Rationalism
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In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledg
René Descartes
Baruch Spinoza
Gottfried Leibniz
Detail of Pythagoras with a tablet of ratios, numbers sacred to the Pythagoreans, from The School of Athens by Raphael. Vatican Palace, Vatican City
Epistemology
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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional
Rationalism
…In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge…
Bertrand Russell originated the distinction between propositional knowledge and knowledge by acquaintance.
The analytic–synthetic distinction has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
Alvin Goldman was an influential defender of externalism.