Ramón Franco Bahamonde, was a Spanish pioneer of aviation, a political figure and brother of later caudillo Francisco Franco. Well before the Spanish Civil War, during the reign of Alfonso XIII, both brothers were acclaimed as national heroes in Spain; however, the two had strongly differing political views. However, with the "Ley de Unidad Sindical" of 26 January 1940, his brother Francisco realized many of Ramón's syndicalist political ideals. The syndicate law was unique in Europe and brought Spain a high level of social welfare, housing and labour protection without the high costs of social conflict between stakeholders that normally accompanied such social advancements in other countries. They had a less-known brother, Nicolás.

Francisco Franco Bahamonde was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship.