make and deal only in merchandise of the finest body, to sell it at a fair profit. In 1833, his four sons, Elisha, Daniel, Edward, in its early history, Brooks Brothers was known for introducing the ready-to-wear suit to American customers. In the mid-nineteenth century, Brooks Brothers outfitted United States President Abraham Lincoln, at his second inauguration, Abraham Lincoln wore a coat specially crafted for him by Brooks Brothers. Hand-stitched into the lining was a design featuring an eagle. He was wearing the coat and a Brooks Brothers suit when he was assassinated, Brooks Brothers also profited from slavery by manufacturing and selling clothes made specifically for slaves to wear. As a supplier of uniforms during the Civil War, Brooks Brothers became a target of outrage for its allegedly shoddy production. With a contract from New York state to supply uniforms for the New York Volunteers, Brooks Brothers took shredded and sometimes decaying rags, glued them together and they would fall apart in the rain and were the subject of ridicule from other regiments. Brooks Brothers has outfitted 40 of the 45 American Presidents, United States President Ulysses S. Grant began his association with Brooks Brothers during the Civil War, when he ordered tailored uniforms for the Union officers in the American Civil War. President Theodore Roosevelt was fond of Brooks Brothers clothes, he ordered his dress uniform for the Spanish–American War at Brooks Brothers. Franklin Roosevelt wore a Brooks Brothers collared cape and fedora at the Yalta Conference in 1945, the Golden Fleece symbol was adopted as the companys trademark in 1850. A sheep suspended in a ribbon had long been a symbol of British woolen merchants, dating from the fifteenth century, the image had been the emblem of the Knights of the Golden Fleece, founded by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. In Classical Greek mythology, a magical flying ram, or Golden Fleece, was sought by Jason and the Argonauts. The last member of the Brooks family to head the company was Winthrop Holly Brooks, who ran the company from 1935 until its sale in 1946, when the company was acquired by Julius Garfinckel & Co. Although Winthrop Brooks remained with the company as a figurehead, after the acquisition, just prior to that, Wood had been the carrier of the papers for the Dumbarton Oaks Conference. Under the leadership of Wood, Brooks Brothers became even more traditional, Brooks Brothers was acquired by the British firm, Marks & Spencer, in 1988
16.
Manhattan
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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city
17.
Gertrude Rhinelander Waldo House
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The Gertrude Rhinelander Waldo House is a French Renaissance revival mansion located at 867 Madison Avenue on the corner of East 72nd Street in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Gertrude Rhinelander Waldo, the New York heiress who commissioned the mansion, the mansion was modeled on the chateaux of the Loire Valley in France. Architecture critic Henry Hope Reed Jr. has observed about it, the roof-line is very fine. The Gothic is found in the high-pitched roof of slate, the high, ornate dormers and the tall chimneys. In fact, although the dormers are ebullient, ornamentation is everywhere, the first floor was a large center hall with rooms on each side for reception and servants activities. The second floor housed the main salon, the dining room, the third floor was where the master bedroom was located while the fourth floor housed the servants quarters and guest bedrooms. Although the house had been commissioned by Gertrude Rhinelander Waldo, the eccentric heiress never moved into it, the building remained vacant until 1921, at which time the first floor was converted into stores and two apartments were carved out of the upper four floors. Commercial enterprises which have used the location at various times include a store, Christies auction house. It would remain his home for over 15 years, the building was owned by the 867 Madison Corporation in the 1950s, which offered it to de Evia for sale or net lease in 1956. At that time he created Denvia Realty Corporation with his partner Denning and they entered into a net lease. The fifth and top floor contained the bedroom which had a bathroom at either end. Offices on the floor were rented to the interior decorators Tate and Hall. The shops on the street included the Pharmacy on the corner. After meeting Vincent Fourcade in 1959 Denning started to entertain prospective decorating clients in the apartment while de Evia was at his Greenwich and these included Ogden and Lillian Phipps and led to the forming of Denning & Fourcade. By 1963 de Evia took the floor and converted it into his own residence. The 10 rooms on the floor were at this time rented to the restaurateur Larry Ellman. During the Denvia net lease the building was sold by the 867 Madison Avenue Corporation to Central Ison, from 1967 until the early 1980s a nearby church used the top two floors for their offices. Ralph Lauren obtained the net lease in 1983 and started an overhaul of the building to create his Polo Ralph Lauren flagship store. Naomi Leff supervised the rehabilitation of the building and it took around 18 months working in the final months around the clock
18.
Madison Avenue
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Madison Avenue is a north-south avenue in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, United States, that carries northbound one-way traffic. It runs from Madison Square to meet the southbound Harlem River Drive at 142nd Street, in doing so, it passes through Midtown, the Upper East Side, East Harlem, and Harlem. It is named after and arises from Madison Square, which is named after James Madison. Ruggles who had purchased and developed New Yorks Gramercy Park in 1831, who was in part responsible for the development of Union Square. Since the 1920s, the name has been metonymous with the American advertising industry. Therefore, the term Madison Avenue refers specifically to the agencies, Madison Avenue techniques refers, according to William Safire, to the gimmicky, slick use of the communications media to play on emotions. Between East 135th Street and East 142nd Street, Madison Avenue carries southbound traffic only, the term Madison Avenue is often used metonymically for advertising, and Madison Avenue became identified with the American advertising industry after the explosive growth in this area in the 1920s. In recent decades, many agencies have left Madison Avenue, with some moving further downtown and others moving west. The continued presence of large agencies in the city makes New York the third largest job market per capita in the U. S. in 2016 according to a study by marketing recruitment firm MarketPro. Today, only a few agencies are located in the old business cluster on Madison Avenue, including StrawberryFrog, TBWA Worldwide. However, the term is used to describe the agency business as a whole and large. Madison Square is formed by the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street, the square was named for James Madison, fourth President of the United States. The focus of the square is Madison Square Park, a 6, the first Garden was a former rail station that was converted into an open-air circus venue by P. T. Barnum in 1871 and was renamed Madison Square Garden in 1879. The original Garden was demolished in 1889 and replaced by a new arena designed by Stanford White that opened the following year. The second Garden had a statue of the Roman goddess Diana on the tower of the sports arena. When it moved to a new building at 50th Street and Eighth Avenue in 1925 it kept its old name, Madison Square Garden is now located at Eighth Avenue between 31st and 33rd Street, however, it still retains the name. These buses use a bus lane between 42nd and 59th Street, but the bus lane is not present in any other portion of the avenue. In July 1987, then New York City Mayor Edward Koch proposed banning bicycling on Fifth, Park and Madison Avenues during weekdays, but many bicyclists protested and had the ban overturned
19.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
20.
Beverly Hills, California
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Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
21.
Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont and his greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simons Barefoot in the Park. Redford made his debut in War Hunt. His role in Inside Daisy Clover won him a Golden Globe for best new star and he starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which was a huge success and made him a major star. The popular and acclaimed All the Presidents Men was a film for Redford. The first film that Redford directed, Ordinary People, was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Oscars, and in the same year, he starred in Brubaker. He starred in Out of Africa, which was a critical and box office success. He released his film as a director, A River Runs Through It. Redford won the 1980 Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People and he was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting, and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show. He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002, in 2010, he was made a chevalier of the Légion dHonneur. He has won BAFTA, Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe, in April 2014, Time Magazine included Redford in their annual TIME100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World, declaring him the Godfather of Indie Film. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Redford was born on August 18,1936, in Santa Monica, California to Martha W. and Charles Robert Redford, Sr. a milkman-turned-accountant. He has a stepbrother, William, from his fathers remarriage, Redford is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Redfords family moved to Van Nuys, California, while his father worked in El Segundo and he attended Van Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball pitcher Don Drysdale. He has described himself as having been a bad student, finding inspiration outside the classroom and he hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to warm him up. After graduating from school in 1954, he attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and a half. While there, he worked at the restaurant/bar The Sink, a painting of his likeness is prominent in the bars murals, while at Colorado, Redford began drinking heavily, and as a result lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school
22.
Diane Keaton
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Diane Keaton is an American film actress, director and producer. She began her career on stage and made her debut in 1970. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper and Love and Death, established her as a comic actor and her fourth, Annie Hall, won her the Academy Award for Best Actress. Keaton subsequently expanded her range to avoid becoming typecast as her Annie Hall persona and she became an accomplished dramatic performer, starring in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and received Academy Award nominations for Reds, Marvins Room and Somethings Gotta Give. Some of her later films include Baby Boom, Father of the Bride, The First Wives Club. Keatons films have earned a gross of over US$1.1 billion in North America. In addition to acting, she is also a photographer, real estate developer, author, Diane Keaton was born as Diane Hall on January 5,1946, in Los Angeles, California. Her mother, Dorothy Deanne, was a homemaker and amateur photographer, her father, John Newton Ignatius Jack Hall, was a real estate broker, Keaton was raised a Free Methodist by her mother. Her mother won the Mrs. Los Angeles pageant for homemakers, Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event inspired her first impulse to be an actress, and led to her wanting to work on stage. She has also credited Katharine Hepburn, whom she admires for playing strong and independent women, Keaton is a 1964 graduate of Santa Ana High School in Santa Ana, California. During her time there, she participated in singing and acting clubs at school, after graduation, she attended Santa Ana College, and later Orange Coast College as an acting student, but dropped out after a year to pursue an entertainment career in Manhattan. Upon joining the Actors Equity Association, she changed her surname to Keaton, her mothers maiden name, for a brief time, she also moonlighted at nightclubs with a singing act. She would later revisit her nightclub act in Annie Hall and And So It Goes, Keaton began studying acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City. She has described her acting technique as, only as good as the person youre acting with, as opposed to going it on my own and forging my path to create a wonderful performance without the help of anyone. I always need the help of everyone, according to Jack Nicholson, She approaches a script sort of like a play in that she has the entire script memorized before you start doing the movie, which I dont know any other actors doing that. In 1968, Keaton became a member of the Tribe and understudy to Sheila in the original Broadway production of Hair. She gained some notoriety for her refusal to disrobe at the end of Act I when the cast performs nude, after acting in Hair for nine months, she auditioned for a part in Woody Allens production of Play It Again, Sam. After nearly being passed over for being too tall, she won the part, after being nominated for a Tony Award for Play It Again, Sam, Keaton made her film debut in Lovers and Other Strangers
23.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
24.
Annie Hall
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Annie Hall is a 1977 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a screenplay he co-wrote with Marshall Brickman. Produced by Allens manager, Charles H, principal photography for the film began on May 19,1976 on the South Fork of Long Island, and filming continued periodically for the next ten months. Annie Hall was screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival in March 1977, the film received widespread critical acclaim, and along with winning the Academy Award for Best Picture, it received Oscars in three other categories, two for Allen, and Keaton for Best Actress. The film additionally won four BAFTA awards and a Golden Globe and its North American box office receipts of $38,251,425 are fourth-best of Allens works when not adjusted for inflation. Film critic Roger Ebert called it just about everyones favorite Woody Allen movie, the films screenplay was also named the funniest ever written by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays. The comedian Alvy Singer is trying to understand why his relationship with Annie Hall ended a year ago, growing up in New York, he vexed his mother with impossible questions about the emptiness of existence, but he was precocious about his innocent sexual curiosity. That night, Annie shows no interest in sex with Alvy, instead, they discuss his first wife, whose ardor gave him no pleasure. His second marriage was to a New York writer who didnt like sports and was unable to reach orgasm, the two of them have fun making a meal of boiled lobster together. He teases her about the men in her past. He met her playing tennis doubles with friends, following the game, awkward small talk led her to offer him first a ride up town and then a glass of wine on her balcony. There, what seemed a mild exchange of personal data is revealed in mental subtitles as an escalating flirtation. Their first date follows Annies singing audition for a night club and he suggests they kiss first, to get it out of the way. After their lovemaking that night, Alvy is a wreck, while she relaxes with a joint, soon Annie admits she loves him, while he buys her books on death and says that his feelings for her are more than just love. When she moves in with him, things become very tense, eventually, he finds her arm in arm with one of her college professors and the two begin to argue whether this is the flexibility they had discussed. Alvy returns to dating, but the effort is marred by neurosis, bad sex, and finally an interruption from Annie and it turns out she needs him to kill a spider. A reconciliation follows, coupled with a vow to stay together come what may, however, their separate discussions with their therapists make it evident there is an unspoken divide. When Alvy accepts an offer to present an award on television, they fly out to Los Angeles, with Alvys friend, however, on the return trip, they agree that their relationship is not working. After losing her to her producer, Tony Lacey, he unsuccessfully tries rekindling the flame with a marriage proposal
25.
Bloomingdale's
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Bloomingdales is a luxury department store owned by Macys, Inc. Brothers Joseph and Lyman G. Bloomingdale founded Bloomingdales in 1861, the pair were sons of Benjamin Bloomingdale, a Bavarian-born salesman who had lived in North Carolina and Kansas, and settled in New York City. In 1872, the Bloomingdale brothers opened their first store at 938 Third Avenue, at the time the East Side was a working class neighborhood with shanty towns, garbage dumps, and stockyards. Most of their customers and competitors were in the Upper West Side, within a few years after opening the store, the Metropolitan Museum of Art opened, the new St. These additions brought to the East Side wealthy customers, who built brownstones that surrounded the new park, the store moved in 1886 to its current location on 59th Street and Lexington Avenue. It was designed with large glass display windows and large merchandising areas. Many of these products were European imports, by the start of the 20th century, Bloomingdales growth had greatly increased, facilitated by its convenient location at a hub of New York Citys horse-drawn trolley system. Offerings at the time included ladies stockings at 10¢ a pair, $10 mens wool suits, the slogan appeared on billboards and on 5,000 free beach umbrellas which were offered to street vendors and delivery cart drivers. The popular upper class shopping area moved downtown along Sixth Avenue to between 14th and 23rd Streets, in 1913, the 59th Street Station of the Lexington Avenue subway was constructed in Bloomingdales basement, further reinforcing the All Cars Transfer to Bloomingdales slogan, and business recovered. By the 1920s, the covered the whole city block. In 1930, Bloomingdales moved to a new location off of Lexington, the building, which had grown to encompass the entire block, had an eleven-story addition and was completely redesigned by architects Starrett & van Vleck in the Art Deco style. In 1949, Bloomingdales opened its first branch store in Fresh Meadows, subsequently, Bloomingdales built a full line store in White Plains combining its Eastchester and New Rochelle stores. The same year Bloomingdales joined Federated Department Stores, now Macys, in 1961, all over in the US the company started using designer shopping bags to promote its Esprit de France exhibit. The design, by artist Jonah Kinigstein, was based on French tarot cards in dramatic shades of red, black, in 1973, the iconic Brown Bag appeared. These were designed by Massimo Vignelli, who designed the current store typeface. Fashion designer Michaele Vollbracht designed one of the shopping bags in red, black, and white of a formally dressed man on one side. Other artists who have designed shopping bags were fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez, in 1969, Bloomingdales two branch stores opened in Garden City, New York on Long Island, and Jenkintown, Pennsylvania. Bloomingdales opened home furnishing stores on the East Coast using products from the home furnishings department
26.
Bond Street
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Bond Street is a major shopping street in the West End of London. The southern section is Old Bond Street and the northern section New Bond Street—a distinction not generally made in everyday usage. The street was built on fields surrounding Clarendon House on Piccadilly and it was built up in the 1720s, and by the end of the 18th century was a popular place for the upper-class residents of Mayfair to socialise. It is one of the most expensive and sought after strips of real estate in Europe, Bond Street is the only street that runs between Oxford Street and Piccadilly. Old Bond Street is at the end between Piccadilly and Burlington Gardens. The northern section, New Bond Street, extends as far as Oxford Street, the entire street is around 0.5 miles long. Many of the shop frontages are less than 20 feet wide, the nearest tube stations are Green Park in Piccadilly, and Bond Street station in Oxford Street. Despite its name, Bond Street station does not directly connect to either New or Old Bond Street, No buses use the street, although the C2 service crosses New Bond Street. Part of New Bond Street is numbered B406 but the remainder, New Bond Street is pedestrianised between Grafton Street and Clifford Street to prevent through traffic and to stop the road being used as a rat run. There is evidence of Roman settlement around what is now Bond Street, in 1894, a culvert made from brick and stone was discovered in the area. At that time, the house backed onto open fields, known as Albemarle Ground, New Bond Street was laid out during a second phase of construction 14 years after Bonds syndicate began developing the area. Most of the building along the street occurred in the 1720s, john Rocques map of London, published in 1746, shows properties along the entire length of Bond Street, including the fully constructed side streets. The two parts of the street have always had separate names, and a plan by the council to merge the two into a singular Bond Street in the 1920s was rejected by locals. During the 18th century, the street began to be popular with the bourgeoisie living around Mayfair, shop owners let out their upper storeys for residential purposes, attracting lodgers such as Jonathan Swift, George Selwyn, William Pitt the Elder and Laurence Stern. In 1784, Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, an active socialite and this had caused him to lose his seat in parliament, leading to the dissolution of the Fox–North Coalition. She insisted people should look for nearer shopping streets, and encouraged people to go to Bond Street, consequently, the street became a retail area for people living in Mayfair. By the end of the century, a social group known as the Bond Street Loungers had appeared, wearing expensive wigs and parading up. Lord Nelson stayed at temporary lodgings in New Bond Street between 1797–8, and again in 1811–13, Thomas Pitt, 2nd Baron Camelford lived in Bond Street and was unhappy about the presence of the Bond Street Loungers
27.
West End of London
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Use of the term began in the early 19th century to describe fashionable areas to the west of Charing Cross. The West End covers much of the boroughs of Westminster and Camden, while the City of London, or the Square Mile, is the main business and financial district in London, the West End is the main commercial and entertainment centre of the city. It is one of the most expensive locations in the world in which to rent office space and it was also close to the royal seat of power at Westminster, and is largely contained within the City of Westminster. Developed in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, it was built as a series of palaces, expensive town houses, fashionable shops. The areas closest to the City around Holborn, Seven Dials, as the West End is a term used colloquially by Londoners and is not an official geographical or municipal definition, its exact constituent parts are up for debate. The Edgware Road to the north-west and the Victoria Embankment to the south-east were also covered by the document but were treated as adjacent areas to the West End. According to Ed Glinerts West End Chronicles the districts falling within the West End are Mayfair, Soho, Covent Garden, Fitzrovia, one of the local government wards within the City of Westminster is called West End. This covers a area that defined by Glinert, Mayfair, Soho. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 10,575, the New West End Company is a business improvement district and runs services including street cleaning and security on Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street. NWEC also runs the Red Caps service, the West End is laid out with many notable public squares and circuses, the latter being the original name for roundabouts in London. London West End Things to do General overview of what to do in the West End
28.
Magnificent Mile
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The Magnificent Mile, sometimes referred to as The Mag Mile, is an upscale section of Chicagos Michigan Avenue, running from the Chicago River to Oak Street in the Near North Side. The district is located adjacent to downtown, and one block east of Rush Street, the Magnificent Mile serves as the main thoroughfare between Chicagos Loop business district and its Gold Coast. It is generally the boundary of the Streeterville neighborhood, to its east. Real estate developer Arthur Rubloff of Rubloff Company gave the district its nickname in the 1940s, to date, rent on The Magnificent Mile is the eighth most expensive in the country, behind Fifth Avenue in New York and Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills. Several of the tallest buildings in the United States, such as the John Hancock Center, landmarks along the Magnificent Mile include Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower, the Chicago Water Tower, and the Allerton Hotel. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, State Street in the downtown Loop, the convenience of mass transit including streetcars and elevated trains, supported a retail corridor along State Street from Lake Street to Van Buren Street. By the 1920s, commuter suburbs began to have significant retail districts, prior to the bascule bridge construction, swing bridges across the river were open for ship traffic during half the daylight hours. The Rush Street Bridge was the bridge for this area. The opening of the Michigan Avenue Bridge in 1920 created a new commercial district, the concept for the Magnificent Mile was part of the 1909 Burnham Plan of Chicago. It was constructed during the 1920s to replace Pine Street, which had been lined with factories and warehouses near the river, the earliest building constructions varied in style, but challenged new heights in construction. The name the Magnificent Mile is a trademark of the Greater North Michigan Avenue Association. Soon the property values driven by the shopping districts were pricing out the nearby artists of Tower Town. Rubloff and Zeckendorf successfully developed and promoted the area until it became one of the most prestigious addresses of the city and that distinction holds today, and spurred new investment along the Magnificent Mile and throughout the Near North Side. After 1950, suburban development reduced the Loops daily significance to many Chicagoans as downtown retail sales slipped, however, the Magnificent Mile kept a luxury shopping district close to the central business district. The opening of the 74-story Water Tower Place in 1975 marked the return of Chicago to retailing prominence, by 1979, the State Street commercial corridor had lost its commercial vitality and was closed to street traffic for renovation including sidewalk widening until 1996. The area also has a concentration of the citys major media firms, such as the Chicago Tribune newspaper. The American Planning Association selected The Magnificent Mile as one of the 10 Great Streets for 2007 through its Great Places in America program, in recent years, The Magnificent Mile has added trees and flower-filled medians to reflect the changing seasons. The Magnificent Mile is also notable for its three shopping centers, Water Tower Place, The Shops at North Bridge, and 900 North Michigan Shops
29.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
30.
New York Stock Exchange
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The New York Stock Exchange, is an American stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street, Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. It is by far the worlds largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its companies at US$19.3 trillion as of June 2016. The average daily trading value was approximately US$169 billion in 2013, the NYSE trading floor is located at 11 Wall Street and is composed of 21 rooms used for the facilitation of trading. A fifth trading room, located at 30 Broad Street, was closed in February 2007, the main building and the 11 Wall Street building were designated National Historic Landmarks in 1978. The NYSE is owned by Intercontinental Exchange, an American holding company that it also lists, previously, it was part of NYSE Euronext, which was formed by the NYSEs 2007 merger with Euronext. NYSE and Euronext now operate as divisions of Intercontinental Exchange, the NYSE has been the subject of several lawsuits regarding fraud or breach of duty and in 2004 was sued by its former CEO for breach of contract and defamation. The earliest recorded organization of securities trading in New York among brokers directly dealing with each other can be traced to the Buttonwood Agreement, previously securities exchange had been intermediated by the auctioneers who also conducted more mundane auctions of commodities such as wheat and tobacco. In 1817 the stockbrokers of New York operating under the Buttonwood Agreement instituted new reforms, after sending a delegation to Philadelphia to observe the organization of their board of brokers, restrictions on manipulative trading were adopted as well as formal organs of governance. Several locations were used between 1817 and 1865, when the present location was adopted, the invention of the electrical telegraph consolidated markets, and New Yorks market rose to dominance over Philadelphia after weathering some market panics better than other alternatives. The Civil War greatly stimulated speculative securities trading in New York, by 1869 membership had to be capped, and has been sporadically increased since. The latter half of the century saw rapid growth in securities trading. Securities trade in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was prone to panics. The Stock Exchange Luncheon Club was situated on the floor from 1898 until its closure in 2006. The main building, located at 18 Broad Street, between the corners of Wall Street and Exchange Place, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978, as was the 11 Wall Street building. The NYSE announced its plans to merge with Archipelago on April 21,2005, NYSEs governing board voted to merge with rival Archipelago on December 6,2005, and became a for-profit, public company. It began trading under the name NYSE Group on March 8,2006, Wall Street is the leading US money center for international financial activities and the foremost US location for the conduct of wholesale financial services. It comprises a matrix of wholesale financial sectors, financial markets, financial institutions, the principal sectors are securities industry, commercial banking, asset management, and insurance. Prior to the acquisition of NYSE Euronext by the ICE in 2013, Marsh Carter was the Chairman of the NYSE, presently, the chairman is Jeffrey Sprecher
31.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
32.
GQ
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GQ is an international monthly mens magazine based in New York City. The publication focuses on fashion, style, and culture for men, though articles on food, movies, fitness, sex, music, travel, sports, technology, Gentlemens Quarterly was launched in 1931 in the United States as Apparel Arts. It was a fashion magazine for the clothing trade, aimed primarily at wholesale buyers. Initially it had a limited print run and was aimed solely at industry insiders to enable them to give advice to their customers. The popularity of the magazine among retail customers, who took the magazine from the retailers. Apparel Arts continued until 1957, when it was transformed into a magazine for men. Apparel was dropped from the logo in 1958 with the issue after nine issues. Gentlemans Quarterly was re-branded as GQ in 1967, the rate of publication was increased from quarterly to monthly in 1970. Subsequently, international editions were launched as regional adaptations of the U. S. editorial formula, jim Nelson was named editor-in-chief of GQ in February 2003, during his tenure he worked as both a writer and an editor of several National Magazine Award-nominated pieces. During Nelsons tenure, GQ has become more oriented towards younger readers, nonnie Moore was hired by GQ as fashion editor in 1984, having served in the same position at Mademoiselle and Harpers Bazaar. GQ has been associated with metro-sexuality. They filled their magazines with images of young men sporting fashionable clothes and accessories. And they persuaded other young men to them with a mixture of envy. The magazine has expanded its coverage beyond lifestyle issues, for example, in 2003, Award winning journalist Sabrina Rubin Erdely wrote an 8-page feature story in GQ on famous con man Steve Comisar. GQ first named their Men of the Year in 1996, featuring the recipients in a special issue of the magazine. British GQ launched their annual Men of the Year awards in 2009, spanish GQ launched their Men of the Year awards in 2011 and GQ Australia launched theirs in 2007. Beginning in the 1990s, the magazine pivoted from a pattern of men-only on the cover to introducing including some female actors, models. While the men on the covers remained clothed, the photographs of women were mostly less than fully clothed
33.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
34.
Vogue (magazine)
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Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
35.
Lauren Bush
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Lauren Pierce Bush Lauren is the CEO and Co-Founder of FEED Projects. She is also known for her previous career as a fashion model and she is a daughter of Neil Bush and Sharon Bush, granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush and niece of former President George W. Bush. Bush was born in Denver, Colorado, and raised in Houston and she attended high school at Kinkaid School in Houston, Texas, as did her sister Ashley and brother Pierce. In her senior year at Kinkaid, she interned for the NBC television show Friends and she was a debutante, making her formal debut in a Dior haute couture gown at le Bal des débutantes in Paris, France in 2000. She studied fashion design at BEBE and Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design and graduated from Princeton University in 2006 with a B. A. in Anthropology and she was a member of The Ivy Club, one of Princetons eleven eating clubs. Standing 5 feet 6 inches, Bush was signed with Elite Model Management before launching FEED and she has been featured on the covers of Vogue and Vanity Fair and has frequently modeled for Tommy Hilfiger, as well as for Abercrombie & Fitch and designers Gai Mattiolo and Isaac Mizrahi. Bush was an intern on the television sitcom Friends, making a cameo in one episode, in 2005, Bush traveled to Chad as a Student Ambassador for the World Food Program. In 2007, Lauren Bush Lauren launched FEED Projects, a business to fight world hunger on behalf of the UN World Food Programme. Bush relaunched her fashion label on September 11,2008, under the name Lauren Pierce. About her decision to use her name, Pierce, as opposed to her last name for the title of her line. Further pressed, Bush said, Obviously my last name is associated with politics, but Pierce is my grandmothers maiden name and my younger brothers name. Its not about downplaying my last name as much as it is about loving Pierce, and my brother is very flattered. Former President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush were in the front row at the Lauren Pierce Spring 2011 show during the inaugural Houston Fashion Week, FEED Projects has donated over 87 million meals to date through the sale of products and fundraising activations. In 2014, Lauren led FEED in launching FEED Supper, a 30-day fundraising activation, in 2012, Lauren was announced as the first National Lady Godiva Honoree of the Lady Godiva Program. For her work with FEED, Lauren was named one of Fortune’s Most Powerful Women Entrepreneurs in 2009, in 2014, Lauren was named as one of Forbes’30 Under 30 Social Entrepreneurs and one of Crain’s 40 Under 40. Lauren has been a vegetarian since she was four years old and she began dating David Lauren, son of fashion designer Ralph Lauren, in 2004. On September 4,2011, she and Lauren married in Colorado and their son, James Richard Lauren, was born November 21,2015. dailymail. co. uk/femail/article-2041144/Newlywed-Lauren-Bush-Lauren--hyphen--signs-new-name. html
36.
George H. W. Bush
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George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and he is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Prior to his sons presidency, he was referred to as George Bush or President Bush. Bush was born in Milton, Massachusetts, to Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Bush postponed his university studies, enlisted in the U. S. Navy on his 18th birthday and he served until the end of the war, then attended Yale University. Graduating in 1948, he moved his family to West Texas and entered the oil business, Bush became involved in politics soon after founding his own oil company, serving as a member of the House of Representatives and Director of Central Intelligence, among other positions. He failed to win the Republican nomination for President in 1980, but was chosen as a mate by party nominee Ronald Reagan. During his tenure, Bush headed administration task forces on deregulation, in 1988, Bush ran a successful campaign to succeed Reagan as President, defeating Democratic opponent Michael Dukakis. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency, military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf, the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later. Domestically, Bush reneged on a 1988 campaign promise and, after a struggle with Congress and his presidential library was dedicated in 1997, and he has been active—often alongside Bill Clinton—in various humanitarian activities. Besides being the 43rd president, his son George also served as the 46th Governor of Texas and is one of only two other being John Quincy Adams—to be the son of a former president. His second son, Jeb Bush, served as the 43rd Governor of Florida, George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, on June 12,1924, to Prescott Sheldon Bush and Dorothy Bush. The Bush family moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut, shortly after his birth, growing up, his nickname was Poppy. Bush began his education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Bush decided to join the US, Navy, so after graduating from Phillips Academy in 1942, he became a naval aviator at the age of 18. He was assigned to Torpedo Squadron as the officer in September 1943. The following year, his squadron was based on USS San Jacinto as a member of Air Group 51, during this time, the task force was victorious in one of the largest air battles of World War II, the Battle of the Philippine Sea. After Bushs promotion to Lieutenant on August 1,1944, San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands, Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichijima
37.
Dylan's Candy Bar
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It is owned by Dylan Lauren, daughter of fashion designer, Ralph Lauren. Lauren was inspired to create the store, which is asserted to be the largest unique candy store in the world, Lauren said that her goal was to merge fashion, art and pop candy culture. It stocks 7,000 candies from around the world, Dylans Candy Bar has also partnered with Holt Renfrew in Vancouver, British Columbia in a co-branding effort. The New York City store, located on 60th Street and 3rd Avenue, is the flagship store and it has become a location for several television shows and movies based in New York. Founder Dylan Lauren was featured on the cover of the May 2011 Forbes magazine for inheriting her fathers entrepreneurial genes, in October 2011 Dylans Candy Bar celebrated its 10th anniversary. Dylan’s Candy Bar was featured in Hitch, a 2005 romantic comedy starring Will Smith, Eva Mendes, in the movie Arthur, Arthur gets a job at the store to prove to his mother he can be an adult on his own. After being hired by the manager, he holds three positions, cashier, stock, and sales floor and he buys his way into a gummy bear costume from Scott Adsit’s character. This job ends in Arthur falling down the stairs and being fired from the short-lived job and they were rudely interrupted by preteen Gossip Girl followers trying to pin an affair on Dan and make for an escape out of the store. Season 3, Episode 7, How to Succeed in Bassness Rufus Humphrey is prepared for trick-or-treaters with his Dylan’s Candy Bar bag at his wife’s Lily Upper East Side apartment. Season 10, Episode 2, Candy Couture, Designers compete in a challenge where designs are constructed of only products purchased from Dylans Candy Bar. Each designer was given $250 to purchase products, but all products were 50% off, season 2, Episode 2, Candy, Crash and Crisis, the New York candy store orders a cake adorned with its products. It was also in its show, Next Great Baker where the season 4 contestants had to make a candy themed cake. Season 7, Episode 2, List of Dinner, Impossible episodes, in addition, she has him make a cake that utilizes candy from the store but is made out of Rice Krispies Treats
38.
Neurosurgery
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In different countries, there are different requirements for an individual to legally practice neurosurgery, and there are varying methods through which they must be educated. In most countries, neurosurgeon training requires a period of seven years after graduating from medical school. In the United States, a neurosurgeon must generally complete four years of education, four years of medical school. Most, but not all, residency programs have some component of science or clinical research. Neurosurgeons may pursue training in the form of a fellowship, after residency or in some cases. In the U. S. neurosurgery is considered a highly competitive specialty composed of 0. 6% of all practicing physicians, in the United Kingdom, students must gain entry into medical school. MBBS qualification takes four to six years depending on the students route, junior doctors then apply to enter the neurosurgical pathway. Neurosurgery remains consistently amongst the most competitive specialties in which to obtain entry. The Incas appear to have practiced a procedure known as trepanation since the late Stone age, during the Middle Ages in Arabia from 936 to 1013 AD, Al-Zahrawi performed surgical treatments of head injuries, skull fractures, spinal injuries, hydrocephalus, subdural effusions and headache. There was not much advancement in neurosurgery until late 19th early 20th century, history of electrodes in the brain, In 1878 Richard Canton discovered that electrical signals transmitted through an animals brain. In 1950 Dr. Jose Delgado invented the first electrode that was implanted in a brain, using it to make it run. In 1972 the cochlear implant, a neurological prosthetic that allowed people to hear was marketed for commercial use. In 1998 researcher Philip Kennedy implanted the first Brain Computer Interface into a human subject, history of tumor removal, In 1879 after locating it via neurological signs alone, Scottish surgeon William Macewen performed the first successful brain tumor removal. On March 16,1907 Austrian surgeon Hermann Schloffer became the first to remove a pituitary tumor. The main advancements in neurosurgery came about as a result of highly crafted tools, modern neurosurgical tools, or instruments, include chisels, curettes, dissectors, distractors, elevators, forcepts, hooks, impactors, probes, suction tubes, power tools, and robots. Most of these tools, like chisels, elevators, forcepts, hooks, impactors. The main difference of these tools, pre and post advancement in neurosurgery, were the precision in which they were crafted and these tools are crafted with edges that are within a millimeter of desired accuracy. Other tools such as hand held power saws and robots have only recently been used inside of a neurological operating room
39.
Ridgway, Colorado
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The Town of Ridgway, coined Gateway to the San Juans, is a Home Rule Municipality in Ouray County, in the southwestern portion of the U. S. State of Colorado. The town is a railroad stop on the Uncompaghre River in the northern San Juan Mountains. The town population was 713 at the 2000 census and 924 according to the 2010 census, steep forested mountains and cliffs surround Ridgway on the south, east, and northeast. The Uncompahgre River runs through the town and flows into the Ridgway State Park and Reservoir, Dallas Creek also flows from the south west and forms a confluence with the Uncompahgre before entering the reservoir. There is a notable wildlife presence — mountain lions, badgers, deer, elk, bears, coyotes, wild turkey, the regions bald eagles nest in the cottonwoods along the river and are a common sight in the late fall. Ridgway and the area have featured predominantly in pop culture. Most notably the area is the setting of John Waynes western movie True Grit, Ridgway has the only stoplight in Ouray County, at the intersection of Highways 550 and 62. Ridgway began as a town, serving the nearby mining towns of Telluride. The town site is at the terminus of the Rio Grande Southern Railroad where it meets with Denver. Ridgway was located about 3 miles south of the town of Dallas. Articles of incorporation were filed on May 22,1890 and granted on March 4,1891, the town was named for Denver and Rio Grande railroad superintendent Robert M. Ridgway, who established the town in 1891. The Rio Grande Southern filed for abandonment on April 24,1952, the dam for that reservoir, the Ridgway Dam, was proposed in 1957 as part of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamations Dallas Creek Project, and its original location would have inundated Ridgway. A1975 decision to put the dam further downstream kept the town above-water, land around the reservoir became the Ridgway State Park north of town limits. Ridgway is situated in the Uncompahgre Valley at an elevation of 6,985 feet, the town is located on the San Juan Skyway, cradled in the heart of some of the most photographed mountains in the world. The nearby San Juan Mountain Range has 14 of Colorados 53 peaks over 14,000 feet, among them,14,150 feet Mt. Sneffels is most prominent from Ridgway. The eponymous Mt. Ridgway,13,468 feet in height, is nearby,4.5 miles west of Ouray. To the east of the town lies the smaller but equally-grand Cimarron Range. The Uncompahgre River flows from Lake Como at 12,215 feet in northern San Juan County and it flows northwest past Ouray, Ridgway, Montrose, and Olathe and joins the Gunnison at Confluence Park in Delta
40.
Porsche 911 GT3
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The Porsche 911 GT3 is a high performance version of the Porsche 911 sports car primarily intended for racing. It is a line of models, which began with the 1973911 Carrera RS. The GT3 is named after the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile Group GT3 class in which it was designed to compete, a number of variations, designed for road and track duty, have been introduced since its launch in 1999. More than 14,000911 GT3 cars have been produced, the GT3 has had a successful racing career in the one-make national Porsche Carrera Cup series, and the international Porsche Supercup. The GT3 nameplate was introduced in 1999 as part of the first generation of the Porsche 996 model range, as with Porsches previous 911 RS models, the 996 GT3 was focused on racing, and so was devoid of items that added unnecessary weight to the car. The engine of the 996 GT3 set it apart from most of the other Porsche 996 models, the engine is naturally aspirated and based on the unit used in the Porsche 962 and Porsche 911 GT1 race cars. That engine was known as the Mezger engine, after its designer Hans Mezger, the engine uses the original air-cooled 911s versatile dry-sump crankcase, with an external oil reservoir. The 996 GT3 has 360 PS, compared to the 300 PS of the regular Porsche 996, thus, the GT3 engine is very similar to the completely water-cooled Porsche 962 racing cars engine, which is based on the same crankcase. The 962 differs, however, by using six individual cylinder heads while the GT1/GT3, like the air and water-cooled Porsche 959, the GT3 engine could thus also be thought of as similar to a 959 engine, but with water-cooled cylinders. Up to early model year 2004996 GT3 production, the casting used for the crankcase of the GT3 was the same as the air-cooled engine. The 964 casting number was visible on the bottom of the crankcase, and on areas normally machined in air-cooled applications, the crankcase casting was changed in mid-2004 to a 996 casting number crankcase to eliminate these external air-cooled remnants, but internally it was the same. Because the 911 air-cooled crankcase uses the Porsche 356 engine to transmission mounting flange configuration and this gearbox has interchangeable gear ratios and is more durable making it more suitable for racing than the standard 911 type 996 gearbox. Porsche offered a no-cost option for the GT3 called the Clubsport package, the Clubsport option was never offered to US customers, ostensibly due to the additional DOT crash testing that would have been required to allow US sales. Porsche made significant updates to the GT3 for 2004, using the 2002996 facelift including headlights that were differentiated from the Porsche Boxster, the 2004 version is commonly known as the 996.2 GT3. Horsepower was raised to 381 PS and torque to 284 lb·ft, the braking setup was upgraded, now featuring 6-piston calipers on the front, and the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake system was offered as an option. In track testing by American automotive journals, the GT3 managed a 0-60 mph time of 4.5 seconds, during skidpad testing the vehicle posted 1. 03g. Porsches official test-driver Walter Röhrl completed the Nürburgring Nordschleife with the 996 GT3 in 7 minutes 56 seconds, in 2003, Porsche introduced the Porsche 911 GT3 RS, an even more track-focused version of the 996 GT3. RS is short for the German RennSport, literally racing sport in English
US$5.8 billion (July 2017)[1]
