1.
Gaur, Nepal
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Gaur is a municipality and headquarters of Rautahat district of Narayani zone, Nepal. It lies at the border of Nepal that links India via Bairgania and has a customs checkpoint, the former Prime Minister of Nepal Madhav Kumar Nepal is a resident. The school got its name from his name, the institution has about 1500 students. Shree Juddha Campus offers bachelor courses like Bachelor of Education, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Commerce and it runs a separate school for blind students. It offers bachelor courses like B. Ed. and 10+2 courses of Higher Secondary Education Board and it offers bacholar courses like B. Ed. and 10+2 courses of Higher Secondary Education Board. There are some schools in the town which offer education up to 10th class. Some notable ones are, Prabhat Secondary English Boarding School- Top School of Rautahat District, loreto Secondary English Boarding School Shree N. B. H. S. School Mudawalwa Gaur Nepal Lumbini English Boarding School Janak English Boarding school Satya Sishu Niketan G. Star Academy International Bal Academy G. N. S, there are more than 15 buses directly for capital of Nepal, Kathmandu, including 5 Volvo. One can also get direct bus for other cities like Birgunj, Janakpurdham, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Nepalgunj, Bharatpur. The nearest domestic airport, Simara Airport, is in Simra while nearest International airport, currently passengers use Tribhuvan International Airport located in capital of Nepal, Kathmandu, for International flight. As it is a border of Nepal that links India via Bairgania, Bairgania railway station is about 3 km from Gaur and several local transport like Tanga, Rickshaw, etc. are available from here. Nepal Telecom and Ncell have network coverage, Ncell has a 3G network for a long time there but now Nepal Telecom also has a 3G network. Other cellular network available are UTL Nepal, Smart Cell, Indian network providers such as BSNL and MTSs network is available too. ISPs like Worldlink, UTL Nepal and Nepal Telecom is available, Gaur has some Community radio stations to promote local culture. Radio Rajdevi F. M. -93.2 MHz Radio Border –94.2 MHz Radio Sanskriti –98.2 MHz Rautahat FM –90.8 MHz, kohinoor FM –87.7 MHZ Shanta Chalchitra Bhawan is the only cinema hall in the town. This a concrete bridge over a canal now, bagmati River used to flow at this place. That bridge held the record of longest wooden bridge of Nepal, chhath puja of Mudawalwa Village and this place is very famous. This is a temple of lord Shiva made up by Bidhyapatinagar Community, next to the temple is a pond which have a bridged temple of Sun in the centre
2.
Languages of Nepal
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The 2011 National census lists 123 Nepalese languages spoken as a mother tongue in Nepal. Most belong to the Indo-Aryan and Sino-Tibetan language families, the official language of Nepal is Nepali, formerly called Khaskura then Gorkhali. According to the 2011 national census, the percentage of Nepali Bhasi people is about 44. 6%, maithili is the second largest Nepalese language and according to 2011 Census, the percentage of Maithil people is 11. 57%. Three quarters of the 123 languages native to Nepal belong to the Tibeto-Burman language family, this includes Nepal Bhasa, the Dravidian languages are represented by Kurux, and the Munda languages of the Austroasiatic family by Santali and Mundari. The indigenous languages of Nepal that predated the influx of Indic, Tibeto-Burman, and other families barely survive in the Kusunda language, which is nearly extinct today. Nepal also has at several indigenous village sign languages, Jhankot Sign Language, Jumla Sign Language, and Ghandruk Sign Language, in addition to the Nepali Sign Language designed for national use
3.
Nepali language
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Nepali, originally known as Khas Kura, Parbate Bhasa or Gorkhali, is an Indo-Aryan language. It is the language and de facto lingua franca of Nepal. It is also spoken in parts of India, particularly by Indian Gorkha. In India, Nepali language is listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India having a status in the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages, most notably the Pahari languages and Magahi, however, owing to Nepals geographical area, it has also been influenced by Tibeto-Burman languages. Nepali is mainly differentiated from Central Pahari, both in grammar and vocabulary, by Tibeto-Burman idioms owing to close contact with the language group. Nepali language shares 40% lexical similarity with the Bengali language, in the nineteenth century, the British resident at Kathmandu Brian Houghton Hodgson observed that it was, in eight-tenths of its vocabulary, substantially Hindi. Historically, the language was first called the Khas language, then Gorkhali or Gurkhali before the term Nepali was adopted, in 1920, during Rana regime in Nepal, the term Nepal which resembled the Nepal Mandala was taken from its people. Soon after that, Nepal Bhasa was renamed into Newari and Parbate/Khas language took over as Nepali language, other names include Parbatiya and Dzongkha Lhotshammikha. It is also known as the Khey language or Partya language among the Newar people and Pahari language among Madhesi, however, due to protests for identity, Newars have restored their languages name as Nepal Bhasa and voices have been raise to re-instate Parbate language in its original name. Nepali developed a significant literature within a period of a hundred years in the 19th century. This literary explosion was fueled by Adhyatma Ramayana, Sundarananda Bara, Birsikka, a collection of folk tales. The contribution of trio-laureates Lekhnath Paudyal, Laxmi Prasad Devkota, the contribution of expatriate writers outside Nepal, especially in Darjeeling and Varanasi in India, is also notable. In the past decade, there have been many contributions to Nepali literature from the Nepali diaspora in Asia, Europe, America, according to the 2011 national census,44.6 percent of the population of Nepal speaks Nepali as a first language. The Ethnologue website reports 12,300,000 speakers within Nepal, Nepali is traditionally spoken in the Hill Region of Nepal, especially in the western part of the country. Although the Newar language dominated the Kathmandu valley, Nepali is currently the most dominant, Nepali is used in government and as the everyday language of a growing portion of the local population. Nevertheless, the use of Nepali in the courts and government of Nepal is being challenged. Recognition of other languages in Nepal was one of the objectives of the Communist Party of Nepals long war
4.
Hindi-Urdu
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Hindustani, historically also known as Hindavi, Dehlvi and Rekhta, is the lingua franca of North India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving primarily from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi, before the Partition of the British Indian Empire, the terms Hindustani, Urdu, and Hindi were synonymous, all covered what would be called Urdu and Hindi today. Hindustani is also spoken by a number of people in Mauritius. Early forms of present-day Hindustani developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan apabhramsha vernaculars of present-day North India in the 7th–13th centuries. Amir Khusro, who lived in the 13th century CE during the Delhi Sultanate period in North India, used these forms in his writings, the Delhi Sultanate, which comprised several Turkic and Afghan dynasties that ruled from Delhi, was succeeded by the Mughal Empire in 1526. The basis in general for the introduction of Persian language into the subcontinent was set, from its earliest days, by various Persianised Central Asian Turkic, the term Hindustani was the name given to that variant of Khariboli. For socio-political reasons, though essentially the variant of Khariboli with Persian vocabulary, the more highly Persianised version later established as a language of the court was called Rekhta, or mixed. As an emerging common dialect, Hindustani absorbed large numbers of Persian, Arabic, and Turkic words and its development was centred on the poets of the Mughal courts of cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Delhi, Lucknow, and Agra. He continued, But it has all the magnitude and importance of separate language and it is linguistic result of Mohammedan invasions of eleventh & twelfth centuries and is spoken by many Hindus in North India and by Musalman population in all parts of India. Next to English it was the language of British Indian Empire, was commonly written in Arabic or Persian characters. When the British colonised the Indian subcontinent from the late 18th through to the late 19th century, they used the words Hindustani, Hindi and they developed it as the language of administration of British India, further preparing it to be the official language of modern India and Pakistan. However, with independence, use of the word Hindustani declined, being replaced by Hindi and Urdu. It has a literature of 500 years, with prose, poetry, religion & philosophy, under the Bahmani Kings and it is a living language, still prevalent all over the Deccan Plateau. Note that the term Hindustani has generally fallen out of usage in modern India, except to refer to Indian as a nationality. The term used to refer to it is Hindi or Urdu, depending on the religion of the speaker, in common usage in India, the term Hindi includes all these dialects except those at the Urdu end of the spectrum. Urdu is the language of Pakistan and an officially recognised regional language of India. It is also a language in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar. In a specific sense, Hindustani may be used to refer to the dialects and varieties used in speech, in contrast with the standardised Hindi
5.
Province No. 2
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Mithila is a proposed state of Nepal located in Madhesh belt or eastern Terai plains. It is the Maithili-speaking area of Nepal including 13 district of Nepal bordering from current Parsa to Jhapa District of Nepal. The people here share cultural and marriage ties with Mithila, India, the region is surrounded by, The foot of the Himalaya Mountains to the North. The international border with India to the South, the East Champaran of India to the West. The Kishanganj district and Darjeeling district of India to the east, the region contains a total of 948 VDCs, including 14 municipalities. The province covers about 14,058.7 km2. of Nepals total area of 147,181 km2, with an estimated 6.65 million inhabitants, it is by far the most populous of the new proposed provinces. Janakpurdham lies 25 kilometres south of the East-West Highway, at its eastern end this road joins an Tribhuvan Highway that connects it to Kathmandu, the capital city of the country and Pokhara. At its western end it enters the Lumbini state of the country which links to Nepalgunj and Birgunj. The Mahendra Highway is the longest in the country, at 1,000 kilometres, a few other railway projects are under progress in the Mithila region of Nepal. All these projects are of Nepal Railways, Simara Airport in Pipara Simara close to Birganj. Nijgadh International Airport in Bara district, the following are notable residents of Mithila. Dr. Ram Baran Yadav, was born in Dhanusa District of Mithila region in Nepal and he is the current President of Nepal. He was elected in July 2008 and is the countrys first President and he previously served as Minister of Health and as General Secretary of the Nepali Congress party. Parmanand Jha was born in the Darbhanga District of Mithila region of India and he is the current Vice President of Nepal and a former Supreme Court judge. Madhav Kumar Nepal, was born in the Saptari District of Mithila region of Nepal and he is a Nepali politician who was Prime Minister of Nepal from 25 May 2009 until 6 February 2011. Nepal announced his resignation as Prime Minister on 30 June 2010 and he was previously the General Secretary of Communist Party of Nepal for 15 years
6.
Nepal
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Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises,13 sub-metropolises,246 municipal councils and 481 village and it has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between, Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the worlds ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the capital and largest city. It is a nation with Nepali as the official language. The territory of Nepal has a history since the Neolithic age. The name Nepal is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age, the era which founded Hinduism, in the middle of the first millennium BCE, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in southern Nepal. Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet, the Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilization. It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala, the Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valleys traders. The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture, by the 18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, the country was never colonized but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India. In the 20th century, Nepal ended its isolation and forged ties with regional powers. Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951, but was suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008, modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic. Nepal is a nation, ranking 144th on the Human Development Index in 2016. The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic and it also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty. Despite these challenges, Nepal is making progress, with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022
7.
Muslim
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A Muslim is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran, their book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts, Muslim is an Arabic word meaning one who submits. Most Muslims will accept anyone who has publicly pronounced Shahadah as a Muslim, the shahadah states, There is no god but the God and Muhammad is the last messenger of the God. The testimony authorized by God in the Quran that can found in Surah 3,18 states, There is no god except God, which in Arabic, is the exact testimony which God Himself utters, as well as the angels and those who possess knowledge utter. The word muslim is the active participle of the verb of which islām is a verbal noun, based on the triliteral S-L-M to be whole. A female adherent is a muslima, the plural form in Arabic is muslimūn or muslimīn, and its feminine equivalent is muslimāt. The Arabic form muslimun is the stem IV participle of the triliteral S-L-M, the ordinary word in English is Muslim. It is sometimes transliterated as Moslem, which is an older spelling, the word Mosalman is a common equivalent for Muslim used in Central Asia. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term Mohammedans or Mahometans, although such terms were not necessarily intended to be pejorative, Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God. Other obsolete terms include Muslimite and Muslimist, musulmán/Mosalmán is a synonym for Muslim and is modified from Arabic. In English it was sometimes spelled Mussulman and has become archaic in usage, the Muslim philosopher Ibn Arabi said, A Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God. Islam means making ones religion and faith Gods alone. The Quran states that men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values. Thus, in Surah 3,52 of the Quran, Jesus disciples tell him, We believe in God, and you be our witness that we are Muslims. In Muslim belief, before the Quran, God had given the Tawrat to Moses, the Zabur to David and the Injil to Jesus, who are all considered important Muslim prophets. The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12. 7% of the worlds Muslims, followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Egypt. About 20% of the worlds Muslims lives in the Middle East and North Africa, Sizable minorities are found in India, China, Russia, Ethiopia. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its population is Morocco
8.
Geography of Nepal
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Nepal measures about 800 kilometers along its Himalayan axis by 150 to 250 kilometers across. Nepal has an area of 147,181 square kilometers, Nepal is landlocked by India on three sides and Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region to the north. West Bengals narrow Siliguri Corridor or Chickens Neck separate Nepal and Bangladesh, to the east are India and Bhutan. Nepal depends on India for goods facilities and access to the sea. For a small country, Nepal has tremendous geographic diversity, along a south-to-north transect, Nepal can be divided into three belts, Terai, Hill and Mountain Regions. In the other direction, it is divided into three major systems, from east to west, Koshi, Gandaki/Narayani and Karnali, all tributaries of the Ganges. The Ganges-Yarlung Zangbo/Brahmaputra watershed largely coincides with the Nepal-Tibet border, however several Ganges tributaries rise inside Tibet, the Terai or Madhesh region begins at the Indian border and includes the southernmost part of the flat, intensively farmed Gangetic Plain called the Outer Terai. By the 19th century, timber and other resources were being exported to India, the Outer Terai is culturally more similar to adjacent parts of Indias Bihar and Uttar Pradesh than to the hill region of Nepal. Nepali is taught in schools and often spoken in government offices, however the population mostly uses Maithali, Bhojpuri. The Outer Terai ends at the base of the first range of foothills called the Siwaliks or Churia and this range has a densely forested skirt of coarse alluvium called the bhabhar. Below the bhabhar, finer, less permeable sediments force groundwater to the surface in a zone of springs, in Persian, terai refers to wet or marshy ground. Before the use of DDT this was dangerously malarial, Nepals rulers used this for a defensive frontier called the char kose jhadi. Above the bhabhar belt, the Siwaliks rise to about 700 metres with peaks as high as 1,000 metres and this range is composed of poorly consolidated, coarse sediments that do not retain water or support soil development so there is virtually no agricultural potential and sparse population. In several places beyond the Siwaliks there are dūn valleys called Inner Terai and these valleys have productive soil but were dangerously malarial except to indigenous Tharu people who had genetic resistance. In the mid-1950s DDT came into use to suppress mosquitos and the way was open to settlement from the land-poor hills, the terai ends and the Hills begin at a higher range of foothills called the Mahabharat Range. Situated south of the Mountain Region, the Hill Region is mostly betw altitude. This region begins at the Mahabharat Range where a system called the Main Boundary Thrust creates an escarpment 1,000 to 1,500 metres high. These steep southern slopes are nearly uninhabited, thus an effective buffer between languages and culture in the Terai and Hill regions, Hindu Paharis mainly populate river and stream bottoms that enable rice cultivation and are warm enough for winter/spring crops of wheat and potato
9.
Tropical climate
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A tropical climate in the Köppen climate classification it is a non-arid climate in which all twelve months have mean temperatures of at least 18 °C. In tropical climates there is only two seasons, a wet season and a dry season. Tropical climates are frost-free and changes in the angle are small. In tropical climates temperature remains constant throughout the year. Within the tropical climate there are distinct varieties based on precipitation, In the Tropical rainforest climate. These climates usually occur within 5–10° latitude of the equator, in some eastern coast areas, they may extend to as much as over 26° away from the equator. This climate is dominated by the doldrums Low Pressure System all year round and it is dominated by the monsoon winds which change direction according to the seasons. This climate has a driest month with less than 60 millimetres. Examples, Southern part of Arabian Peninsula, mountaintops within the tropics, e. g. Mount Kenya, can be cold. However, like lowlands in the tropics, there is seasonal variation of temperature. Because of the effect of sun angle on climate most areas within the tropics are hot year-round, the ITCZ is shown, for July average, in the graphic. Areas of ascending air have heavy rainfall, areas of descending air are dry, the ITCZ somewhat follows the solar equator throughout the year, but with geographical variations, and in some areas is heavily influenced by local large-scale monsoons
Listen (help·info), a part of Province No. 2, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal. The district headquarter is Gaur,including municipalities like Garuda, Chapur , covers an area of 1,126 km² and had a population of 545,132 in 2001 and 686,722 in 2011. This district has a total of 101 VDCs and 3 municipalities, among other districts, Rautahat has the largest percent of Muslims in Nepal, about 19.465% (106,111 persons in 2001).Sri Ram Sugar Mill is located in Garuda. and the famous hindu temple is in shivnager and the temple is run by giri family. Nunthar is a famous place for picnic and there is a temple of lord shiva which is located in pauria VDC bagmati .[1]
