Rashidun
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The Rashidun are the first four caliphs who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad, namely Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
Ottoman miniature paintings depicting Muhammad (center) and the Rashidun caliphs (anticlockwise) Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, and Uthman, c. 16th century
Islamic coin, time of the Rashidun. Imitation of Sasanid Empire ruler Khosrau II type. BYS (Bishapur) mint. Dated YE 25 = AH 36 (AD 656). Sasanian style bust imitating Khosrau II right; bismillah in margin/ Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; star and crescent flanking flames; date to left, mint name to right.
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Ayasofya 13
Abu Bakr
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Abu Bakr, born Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa, was a senior companion, the closest friend, and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who served as the first Rashidun caliph, ruling from 632 until hi
Rashidun
…al-Rāshidūn, lit. 'the rightly-guided') are the first four caliphs (lit. 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad, namely Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656), and Ali (r. 656–661). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is…
Calligraphic seal featuring Abu Bakr's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
A 1595 Ottoman miniature from the Siyer-i Nebi depicting Abu Bakr intervening to stop a Meccan mob, led by Abu Lahab, from killing Muhammad at the Souk of Okaz.
Muhammad (left) and Abu Bakr hiding in the cave in Jabal Thawr from Siyer-i Nebi.
A 19th-century miniature from a manuscript of Hamla-i Haydari, depicting Abu Bakr dying in the presence of Ali.