Rashidun
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The Rashidun are the first four caliphs who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad, namely Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
Ottoman miniature paintings depicting Muhammad (center) and the Rashidun caliphs (anticlockwise) Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, and Uthman, c. 16th century
Islamic coin, time of the Rashidun. Imitation of Sasanid Empire ruler Khosrau II type. BYS (Bishapur) mint. Dated YE 25 = AH 36 (AD 656). Sasanian style bust imitating Khosrau II right; bismillah in margin/ Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; star and crescent flanking flames; date to left, mint name to right.
20131203 Istanbul 118
Ayasofya 13
Abu Lu'lu'a
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Abū Luʾluʾa Fīrūz, also known in modern Persian-language sources as Abū Luʾluʾ or Fīrūz Nahāvandī, was a Sasanian Persian slave who assassinated Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Islamic caliph, in Nove
Shrine of Abū Luʾluʾa in Kashan, Iran
Early 20th-century depiction of Abd al-Rahman (ibn Awf or ibn Abi Bakr) witnessing the purported conspiracy of Abu Lu'lu'a, Hurmuzān, and Jufayna (wrongly depicted here as a woman; the depiction of the murder weapon may also be wrong)
Shrine of Abu Lu'lu'a in Kashan, Iran