1.
Markham (TV series)
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Milland played private investigator and attorney Roy Markham. In that Markham had been a lawyer, he had the leisure to take detective cases based on his own interest. His fees could vary from the very considerable to his wealthier, markhams cases could take him almost anywhere in the world, although he was based in New York City. In the early episodes of this program, Markham had an assistant, John Riggs, dayton Lummis appeared as Howard Fulton in the 1959 episode entitled The Father. Elen Willard made her debut as Deidre Waugh in the 1960 segment The Bad Spell. Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr. played Chief Gomez in the 1959 episode The Bay of the Dead, carole Mathews appeared as Jan Van Pelt in another 1959 episode, The Glass Diamond. Prior to Markham, Milland played the role from 1953-1954 in a CBS sitcom, Meet Mr. McNutley, the story of a college professor at fictitious Lynnhaven College. For the second season, 1954–1955, the program was renamed The Ray Milland Show, brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows IMDb entry for Markham
2.
Neath
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Neath is a town and community situated in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales with a population of 19,258 in 2011. The wider urban area, which includes neighboring settlements, had a population of 50,658 in 2011, historically in Glamorgan, the town is located on the river of the same name,7 miles east northeast of Swansea. Historically, Neath was the place of the River Neath and has existed as a settlement since the Romans established the fort of Nido or Nidum in the AD 70s. The Roman fort took its name from the River Nedd, the meaning is obscure, the Antonine Itinerary names only nine places in Roman Wales, one of them being Neath. There is evidence of undated prehistoric settlements, probably Celtic, on the surrounding the town. The fort covered an area which now lies under the playing fields of Dŵr-y-Felin Comprehensive School. In the late 1960s, there were reports in the media of a massive Roman marching camp being found above Llantwit which would have accommodated many thousands of troops. St Illtyd visited the Neath area and established a settlement in what is now known as Llantwit on the edge of the town. The church of St. Illtyd was built at this settlement and was enlarged in Norman times, the Norman and pre Norman church structure remains intact and active to day within the Church in Wales. The Welsh language name for Neath is Castell-nedd, referring to the Norman Neath Castle, Neath was a market town that expanded with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century with new manufacturing industries of iron, steel and tinplate. The Mackworth family, who owned the Gnoll Estate were prominent in the industrial development. The town continued as a trading centre with a municipal cattle market run by W. B. Trick. Industrial development continued throughout the 20th century with the construction by BP of a new refinery at Llandarcy. Admiral Lord Nelson stayed at the Castle Hotel en route to Milford Haven when the fleet was at anchor there. Lt. Lewis Roatley, the son of the landlord of the Castle Hotel, the River Neath is a navigable estuary and Neath was a river port until recent times. The heavy industries are no more with the town being a commercial, attractions for visitors are the ruins of the Cistercian Neath Abbey, the Gnoll Park and Neath Indoor Market. Neath hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1918,1934 and 1994, the Welsh Rugby Union was formed at a meeting held at the Castle Hotel in 1881. Neath Rugby Football Club, the famous and very successful Welsh All Blacks and they have won 4 consecutive titles in the semi-professional Principality Premiership and 3 Swalec Cup titles
3.
Glamorgan
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Glamorgan or, sometimes, Glamorganshire is one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales and a former administrative county of Wales. It was originally a medieval petty kingdom of varying boundaries known as Glywysing until taken over by the Normans as a lordship. Glamorgan is latterly represented by the three preserved counties of Mid Glamorgan, South Glamorgan and West Glamorgan, the name also survives in that of Vale of Glamorgan, a county borough. After falling under English rule in the 16th century, Glamorgan became a more stable county, the county of Glamorgan comprised several distinct regions, the industrial valleys, the agricultural Vale of Glamorgan, and the scenic Gower Peninsula. The county was bounded to the north by Brecknockshire, east by Monmouthshire, south by the Bristol Channel and its total area was 2,100 km2, and the total population of the three preserved counties of Glamorgan in 1991 was 1,288,309. From 1974 Glamorgan contained two cities, Cardiff, the county town and from 1955 the capital city of Wales, the highest point in the county is Craig y Llyn which is situated near the village of Rhigos in the Cynon Valley. Glamorgans terrain has been inhabited by humankind for over 200,000 years, climate fluctuation caused the formation, disappearance, and reformation of glaciers which, in turn, caused sea levels to rise and fall. At various times life has flourished, at others the area is likely to have been completely uninhabitable, evidence of the presence of Neanderthals has been discovered on the Gower Peninsula. Whether they remained in the area during periods of cold is unclear. Sea levels have been 150 metres lower and 8 metres higher than at present, archaeological evidence shows that humans settled in the area during an interstadial period. The oldest known burial in Great Britain – the Red Lady of Paviland – was discovered in a coastal cave between Port Eynon and Rhossili, on the Gower Peninsula. The lady has been dated to c.29,000 years before present – during the Late Pleistocene – at which time the cave overlooked an area of plain. From the end of the last ice age Mesolithic hunter-gatherers began to migrate to the British Peninsula – through Doggerland – from the European mainland. Human lifestyles in North-West Europe changed around 6000 BP, from the Mesolithic nomadic lives of hunting and gathering, to the Neolithic agrarian life of agriculture and they cleared the forests to establish pasture and to cultivate the land and developed new technologies such as ceramics and textile production. A tradition of long construction began in continental Europe during the 7th millennium BP – the free standing megalithic structures supporting a sloping capstone. Nineteen Neolithic chambered tombs and five possible henges have been identified in Glamorgan, two major groups of Neolithic architectural traditions are represented in the area, portal dolmens, and Severn-Cotswold chamber tombs, as well as tombs that do not fall easily into either group. Such massive constructions would have needed a large labour force – up to 200 men – suggestive of large communities nearby, archaeological evidence from some Neolithic sites has shown the continued use of cromlechi in the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age – defined by the use of metal – has made an impression on the area
4.
Torrance, California
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Torrance is a city in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Torrance has 1.5 miles of beaches on the Pacific Ocean, Torrance has a moderate year-round climate with warm temperatures, sea breezes, low humidity and an average rainfall of 12.55 inches per year. Since its incorporation in 1921, Torrance has grown rapidly and its estimated 2013 population was 147,478. This residential and light high-tech industries city has 90,000 street trees and 30 city parks, known for its low crime rates, the city consistently ranks among the safest cities in Los Angeles County. Torrance is the birthplace of the American Youth Soccer Organization, in addition, the city of Torrance has the second-highest percentage of Japanese demographic in California. Torrance was originally part of the Tongva Native American homeland for thousands of years and it was later divided in 1846 with Governor Pío Pico granting Rancho de los Palos Verdes to José Loreto and Juan Capistrano Sepulveda, in the Alta California territory of independent Mexico. In the early 1900s, real estate developer Jared Sidney Torrance and they purchased part of an old Spanish land grant and hired landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. to design a new planned community. The resulting town was founded in October 1912 and named after Mr. Torrance, the first residential avenue created in Torrance was Gramercy and the second avenue was Andreo. Many of the houses on these avenues turned 100 years of age in 2012, both avenues are located in the area referred to as Old Town Torrance. This section of Torrance is under review to be classified as a historical district, historically the El Nido neighborhood was home to many European immigrants, such as originally Dutch, German, Greek, Italian and Portuguese people. Rapid new growth in Torrance began after World War II as wartime industries transformed into Post-war Aerospace manufacturers, large housing developments were built in the 1950s and 1960s to accommodate the new population. Torrance moved on after the closure of some development and oil refinery plants in the 1990s statewide recession. Torrance survived the deindustrialization, regional economic slowdowns and national recessions in the 1970s to 2000s, large-scale Asian immigration in the past couple of decades has transformed Torrance into a diverse and multicultural city. Torrance is a community in southwestern Los Angeles County sharing the climate. It is about 20 miles southwest of Downtown Los Angeles, Torrance Beach lies between Redondo Beach and Malaga Cove on Santa Monica Bay. The southernmost stretch of Torrance Beach, on a cove at the end of the Palos Verdes peninsula, is known to locals as Rat Beach. A Nature center provides activities, information, and classes for school children, Torrance has a Mediterranean climate or Dry-Summer Subtropical. The rainy season is November through March, as shown in the adjacent table, the Los Angeles area is also subject to the phenomenon typical of a microclimate
5.
Welsh people
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The Welsh people or the Welsh are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales and the Welsh language. Prior to the 20th century, large numbers of Welsh people spoke only Welsh, the term Welsh people applies to people from Wales and people of Welsh ancestry perceiving themselves or being perceived as sharing a cultural heritage and shared ancestral origins. Over 300,000 Welsh people live in London, the same etymological origin is shared by the names of various other Celtic or Latin peoples such as the Walloons and the Vlachs, as well as of the Swiss canton of Valais. The modern Welsh name for themselves is Cymry, and Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales and these words are descended from the Brythonic word combrogi, meaning fellow-countrymen. They thus carry a sense of land of fellow-countrymen, our country, the word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century. It is attested in a poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan c. 633. Thereafter Cymry prevailed as a reference to the Welsh, until c.1560 the word was spelt Kymry or Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. During their time in Britain, the ancient Romans encountered tribes in present-day Wales that they called the Ordovices, the Demetae, the Silures and the Deceangli. The people of what is now Wales were not distinguished from the rest of the peoples of southern Britain, all were called Britons and spoke the common British language, a Brythonic Celtic tongue. Celtic language and culture seems to have arrived in Britain during the Iron Age, the claim has also been made that Indo-European languages may have been introduced to the British Isles as early as the early Neolithic, with Goidelic and Brythonic languages developing indigenously. The genetic evidence in this case would show that the change to Celtic languages in Britain may have occurred as a cultural rather than through migration as was previously supposed. The assumed genetic imprint of Neolithic incomers is seen as a cline, with stronger Neolithic representation in the east of Europe, when the Roman legions departed Britain around 400, a Romano-British culture remained in the areas the Romans had settled, and the pre-Roman cultures in others. According to Stephen Oppenheimer 96% of lineages in Llangefni in north Wales derive from Iberia, Genetic marker R1b averages from 83–89% amongst the Welsh. The people in what is now Wales continued to speak Brythonic languages with additions from Latin, the surviving poem Y Gododdin is in early Welsh and refers to the Brythonic kingdom of Gododdin with a capital at Din Eidyn and extending from the area of Stirling to the Tyne. John Davies places the change from Brythonic to Welsh between 400 and 700, offas Dyke was erected in the mid-8th century, forming a barrier between Wales and Mercia. The genetic tests suggested that between 50% and 100% of the population of what was to become England was wiped out. In 2001, research for a BBC programme on the Vikings suggested a strong link between the Celts and Basques, dating back tens of thousands of years. The UCL research suggested a migration on a huge scale during the Anglo-Saxon period and it appears England is made up of an ethnic cleansing event from people coming across from the continent after the Romans left, said Dr Mark Thomas, of the Centre for Genetic Anthropology at UCL
6.
Film director
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A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a films artistic and dramatic aspects, the director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film, the film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized, or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions, there are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, film editors or actors, other film directors have attended a film school. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors dialogue, while others control every aspect. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners, some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films. Film directors create a vision through which a film eventually becomes realized/noticed. Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of production, as well as directing the shooting timetable. This entails organizing the crew in such a way as to achieve their vision of the film. This requires skills of leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful. Moreover, it is necessary to have an eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew, thus. Thus the director ensures that all involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film. The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as a jigsaw puzzle with egos. It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when, omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget. Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intended age rating, thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one. It has been said that 20-hour days are not unusual, under European Union law, the film director is considered the author or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence of auteur theory. Auteur theory is a film criticism concept that holds that a directors film reflects the directors personal creative vision
7.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
8.
The Lost Weekend (film)
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The Lost Weekend is a 1945 American film noir directed by Billy Wilder and starring Ray Milland and Jane Wyman. The film was based on Charles R. Jacksons 1944 novel of the name about an alcoholic writer. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won four, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Writing. It also shared the Grand Prix at the first Cannes Film Festival, in 2011, The Lost Weekend was added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Thursday - An alcoholic New York writer, Don Birnam, is packing for a vacation with his brother Wick. When Don’s girlfriend Helen comes to see them off, she mentions in passing that she has two tickets for a concert, to which Don urges Wick to accompany her. Don heads for Nat’s Bar, deliberately missing his train, and then back into the flat to drink some cheap whisky he has bought. Friday - Back at the bar, the owner, Nat, criticizes Don for treating Helen so badly and it was due to a mix-up of cloakroom tickets at the opera-house, where he had to wait for the person who had been given his coat-check in error. This was Helen, with whom he strikes up a romance, when he is due to meet her parents for lunch at a hotel, he loses his nerve and phones a message to her, crying off. Presently he confesses to her that he is two people ‘Don the writer’, whose fear of failure causes him to drink, and ‘Don the drunk’ who always has to be bailed out by his brother, Still, Helen devotes herself to helping him in his plight. Back in the present day, Don has moved on to another bar, where he is stealing money from a womans purse to pay his bill. In the flat, he finds a bottle he had stashed the previous night, saturday - Don is broke and all the pawnshops are closed for Yom Kippur. At Nat’s Bar, he is refused service, in desperation for money, he visits a girl who has had a long held crush on him, but stood her up during this latest binge. Leaving her flat, he falls down the stairs and is knocked unconscious, sunday - Don wakes up in an alcoholics’ ward where Bim Nolan, a cynical male nurse, mocks him and other guests at ‘Hangover Plaza’, but offers to help cure his delirium. Don refuses help, and succeeds in escaping from the ward while the staff are occupied with a violent patient, monday - Still broke, Don steals a bottle of whisky from a store, and spends the day drinking and hallucinating. Helen returns, alerted by a call from Dons landlady who can hear his screams, finding him in a delirious state, she vows to look after him and spends the night on his couch. Tuesday - Don slips out and pawns Helen’s coat - the thing which had first brought them together - in order to buy a gun and she trails him to the pawn shop and finds out from the pawnbroker that he traded the coat for a gun he had pawned earlier. She races to Dons apartment and catches him just before he is about to shoot himself in the bathroom and he tells her their relationship is over, and she glimpses the gun which he has hidden in the bathroom
9.
John Wayne
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Marion Mitchell Morrison, known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit, Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades, born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He found work at film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walshs The Big Trail, Waynes career took off in 1939, with John Fords Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures, biographer Ronald Davis said, John Wayne personified for millions the nations frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen and he is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man, Rio Bravo, and The Longest Day. In his final performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist. He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26,1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30,1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth and his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Waynes father, Clyde Leonard Morrison, was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison, Waynes mother, the former Mary Molly Alberta Brown, was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Waynes ancestry included English, Irish, Scots-Irish, and Scottish, Waynes family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him Little Duke because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier and he preferred Duke to Marion, and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale, as a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay and he played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team. Wayne applied to the U. S. Naval Academy, and he instead attended the University of Southern California, majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities, Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his career, Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury
10.
Reap the Wild Wind
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Reap the Wild Wind is a 1942 film starring Ray Milland, John Wayne, Paulette Goddard, Robert Preston, and Susan Hayward, and directed by Cecil B. DeMille, his picture to be filmed in color. It is based on a story written by Thelma Strabel in 1940 for The Saturday Evening Post. The movie, released shortly after the United States entry into World War II, was an adventure set in the 1840s along the Florida coast. As the film opens, Loxi Claiborne is running a marine salvage business started by her deceased father, a hurricane is passing through the Key West area, leaving behind at least one wreck on the nearby shoals. The Jubilee founders, and Loxi and other salvagers race to claim the cargo, not arriving first, Loxi and her crew rescue the captain, Jack Stuart, but do not share in the salvage rights. It appears that the first salvor on the scene, King Cutler, nursing Jack back to health, Loxi falls in love with him. When she visits Charleston with her cousin Drusilla, Loxi schemes to win a plum Captains position for Jack by seducing Steve Tolliver, Steve falls for Loxi and returns with her to Key West to investigate the truth about Jacks shipwreck. Drusilla goes home to Havana when Loxi and Steve return to Key West, Steve has come to rid the Keys of pirates like Cutler. Cutler, in turn, arranges to have Steve shanghaied by the crew of a whaler, Loxi hears of the plot and gets Jack to help her save Steve. Later, they discover that Steve has concealed Jacks appointment to the steamship Southern Cross on orders from his superior, angry over a seemingly underhanded act, Jack meets with Cutler. He learns that Steves boss has just died and that Steve will be taking over the shipping line. Jack realizes that he is unlikely to keep his command with Steve in charge and agrees to work with Cutler to sabotage his new ship, rumors circulate and prices of the cargo of the Southern Cross fluctuate wildly, leaving Steve to suspect a wreck is planned. He commandeers the Claiborne with Loxi on board and heads to Havana to stop Jack, Loxi, believing Jack is innocent, disables her ship, and they sit becalmed in a fog bank as the Southern Cross piles into a reef and sinks. Unknown to Jack, Drusilla had stowed away to be with her lover, King Cutlers brother Dan, Jack is put on trial for wrecking his ship. The testimony reveals a woman may have been on board, though none was rescued, to determine if a woman is in the wreck, Steve agrees to dive to the wreck with Jack. While down in the wreck, Jack and Steve discover proof that Drusilla was on board and has been drowned and they are attacked by a giant squid. Jack saves Steves life but is lost when the Southern Cross slips off the shelf into deep water
11.
Dial M for Murder
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Dial M for Murder is a 1954 American crime mystery film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Ray Milland, Grace Kelly, Robert Cummings and John Williams. It was filmed in 3-D with the technology that was available at the time, the screenplay and the successful stage play on which it was based were written by English playwright Frederick Knott. The play premiered in 1952 on BBC Television, before being performed on stage in the year in Londons West End in June. The movie was released by Warner Bros. though due to the waning popularity of 3D films, it was converted to 2D. Tony Wendice, a former English professional tennis player, is married to wealthy socialite Margot, Tony meets an acquaintance from the University of Cambridge, Charles Alexander C. A. Swann, who has become a small-time criminal. Tony has secretly been following Swann so he can blackmail him into murdering Margot, Tony tells Swann about Margots affair. Six months before, Tony stole her handbag, which contained a letter from Mark. After tricking Swann into leaving his fingerprints on the letter, Tony offers to pay him £1,000 to kill Margot, if Swann refuses, Tony will turn him in to the police as Margots blackmailer. When Swann agrees, Tony explains his plan, the evening he will take Mark to a party, leaving Margot at home. Swann is to sneak in when Margot is asleep and hide behind the curtains in front of the French doors to the garden, at eleven oclock, Tony will telephone the flat from the party. Swann must kill Margot when she answers the phone, open the French doors, leave signs suggesting a burglary gone wrong, the next night, Swann enters the flat while Margot is in bed, and waits. At the party, Tony discovers his watch has stopped, so he phones the flat later than intended, when Margot comes to the phone, Swann tries to strangle her with his scarf, but she manages to grab a pair of scissors and kill him. She picks up the receiver and pleads for help. Tony tells her not to do anything until he arrives home, when he returns to the flat, he calls the police and sends Margot to bed. The following day, Tony persuades Margot to hide the fact that he told her not to call the police immediately, chief Inspector Hubbard arrives and questions the Wendices, and Margot makes several conflicting statements. When Hubbard says Swann must have entered through the front door, Tony falsely claims to have seen Swann at the time Margots handbag was stolen, Hubbard does not believe this because no key was found on Swanns body. Hubbard arrests Margot after concluding that she killed Swann for blackmailing her, Margot is found guilty and sentenced to death. Some months later, on the day before Margots scheduled execution, Mark visits Tony, to Tonys consternation, Marks story is what did actually happen, that Tony bribed Swann to murder Margot
12.
Love Story (1970 film)
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Love Story is a 1970 American romantic drama film written by Erich Segal, who was also the author of the best-selling novel of the same name. It was directed by Arthur Hiller and starred Ali MacGraw and Ryan ONeal, alongside John Marley, Ray Milland, and Tommy Lee Jones in his film debut in a minor role. A tragedy, the film is considered one of the most romantic by the American Film Institute and is #37 in the list of highest-grossing films in Canada and it was followed by a sequel, Olivers Story, starring ONeal with Candice Bergen. Oliver Barrett IV comes from an American upper-class East Coast family and is heir to the Barrett fortune and he attends Harvard University, where he is very active in ice hockey. At the library, Oliver meets Jennifer Jenny Cavalleri, a quick-witted and she mocks him, calling him preppy and jock. Oliver finds charm and truth in her comments and they quickly fall in love, despite their differences. Jenny reveals her plans for the future, which include studying in Paris, Oliver is upset that he does not figure in those plans. He wants to marry Jenny and proposes, after she accepts, she is driven to the Barrett mansion to meet the old guard parents. Oliver reassures her that their class differences wont matter, however, his parents are clearly not impressed and are judgmental. Later, at the Harvard club Olivers father tells him that he cut him off financially if he marries Jenny. Oliver storms out of the dining hall, upon graduation from college, the two students decide to marry against the wishes of Olivers father, who severs ties with his son. The wedding is modern and contains no religious denomination, Jennys widowed father attends, although he also has concerns about their social differences. Without his fathers support, the couple struggle to pay Olivers way through Harvard Law School. Jenny gets work as a private-school teacher and they rent the top floor of a triple decker near the Law School. Oliver graduates third in his class, winning $500, and takes a position at a respectable New York law firm and they eventually move into a doorman building, which contrasts greatly with their Cambridge digs. The 24-year-olds are ready to start a family, but when they fail to conceive they consult a medical specialist, after many tests, Oliver is informed that Jenny is terminally ill. Her exact condition is never stated explicitly, but she appears to have leukemia, as instructed by his doctor, Oliver attempts to live a normal life without telling Jenny of her condition, but she finds out after confronting her doctor about her recent illness. Oliver buys tickets to Paris but she declines, wanting only time with him, soon after she begins costly cancer therapy, Oliver is desperate enough over the mounting expenses to seek financial relief from his father
13.
Household Cavalry
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The Household Cavalry is made up of the two most senior regiments of the British Army, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals. The Household Cavalry is part of the Household Division and is the Queens official bodyguard, the British Household Cavalry is classed as a corps in its own right, and consists of two regiments, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals. They are the regular regiments in the British Army, with traditions dating from 1660. They are guards regiments and, with the five foot guard regiments, the Household Cavalry as a whole is split into two different units that fulfil very distinct roles. These are both joint units, consisting of personnel from both regiments, like other Cavalry formations, the Household Cavalry is divided into regiments and squadrons. The whole corps is under the command of the Commander Household Cavalry and he is a Colonel, and is assisted by a retired lieutenant colonel as Regimental Adjutant. The current Commander is Colonel S H Cowen RHG/D, the first unit is the Household Cavalry Regiment. It has an operational role as a Formation Reconnaissance Regiment, serving in armoured fighting vehicles. The regiment serves as part of the Royal Armoured Corps, one of HCRs squadrons is assigned to the airborne role with 16 Air Assault Brigade as of 2003. The Regiment is based at Combermere Barracks, Windsor, one mile from Windsor Castle, the men of the Household Division have sometimes been required to undertake special tasks as the Sovereign’s personal troops. The Household Cavalry were called to Windsor Castle on 20 November 1992 to assist with salvage operations following the Great Fire, the second unit is the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment, which is horsed and carries out mounted ceremonial duties on State and Royal occasions. These include the provision of a Sovereigns Escort, most commonly seen on The Queens Birthday Parade in June each year, other occasions include state visits by visiting heads of state, or whenever required by the British monarch. The regiment also mounts the guard at Horse Guards, the Regiment has been based at Hyde Park Barracks, Knightsbridge, since 1795. This is three-quarters of a mile from Buckingham Palace, new troopers and officers are generally first assigned to London upon completion of horsemanship training and remain there for up to three years. Like the five Foot Guards regiments they rotate between the unit and ceremonial duties. However, this origin may be apocryphal, since serjeant was a used by some offices of comparative seniority, such as Serjeants at Arms. Uniquely, non-commissioned officers and warrant officers of the Household Cavalry do not wear insignia on their full dress uniforms. Rank is indicated by a system of aiguillettes, Second Lieutenants in The Blues and Royals are known as Cornets
14.
British Army
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The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom. As of 2017 the British Army comprises just over 80,000 trained Regular, or full-time, personnel and just over 26,500 trained Reserve, or part-time personnel. Therefore, the UK Parliament approves the continued existence of the Army by passing an Armed Forces Act at least once every five years, day to day the Army comes under administration of the Ministry of Defence and is commanded by the Chief of the General Staff. Repeatedly emerging victorious from these decisive wars allowed Britain to influence world events with its policies and establish itself as one of the leading military. In 1660 the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were restored under Charles II, Charles favoured the foundation of a new army under royal control and began work towards its establishment by August 1660. The Royal Scots Army and the Irish Army were financed by the Parliament of Scotland, the order of seniority of the most senior line regiments in the British Army is based on the order of seniority in the English army. At that time there was only one English regiment of dragoons, after William and Marys accession to the throne, England involved itself in the War of the Grand Alliance, primarily to prevent a French invasion restoring Marys father, James II. Spain, in the two centuries, had been the dominant global power, and the chief threat to Englands early transatlantic ambitions. The territorial ambitions of the French, however, led to the War of the Spanish Succession and the Napoleonic Wars. From the time of the end of the Seven Years War in 1763, Great Britain was the naval power. As had its predecessor, the English Army, the British Army fought the Kingdoms of Spain, France, and the Netherlands for supremacy in North America and the West Indies. With native and provincial assistance, the Army conquered New France in the North American theatre of the Seven Years War, the British Army suffered defeat in the American War of Independence, losing the Thirteen Colonies but holding on to Canada. The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars and served in campaigns across Europe. The war between the British and the First French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte stretched around the world and at its peak, in 1813, the regular army contained over 250,000 men. A Coalition of Anglo-Dutch and Prussian Armies under the Duke of Wellington, the English had been involved, both politically and militarily, in Ireland since being given the Lordship of Ireland by the Pope in 1171. The campaign of the English republican Protector, Oliver Cromwell, involved uncompromising treatment of the Irish towns that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War, the English Army stayed in Ireland primarily to suppress numerous Irish revolts and campaigns for independence. Having learnt from their experience in America, the British government sought a political solution, the British Army found itself fighting Irish rebels, both Protestant and Catholic, primarily in Ulster and Leinster in the 1798 rebellion. The Haldane Reforms of 1907 formally created the Territorial Force as the Armys volunteer reserve component by merging and reorganising the Volunteer Force, Militia, Great Britains dominance of the world had been challenged by numerous other powers, in the 20th century, most notably Germany
15.
The Flying Scotsman (1929 film)
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The Flying Scotsman is a 1929 black and white part-silent film set on the Flying Scotsman train from London to Edinburgh, also featuring the famous locomotive LNER Class A34472 Flying Scotsman. Directed by Castleton Knight, the thriller is chiefly remembered for being the first acting role of Ray Milland, engine driver Bob is due to retire from his job after years of distinguished service. On Bobs last day working aboard the famous Flying Scotsman, a fireman, dismissed after being reported for drinking at work. Meanwhile, the firemans amorous young replacement has fallen in love with a girl, whose father, unbeknown to him. The film is notable for being the first lead role of Welsh actor Ray Milland, who went on to stardom in Hollywood during the 1940s. Milland, then appearing under his name of Alfred Jones, was spotted by director Castleton Knight while he was working as an extra on The Informer which was being shot on a neighbouring stage. Milland, in his autobiography, recalls that it was on film that it was suggested he adopt his stage name. Milland starred in two further Knight-directed films, The Lady from the Sea and The Plaything, Pauline Johnson was a leading British silent actress of her age, although appeared in few films after 1930. Moore Marriott was only 41 when he appeared in the film and this locomotive was extensively used by the LNER for promotional purposes, having been a star of the 1924 British Empire Exhibition and breaking a number of speed records. At the time of its appearance in film, the locomotive is technically an A1. The locomotive is the member of its class to have been preserved. All of the stunts were filmed on the locomotive with the actors. Most dangerously, at one point actress Pauline Johnson walks along the edge of the moving train wearing high heeled shoes, the notice stated For the purposes of the film, dramatic licence has been taken in regard to the safety equipment used on The Flying Scotsman. Film historian John Huntley claimed that Gresley subsequently forbade any further filming on the LNER, along with Alfred Hitchcocks Blackmail, this was one of the first British sound films. Like that film, it was intended to be a silent film. As a result, early scenes feature speech captions and music instead of recorded voices and it is unclear whether it was initially released with sound, with some film historians such as John Huntley claiming it predates Blackmail to be the earliest British sound film. The BFI film database claims that the soundtrack was added in March 1930, the Flying Scotsman at the Internet Movie Database The Flying Scotsman at SilentEra Review of restored 2011 DVD release
16.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
17.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
18.
Universal Studios
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
19.
Three Smart Girls
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Three Smart Girls is a 1936 American musical comedy film directed by Henry Koster and starring Barbara Read, Nan Grey, Deanna Durbin, and Ray Milland. The film, Durbins feature film debut, had a screenplay by Adele Comandini and Austin Parker, the three plot to bring their divorced parents back together again. It began an era of successful Deanna Durbin musicals and spawned two sequels, Three Smart Girls Grow Up and Hers to Hold. Three Smart Girls at the Internet Movie Database Three Smart Girls at the TCM Movie Database Three Smart Girls at AllMovie
20.
The Jungle Princess
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The Jungle Princess is a 1936 American adventure film directed by Wilhelm Thiele starring Dorothy Lamour and Ray Milland. Christopher Powell is in Malaya with his fiancée and her father, while out hunting, he is attacked by a tiger, and his native guides run away, leaving him for dead. But the tiger is the pet of Ulah, a young woman who grew up by herself in the jungle. She rescues Chris and takes him back to her cave, where she nurses him to health, when he eventually returns to camp, she follows. The fiancée is jealous, and the natives do not like Ulah or her pet tiger either, musical comedy movie series beginning four years later. The Indonesian film Terang Boelan was partially inspired by The Jungle Princess, the Jungle Princess at the Internet Movie Database The Jungle Princess at AllMovie Jungle Princess film clip on YouTube Original german handbill from 1939
21.
Dorothy Lamour
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Dorothy Lamour was an American actress and singer. She is best remembered for appearing in the Road to, movies, a series of successful comedies starring Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. Lamour began her career in the 1930s as a big band singer, in 1936, she moved to Hollywood where she signed with Paramount Pictures. Her appearance as Ulah in The Jungle Princess brought her fame, in 1940, Lamour made her first Road to. Films were popular during the 1940s, the sixth film in the series, Road to Bali, was released in 1952. By that time, Lamours screen career began to wane, and she focused on stage, in 1961, Crosby and Hope teamed up for one more, The Road to Hong Kong, but actress Joan Collins was cast as the female lead. Lamour made an appearance and sang a song near the end of that film. In the 1970s, Lamour revived her nightclub act and, in 1980 and she made her final onscreen appearance in 1987. Lamour married her husband, William Ross Howard III, in 1943. They had two sons and remained married until Howards death in 1978, Lamour died at her home in 1996, at the age of 81. Born Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton in New Orleans, the daughter of Carmen Louise and John Watson Slaton, Lamour was of French Louisianan, Spanish, and Irish descent. Her parents marriage lasted only a few years and her mother married for the second time to Clarence Lambour, whose surname Dorothy later adopted and modified as her stage name. That marriage also ended in divorce when Dorothy was a teenager, Lamour quit school at the age of 14 and, after taking a business course, worked as a secretary to support herself and her mother. She began entering beauty pageants and was crowned Miss New Orleans in 1931, Lamour used the prize money to support herself while she worked in a stock theatre company. She and her mother moved to Chicago where Lamour found a job working at Marshall Fields department store. She was discovered by orchestra leader Herbie Kay when he spotted her in performance at a Chicago talent show held at the Hotel Morrison, Kay hired her as a singer for his orchestra and, in 1935, Lamour went on tour with Kay. Her work with Kay eventually led Lamour to vaudeville and work in radio, in 1935, she had her own fifteen-minute weekly musical program on NBC Radio. Lamour also sang on the popular Rudy Vallee radio show and The Chase, on January 30,1944, Lamour starred in For This We Live, an episode of Silver Theater on CBS radio
22.
The Major and the Minor
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The Major and the Minor is a 1942 American comedy film starring Ginger Rogers and Ray Milland. It was the first American film directed by Billy Wilder, the screenplay by Wilder and Charles Brackett is based on the play Connie Goes Home by Edward Childs Carpenter. After her client Albert Osborne makes a pass at her, Susan Applegate quits her job as a scalp massager for the Revigorous System and decides to leave New York City and return home to Stevenson, Iowa. Upon arriving at the station, she discovers she has only enough money to cover a childs fare. When the train is detained by flooding on the tracks, Philips fiancée Pamela Hill and her father, his commanding officer at the academy where he teaches. Pamela boards the train and finds Su-Su sleeping in the berth in his compartment. Imagining the worst, she accuses Philip of being unfaithful and reports his alleged infidelity to her father, indignant, and still feeling protective of Su-Su, Philip insists on bringing her to the school where her parents can retrieve her. The Hills, meeting Su-Su in person and now believing that she is only 12 years old, Pamelas teenaged sister Lucy immediately sees through Susans disguise. She promises to keep her secret if Susan will help her sabotage Pamelas efforts to keep Philip at the academy instead of allowing him to fulfill his wish to be assigned to active duty. Pretending to be Pamela, Susan calls one of Pamelas Washington, D. C. connections, Susan becomes popular with the young students, especially cadet Clifford Osborne, unaware he is the son of the client who prompted her to quit her job. When the elder Osborne visits the school, he recognizes Susan and reveals her identity to Pamela, Susan returns home, but continues to fantasize about Philip, much to the dismay of her fiancé Will Duffy. When Philip stops to visit her on his way to California to report for duty, she pretends to be her own mother. Wilder was determined to make a film that would be a box office success so he wouldnt be relegated to a typewriter for the rest of his career. Their dialogue includes the oft-quoted line Why dont you get out of that wet coat, Rogers recently had won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Kitty Foyle and now was in a position to select her own director. Agent Leland Hayward represented both Rogers and Wilder, who asked him to intercede with her on his behalf, and she agreed, and she and the screenwriters met during the filming of Roxie Hart. They pitched the film during lunch at an Italian restaurant, and Rogers later recalled Wilder was charming, ive always been a good judge of character. I decided then and there that we would get along and that he had the qualities to become a good director, I felt he would be strong, and that he would listen. He certainly understood how to pay attention to a woman, what also appealed to Rogers was the basic concept of the film
23.
The Big Clock (film)
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The Big Clock is a 1948 crime drama film noir directed by John Farrow and adapted by renowned novelist-screenwriter Jonathan Latimer from the novel of the same name by Kenneth Fearing. The black-and-white film is set in New York City and stars Ray Milland, elsa Lanchester and Charles Laughton appear in the film, as does Harry Morgan, in an early film role, listed in the credits as Henry Morgan, as a hired thug. Noel Neill has a part as an elevator operator very early in the film. The story is told in flashback, Stroud is eager to spend more time with his wife and plans a long-postponed vacation from his job. He sticks to those plans despite being fired for it by his tyrannical publishing boss, when Stroud misses their scheduled train, his wife angrily leaves without him, so he begins drinking and spends the evening out on the town with York. Later that night, Janoth spots a man leaving Yorks apartment, although Strouds evening with York had ended platonically, Janoth assumes otherwise, leading to a quarrel which ends when he murders her. Janoth determines to locate the man he had seen leaving the apartment, ironically, Janoth re-hires Stroud to lead the effort to find the man. Meanwhile, he must also carry out his own investigation to gather the evidence necessary to prove who the real murderer is. Morgans screen name later would become Henry Harry Morgan and eventually Harry Morgan, paramount bought the rights to the novel before publication. The purchase price was a reported $45,000, Jonathan Latimer was assigned to write the script and Ray Milland to star. Leslie Fenton was announced as director but he was held up on Saigon so John Farrow took over, Charles Laughton was cast as the villain. This was Maureen OSullivans first film in five years, since Tarzans New York Adventure and she did it as a favor for her husband, director John Farrow. Film writer David M. Meyer calls The Big Clock, More screwball comedy than noir, The Big Clocks big moments derive from snappy dialogue, in 2001, the American Film Institute nominated this film for AFIs 100 Years.100 Thrills. The story was remade in 1987 as No Way Out with Kevin Costner, the 1948 film is closer to the novel. The 1987 remake, on the hand, updated the events to the United States Department of Defense in Washington D. C. during the Cold War
24.
The Thief (1952 film)
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The Thief is a 1952 American film noir crime film directed by Russell Rouse and starring Ray Milland. Its the third in a series of six classic film noir productions scripted by Rouse, the film is unusual because there is no principal actor dialogue spoken. The film is nearly fully orchestrated by Gilbert, Ray Milland plays Dr. Allan Fields, a nuclear physicist who works for the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington, D. C. But Fields is also a spy working for a foreign power. Now scared and paranoid, Fields stays overnight in the safe house, after Fields has been so signaled by his case officer, his trail eventually leads to the Empire State Building. While at the 86th-floor observation deck, Fields meets his contact, Fields finally breaks down after realizing what he has done, destroys his escape, and surrenders to the FBI the next day. Their effort is a tour de force. For, generally speaking, theirs is a spy melodrama in which language would appear to be redundant, aside from its novelty, The thief has its fair share of attributes. The musical score by Herschel Gilbert is insidiously suggestive in creating atmosphere as well as indicating the emotions of the principals, and, above all, Russell Rouse, who also directed, has gotten a sensitive and towering performance from Ray Milland in the title role. The staff at Variety magazine reviewed the film positively and they wrote, This has an offbeat approach to film story-telling, a good spy plot and a strong performance by Ray Milland. More recently, film critic Dennis Schwartz gave the film a mixed review and he wrote, Russell Rouse directs and co-writes this unique but tedious spy/Red Scare thriller set in New York City. What we get is a mood piece through the excellent dark visuals delivered by cinematographer Sam Leavitt. The Thief at the Internet Movie Database The Thief at AllMovie The Thief at the TCM Movie Database The Thief informational site and DVD review at DVD Beaver The Thief film scene on YouTube
25.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
26.
Gene Tierney
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Gene Eliza Tierney was an American film and stage actress. Acclaimed as a beauty, she became established as a leading lady. Tierney was born on November 19,1920 in Brooklyn, New York, the family owned a brownstone at 900 St. Marks Avenue, which was at the time a fashionable street in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn. She was named after an uncle, who died young. She had a brother, Howard Sherwood “Butch” Tierney, Jr. Their father was an insurance broker of Irish descent, their mother a former physical education instructor. Tierney attended St. Margarets School in Waterbury, Connecticut, and she published her first poem, entitled Night, in the school magazine and wrote poetry occasionally throughout her life. Tierney played Jo in a student production of Little Women, based on the novel by Louisa May Alcott, Tierney spent two years in Europe, attending Brillantmont International School in Lausanne, Switzerland, where she learned to speak fluent French. She returned to the U. S. in 1938 and attended Miss Porters School in Farmington, on a family trip to the West Coast, she visited Warner Bros. studios, where a cousin worked as a producer of historical short films. Director Anatole Litvak, taken by the 17-year-old’s beauty, told her that she should become an actress. Warner Bros. wanted to sign her to a contract, but her parents advised against it because of the low salary. Tierneys society debut occurred on September 24,1938, when she was 17 years old, soon bored with society life, she decided to pursue an acting career. Her father said, “If Gene is to be an actress and she became a protégée of Broadway producer-director George Abbott. In Tierneys first role on Broadway, she carried a bucket of water across the stage in What a Life, a Variety magazine critic declared, Miss Tierney is certainly the most beautiful water carrier Ive ever seen. She also worked as an understudy in The Primrose Path, the following year, she appeared in the role of Molly ODay in the Broadway production Mrs. OBrien Entertains. The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson wrote, As an Irish maiden fresh from the old country, Gene Tierney in her first stage performance is very pretty and that same year, Tierney appeared as Peggy Carr in Ring Two to favorable reviews. Theater critic Richard Watts, Jr. of the New York Herald Tribune wrote, I see no reason why Miss Tierney should not have a theatrical career – that is
27.
Grace Kelly
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Grace Patricia Kelly was an American actress who became Princess of Monaco after marrying Prince Rainier III, in April 1956. In October 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in the film Mogambo, which won her a Golden Globe Award, subsequently, she had leading roles in five films, including The Country Girl, for which her deglamorized performance earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. Kelly retired from acting at the age of 26 to marry Rainier and they had three children, Caroline, Albert II, and Stéphanie. Kelly retained her American roots, maintaining dual U. S. and she died on September 14,1982, a day after suffering a stroke while driving her car, which caused a crash. Kelly was born on November 12,1929, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family. Her father, Irish-American John B. Kelly Sr. had won three Olympic gold medals for sculling and owned a successful brickwork contracting company that was well-known on the East Coast. A registered Democrat, he was nominated to be mayor of Philadelphia for the 1935 election, in later years, he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness. Kellys mother was Philadelphia native Margaret Katherine Majer, the daughter of German immigrants, Margaret had taught physical education at the University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach womens athletics at the institution. She was noted for her beauty and modeled for a time in her youth, after marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations. Kelly had two siblings, Margaret and John Jr. and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Roman Catholic faith, while attending Ravenhill Academy, a prestigious Catholic girls school, Kelly modeled fashions at local social events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead in Dont Feed the Animals, before graduating in May 1947 from Stevens School, a socially prominent private institution on Walnut Lane in the Northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Germantown, she acted and danced. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten, written in the Stevens Prophecy section was, Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen. Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947, despite her parents initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of being an actress. John was particularly displeased with her decision, he viewed acting as a cut above streetwalker. To start her career, she auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admission officer, Emile Diestel, and was admitted through the influence of George. She began her first term the following October, while at school, she lived in Manhattans Barbizon Hotel for Women, a prestigious establishment which barred men from entering after 10 pm, and she worked as a model to support her studies. Kelly worked diligently and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder and her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, most notably a Broadway debut in Strindbergs The Father alongside Raymond Massey
28.
Lana Turner
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Lana Turner was an American actress. Over the course of her nearly fifty-year career, Turner would achieve notoriety as both a model and a serious dramatic actress, as well as for her highly publicized personal life. In 1951, she was named the most glamorous woman in the history of international art, Turner was discovered in 1937 by William R. Wilkerson, founder of The Hollywood Reporter. At the age of 16, she was signed to a contract by Warner Bros. director Mervyn LeRoy. Turner attracted attention in her first film, LeRoys They Wont Forget and her auburn hair was bleached blonde for a 1939 film at MGM, and she remained blonde for the rest of her life, except for a few film roles. During the early 1940s, Turner established herself as an actress in such films as Johnny Eager, Honky Tonk, Ziegfeld Girl. She appeared in the 1941 horror film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and her popularity continued through the 1950s in such films as The Bad and the Beautiful and Peyton Place, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Turners next film, Imitation of Life, proved to be one of the greatest financial successes of her career, Turner spent most of the 1970s and early 1980s in semiretirement, only working occasionally. In 1982, she accepted a much publicized and lucrative recurring guest role in the television series Falcon Crest, Turner made her final film appearance in 1985, and died from throat cancer in 1995, aged 74. Lana Turner was born Julia Jean Turner on February 8,1921, in the mining town of Wallace. She was of Dutch, English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, until her film career took off, young Julia Turner was known to family and friends as Judy. Turner expressed interest in performance at an age, performing short routines at her fathers Elks chapter in Wallace. Hard times eventually forced the family to relocate to San Francisco, California, on December 14,1930, her father won some money at a traveling craps game, stuffed his winnings in his left sock, and headed for home. He was later murdered on the corner of Minnesota and Mariposa Streets, on the edge of San Franciscos Potrero Hill. The robbery and homicide were never solved, Turner attended a Catholic church in Stockton, California with a local family. She converted to Catholicism taking the saints names Mildred Frances after her mother, in the mid-1930s, Mildred developed health problems and was advised by her doctor to move to a drier climate, she moved to Los Angeles with her daughter in 1936. Mildred and Lana were very poor, and Turner was sometimes separated from her mother and her mother worked eighty hours a week as a beautician to support them. After Turner was discovered, her mother became the overseer of her career, Turners discovery in Hollywood is considered by film historians to be a show-business legend
29.
Marlene Dietrich
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Marie Magdalene Marlene Dietrich was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her unusually long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, in the 1920s in Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel brought her international fame, Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco, Shanghai Express, and Desire. She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received honors from the United States, France, Belgium. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 on Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. She was the younger of two daughters of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898, Dietrichs mother was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock making firm. Her father was a lieutenant who died in 1907. Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, Dietrichs family nicknamed her Lena and Lene. Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name Marlene, Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls School from 1907 to 1917 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule in 1918. She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed by a wrist injury and she was fired after only four weeks. Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments. She did not attract any attention at first. She made her film debut playing a bit part in the film The Little Napoleon and she met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of Tragödie der Liebe in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923
30.
Ginger Rogers
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Ginger Rogers was an American actress, dancer, and singer. She is known for her performances in films and RKOs musical films in which Fred Astaire was partened with her and she appeared on stage, as well as on radio and television, throughout much of the 20th century. Born in Independence, Missouri, and raised in Kansas City, Rogers and her family moved to Fort Worth, Texas, after winning a dance contest that launched a successful vaudeville career, she gained recognition as a Broadway actress for her debut stage role in Girl Crazy. This success led to a contract with Paramount Pictures, which ended after five films, Rogers had her first successful film role as a supporting actress in 42nd Street. Throughout the 1930s, Rogers made 10 films with Astaire, among which were some of her biggest successes, such as Swing Time, after two commercial failures with Astaire, Rogers began to branch out into dramatic films and comedies. Her acting was received by critics and audiences, and she became one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1940s. Her performance in Kitty Foyle won her the Academy Award for Best Actress, Rogers remained successful throughout the 1940s and at one point was Hollywoods highest-paid actress, but her popularity had peaked by the end of the decade. She reunited with Astaire in 1949 in the commercially successful The Barkleys of Broadway, after an unsuccessful period through the 1950s, Rogers made a successful return to Broadway in 1965, playing the lead role in Hello, Dolly. More lead roles on Broadway followed, along with her directorial debut in 1985 on an off-Broadway production of Babes in Arms. Rogers also made acting appearances until 1987. In 1992, Rogers was recognized at the Kennedy Center Honors and she died of a heart attack in 1995, at the age of 83. A Republican and a devout Christian Scientist, Rogers was married five times, with all of her marriages ending in divorce, during her long career, Rogers made 73 films, and her musical films with Fred Astaire are credited with revolutionizing their genre. Rogers was successful during the Golden Age of Hollywood, and is considered an American icon. She ranks number 14 on the AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars list of stars of classic American cinema. Rogers was born Virginia Katherine McMath on July 16,1911, in her mothers rented home at 100 Moore Street, Independence and she was the only living child of William Eddins McMath, an electrical engineer, and his wife, Lela Emogene. She was of Scottish, Welsh, and English ancestry and her mother did not want her born in a hospital, having lost a previous child there. Her parents had separated shortly after she was born, but her grandparents, Walter and Saphrona Owens, after unsuccessfully trying to become a family again, McMath kidnapped his daughter twice. Rogers said that she never saw her father again
31.
Jane Wyman
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Jane Wyman was an American actress, singer, dancer and philanthropist whose career spanned seven decades. She was also the first wife of 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan, they married in 1940, Wymans career began in 1932 when she signed with Warner Bros. at age 16. She was also featured opposite Rock Hudson in Magnificent Obsession and All That Heaven Allows and she received an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Johnny Belinda, and was a three-time winner of a Golden Globe. She achieved continuing success in the soap opera Falcon Crest, in which Wyman played the lead role of villainous matriarch. Jane Wyman was born Sarah Jane Mayfield on January 5,1917 in St Joseph, Missouri, to Gladys Hope and her father was a meal company laborer and her mother was a doctors stenographer and office assistant. Wyman was the child of this union and had no biological siblings. This may be in reference to her foster parents children, Wymans biological parents were married in March 1916 in Jackson County, Missouri, and Wyman was born in January 1917. The 1920 census shows her to still be the child from the marriage. The Mayfields divorced the following year, although her birthdate has been widely reported for many years as January 4,1914, research by biographers and genealogists indicates she actually was born 3 years later. The most likely reason for the 1914 year of birth is that she added to her age so as to be able to work and she may have moved her birthday back by one day to January 4 so as to share the same birthday as her daughter, Maureen. The 1920 census, though, has her at three and living in Philadelphia, after Wymans death, a release posted on her official website confirmed these details. In October 1921, her mother filed for divorce, and her father died unexpectedly the following year at age 27. After her fathers death, her moved to Cleveland, Ohio, leaving her to be reared by foster parents, Emma and Richard D. Fulks. She took their surname unofficially, including in her school records and her unsettled family life resulted in few pleasurable memories. Wyman later said, I was raised with such strict discipline that it was years before I could reason out of the bitterness I brought from my childhood. In 1928, aged 11, she moved to southern California with her foster mother, in 1930, the two moved back to Missouri, where Sarah Jane attended Lafayette High School in Saint Joseph. That same year, she began a singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birthdate to work legally. She signed a contract with Warner Brothers in 1936, by the time she starred in Public Wedding in 1937, she had already changed her professional name to match the name she had acquired from her first marriage, Jane Wyman
32.
Loretta Young
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Loretta Young was an American actress. Starting as an actress, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953. She won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the 1947 film The Farmers Daughter, Young moved to the relatively new medium of television, where she had a dramatic anthology series, The Loretta Young Show, from 1953 to 1961. The series earned three Emmy Awards and was rerun successfully on daytime TV and later in syndication, in the 1980s Young returned to the small screen and won a Golden Globe for her role in Christmas Eve in 1986. Young, a devout Roman Catholic, worked with various Catholic charities after her acting career and she was born Gretchen Young in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of Gladys and John Earle Young. At confirmation, she took the name Michaela, when she was two years old, her parents separated, and when she was three, she and her family moved to Hollywood. She and her sisters Polly Ann and Elizabeth Jane worked as child actresses, Youngs first role was at the age of three, in the silent film The Primrose Ring. During her high school years, she was educated at Ramona Convent Secondary School and she was signed to a contract by John McCormick, the husband and manager of the actress Colleen Moore, who saw the young girls potential. The name Loretta was given to her by Moore, who explained that it was the name of her favorite doll. Young was billed as Gretchen Young in the silent film Sirens of the Sea and it was not until 1928 that she was first billed as Loretta Young, in The Whip Woman. That same year she co-starred with Lon Chaney in the MGM film Laugh, Clown, the next year she was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars. In 1930, when she was 17, she eloped with the 26-year-old actor Grant Withers, they were married in Yuma, the marriage was annulled the next year, just as their second movie together was released. In 1935, she co-starred with Clark Gable and Jack Oakie in the version of Jack Londons The Call of the Wild. During World War II, Young made Ladies Courageous, the story of the Womens Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron. It depicted a unit of pilots who flew bomber planes from the factories to their final destinations. Young made as many as eight movies a year, in 1947 she won an Oscar for her performance in The Farmers Daughter. That same year she co-starred with Cary Grant and David Niven in The Bishops Wife, in 1949 she received another Academy Award nomination for Come to the Stable. Young hosted and starred in the well-received half-hour anthology television series Letter to Loretta and she earned three Emmy awards for the program
33.
Veronica Lake
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Veronica Lake was an American film, stage, and television actress. Lake won both popular and critical acclaim, most notably for her role in Sullivans Travels and for her femme fatale roles in film noirs with Alan Ladd and she was also well known for her peek-a-boo hairstyle. Lakes career had begun to decline by the late 1940s, in due to her alcoholism. She made only one film in the 1950s but appeared in several guest-starring roles on television and she returned to the screen in 1966 with a role in the film Footsteps In the Snow, but the role failed to revitalize her career. Lake released her memoirs, Veronica, The Autobiography of Veronica Lake and she used the money she made from the book to finance a low-budget horror film Flesh Feast. It was her final onscreen role, Lake died in July 1973 from hepatitis and acute kidney injury at the age of 50. Lake was born Constance Frances Marie Ockelman in the New York City borough of Brooklyn and her father, Harry Eugene Ockelman, was of German and Irish descent, and worked for an oil company aboard a ship. He died in an explosion in Philadelphia in 1932. Lakes mother, Constance Frances Charlotta, of Irish descent, married Anthony Keane, a staff artist, also of Irish descent, in 1933. Lake later claimed she attended McGill University and did a course for a year. But when her father fell ill during her year, the Keane family later moved to Miami. Lake attended Miami High School, where she was known for her beauty and she had a troubled childhood and was diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to her mother. In 1938, the Keanes moved to Beverly Hills, where Lake enrolled in the Bliss-Hayden School of Acting and she made friends with a girl called Gwen Horn, and accompanied her when Horn went to audition at RKO. She was briefly contracted to MGM and studied at that studios acting farm and she appeared in the play Thought for Food in January 1939. In She Made Her Bed, the critic from the Los Angeles Times called her a fetching little trick. She also appeared as an extra in a number of movies, Keanes first appearance on screen was for RKO, playing a small role among several coeds in the film Sorority House. The part wound up being cut out of the film but she was encouraged to continue, similar roles followed, including All Women Have Secrets, Young as Your Feel, Forty Little Mothers and Dancing Co-Ed. Forty Little Mothers was the first time she let her hair down on screen and she attracted the interest of Fred Wilcox, an assistant director, who shot a test scene of Lake performing from a play and showed it to an agent
34.
Wales
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Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and it had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2. Wales has over 1,680 miles of coastline and is mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon. The country lies within the temperate zone and has a changeable. Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, Llywelyn ap Gruffudds death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of Englands conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism, Welsh national feeling grew over the century, Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, two-thirds of the population live in south Wales, mainly in and around Cardiff, Swansea and Newport, and in the nearby valleys. Now that the countrys traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales economy depends on the sector, light and service industries. Wales 2010 gross value added was £45.5 billion, over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the land of song, Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. The Old English-speaking Anglo-Saxons came to use the term Wælisc when referring to the Celtic Britons in particular, the modern names for some Continental European lands and peoples have a similar etymology. The modern Welsh name for themselves is Cymry, and Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales and these words are descended from the Brythonic word combrogi, meaning fellow-countrymen. The use of the word Cymry as a self-designation derives from the location in the post-Roman Era of the Welsh people in modern Wales as well as in northern England and southern Scotland. It emphasised that the Welsh in modern Wales and in the Hen Ogledd were one people, in particular, the term was not applied to the Cornish or the Breton peoples, who are of similar heritage, culture, and language to the Welsh. The word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century and it is attested in a praise poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan c. 633. Thereafter Cymry prevailed as a reference to the Welsh, until c.1560 the word was spelt Kymry or Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. The Latinised forms of names, Cambrian, Cambric and Cambria, survive as lesser-used alternative names for Wales, Welsh
35.
Hussar
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A Hussar was a member of any one of several types of light cavalry used during the 18th and 19th centuries, beginning in Central Europe. Historically, the term derives from the cavalry of late medieval Hungary, the title and distinctive dress of these horsemen were subsequently widely adopted by light cavalry regiments in European and European colonial armies in the late 17th and 18th centuries. A number of armored or ceremonial mounted units in modern armies retain the designation of hussars, the first written mention of the word Hussarones has been found in documents dating from 1432 in Southern Hungary. A type of light horsemen was already well-established by the 15th century in medieval Hungary. Etymologists are divided over the derivation of the word hussar, byzantinist scholars argue that the term originated in Roman military practice, and the cursarii. 10th-century Byzantine military manuals mention chonsarioi, light cavalry, recruited in the Balkans, especially Serbs and this word was subsequently reintroduced to Western European military practice after its original usage had been lost with the collapse of Rome in the west. According to Websters Dictionary, the word stems from the Hungarian huszár. On the other hand, husz means twenty in Hungarian whilst ar is a unit of measurement or acre. Hussars are so named as they were a form of military levy whereby any land owner with twenty acres was duty bound to provide a mounted and equipped soldier to the army at their own expense. The elaborate uniforms were based on traditional Magyar horsemans clothes with highly braided, tight riding breeches, close fitting pointed boots, the hussars reportedly originated in bands of mostly Serbian warriors, crossing into southern Hungary after the Ottoman conquest of Serbia at the end of the 14th century. Regent-Governor John Hunyadi created mounted units inspired by the Ottomans and his son, Matthias Corvinus, later king of Hungary, is unanimously accepted as the creator of these troops, commonly called Rac. Initially, they fought in bands, but were reorganised into larger. The first hussar regiments comprised the cavalry of the Black Army of Hungary. Under Corvinus command, the took part in the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1485 and proved successful against the sipahis as well as against the Bohemians. After the kings death, in 1490, hussars became the form of cavalry in Hungary in addition to the heavy cavalry. The Habsburg emperors hired Hungarian hussars as mercenaries to serve against the Ottomans, early hussars wore armor when they could afford to it like the later Polish hussars. Hungarian hussars abandoned using shields and later armors and became entirely light cavalry in the first half of the 17th century, initially the first units of Polish hussars in the Kingdom of Poland were formed in 1500, influenced by Serbian mercenaries. A small number of Serbian mercenaries were recruited and became citizens of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Polish heavy hussars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were far more manoeuvrable than the heavily armoured lancers previously employed
36.
Second Boer War
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The Second Boer War, usually known as the Boer War and also at the time as the South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Great Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India. All other nations were neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to Britain, inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. The British were overconfident and under-prepared, the Boers were very well armed and struck first, besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, the British brought in numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener and they relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland, the British quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over, Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a khaki election to give the government another six years of power in London. However, the Boers refused to surrender and they reverted to guerrilla warfare under new generals Louis Botha, Jan Smuts, Christiaan de Wet and Koos de la Rey. Two more years of attacks and quick escapes followed. As guerrillas without uniforms, the Boer fighters easily blended into the farmlands, which provided hiding places, supplies, the British solution was to set up complex nets of block houses, strong points, and barbed wire fences, partitioning off the entire conquered territory. The civilian farmers were relocated into concentration camps, where very large proportions died of disease, especially the children, then the British mounted infantry units systematically tracked down the highly mobile Boer guerrilla units. The battles at this stage were small operations with few combat casualties The war ended in surrender, the British successfully won over the Boer leaders, who now gave full support to the new political system. Both former republics were incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910, the conflict is commonly referred to as simply the Boer War, since the First Boer War is much less well known. Boer was the term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Companys original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope. It is officially called the South African War and it is known as the Anglo-Boer War among some South Africans. In Afrikaans it may be called the Anglo-Boereoorlog, Tweede Boereoorlog, in South Africa it is officially called the South African War
37.
Siege of Mafeking
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The Siege of Mafeking was a 217-day siege battle for the town of Mafeking in South Africa during the Second Boer War from October 1899 to May 1900. The siege received considerable attention as Lord Edward Cecil, the son of the British Prime Minister, was besieged in the town, the siege turned the British commander, Colonel Robert Baden-Powell, into a national hero. The relief of Mafeking, while of little significance, was a morale boost for the struggling British. As well, the town had good stocks of food and other necessities, however, Mafeking was isolated, exposed and close to Boer controlled areas. Baden-Powell, whose orders were to command a highly mobile force of cavalry. Consequently, he chose to immobilize half his force to hold Mafeking against a Boer attack, however, contrary to Baden-Powells claims, his forces that remained outside the besieged town showed they were well trained as they performed remarkably well in their intended mobile role. The British garrison armed 300 African natives with rifles, were nicknamed the Black Watch and used to guard the perimeter. Prior to the siege, Lord Edward Cecil formed the Mafeking Cadet Corps of boys aged 12 to 15 who acted as messengers and orderlies and released men to fight. Work to build defences around the 6-mile perimeter of Mafeking started on 19 September 1899, president Kruger of the Boer South African Republic declared war on 12 October 1899. Under orders of General Cronje the Mafeking railway and telegraph lines were cut the day. Mafeking was first shelled on 16 October after the British commanders ignored Cronjes 9 oclock deadline to surrender, Colonel Baden-Powell had postage stamps printed with his own picture on them. In late 1899, he authorized the printing of siege banknotes, made by Townshend & Son, Printers using woodcut printing, notes were backed by the Standard Bank of South Africa and issued in denominations of 1,2,3, and 10 shillings, and 1 pound. Each note has the signatures of Robert Urry, Standard Bank of South Africa and Captain Herbert Greener. Redemption of the notes ended in 1908, although usually outnumbered by Boer troops, the garrison withstood the siege for 217 days, defying the predictions of the politicians on both sides. In reality, the Boers risked little to tie up Baden-Powells force and stores, while at one time the Boer troops numbered over 8,000 and more artillery was briefly brought up, most of these were merely moving through the siege camp. The Boers were able to control of the railway and roads just outside the town. Baden-Powell remained invested in the town despite repeated orders and, for most of the time until he ate his own horses, having the capacity to break out. As the siege drew on, it became apparent to the Boers that mounting public pressure in Britain would force attempted relief of Mafeking, tying up far more British forces, with few soldiers, no modern artillery and little risk, the Boers tied up enormous British forces
38.
Cardiff
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Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is the chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media. The unitary authority areas mid-2011 population was estimated to be 346,100, the Cardiff metropolitan area makes up over a third of the total population of Wales, with a mid-2011 population estimate of about 1,100,000 people. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographics alternative tourist destinations, the city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan. Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities, the Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city. Cardiff was made a city in 1905, and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955, since the 1980s, Cardiff has seen significant development. A new waterfront area at Cardiff Bay contains the Senedd building, home to the Welsh Assembly, sporting venues in the city include the Millennium Stadium, SWALEC Stadium, Cardiff City Stadium, Cardiff International Sports Stadium and Cardiff Arms Park. The city was awarded the title of European City of Sport twice, due to its role in hosting major sporting events, first in 2009. The Millennium Stadium hosted 11 football matches as part of the 2012 Summer Olympics, including the opening event. Caerdydd derives from the earlier Welsh form Caerdyf, the change from -dyf to -dydd shows the colloquial alteration of Welsh f and dd, and was perhaps also driven by folk etymology. This sound change had probably first occurred in the Middle Ages, Caerdyf has its origins in post-Roman Brythonic words meaning the fort of the Taff. The fort probably refers to that established by the Romans, the anglicised form Cardiff is derived from Caerdyf, with the Welsh f borrowed as ff /f/, as also happens in Taff and Llandaff. As English does not have the vowel the final vowel has been borrowed as /ɪ/, although some sources repeat this theory, it has been rejected on linguistic grounds by modern scholars such as Professor Gwynedd Pierce. A group of five Bronze Age tumuli is at the summit of The Garth, four Iron Age hill fort and enclosure sites have been identified within Cardiffs present-day county boundaries, including Caerau Hillfort, an enclosed area of 5.1 hectares. The fort was one of a series of military outposts associated with Isca Augusta that acted as border defences, the fort may have been abandoned in the early 2nd century as the area had been subdued. However, by this time a settlement, or vicus, was established
39.
National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom
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The National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom is the governing body of full bore rifle and pistol shooting sports in the United Kingdom. The National Rifle Association was founded in 1859, based on Putney Heath & Wimbledon Common,12 years before its better known American cousin, the Association has recently added the suffix of the United Kingdom to its website tagline. In 1890, Queen Victoria granted the NRA a Royal Charter of Incorporation, the project was shelved in July 2009. 2009 marked the 150th Anniversary of the National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom and these days the Association is primarily concerned with civilian full-bore target rifle shooting, although retaining its military heritage and close links with the British Armed Forces. The original centre was at Wimbledon, but in the late 1880s the National Rifle Association began searching for a new site, in early 1888 it seemed that Cannock Chase was to be selected from several locations under consideration. The principal ranges used at Bisley today are as laid out in 1890 to accommodate modern full-bore rifle shooting. Century Range provides 108 points at distances up to 600 yards, stickledown Range is the largest long range in the UK with 50 targets and firing points from 800 to 1200 yards. There is also the Short Siberia Range with points at 100 and 200 yards, there used to be a Long Siberia Range which was originally a 600-yard range. This is now used by Bisley Shooting Ground as a sporting clay Range, BSG also operate Cottesloe Heath, which lies in the danger area for Century Range and thus is subject to time limitations. The Running Deer Range has facilities for moving targets at up to 100 metres, pistol shooting is and was also well accommodated with Melville, Cheylesmore and the recently refurbished Winans ranges. The original Cheylesmore Range was opened for the 1948 Summer Olympics, recently relocated, Clay pigeon shooting has taken place at Bisley since the early 1920s. The facilities were expanded to accommodate the 2002 Commonwealth Games shooting. The NCSC offers world class facilities for DTL, Skeet, ABT, Double Trap, Bisley Shooting Ground, a commercial clay shooting operator, runs extensive sporting clay facilities on the Cottesloe Heath and Long Siberia ranges. The National Shooting Centre was one of three considered to host the shooting events for the 2012 London Olympics. Facilities for those events would have been mothballed anyway following the Games, although renovated clay pigeon, airgun, Gun safety Gun politics in the United Kingdom BASC National Rifle Association MacDonnell, R. J. The National Rifle Association, A Sketch of Its History and Progress, 1859-1876 Official website
40.
Estelle Brody
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Estelle Brody was an American actress who became one of the biggest female stars of British silent film in the latter half of the 1920s. Brody was born in New York City, and began her career as a dancer in vaudeville, after working for some time as part of a touring troupe travelling round the U. S. she moved to England in the 1920s, finding work in West End theatres. Although Brody had no acting experience, her vivaciousness was spotted by film director Thomas Bentley. She then immediately landed the role for Maurice Elvey in Mademoiselle from Armentieres. This turned out to be a popular success, running in British cinemas for several months. To Brodys great surprise, she found herself acclaimed as a new star by the British media, at the time there was a general feeling, both from critics and audiences, of dissatisfaction with what was seen as excessive American influence on British film-making. To pre-empt this, publicity material falsely claimed Brody to be a Canadian citizen and this was accepted as fact, and the misapprehension would persist throughout her career. Brody spent the remainder of the 1920s starring in a number of productions which earned her critical. Reflecting on this period in life, Brody commented, Apparently my work went over well. Her most enduring performance is considered to be in 1927s Hindle Wakes. This was the silent version of the famous, and controversial in its time, stage play by Stanley Houghton. In 1929, Brody had just finished work on the silent film Kitty, returning from New York, Brody found the British film industry in a state of flux and uncertainty on the cusp of the transition from silents to talkies. Her voice was not considered desirable by British producers at the time, when no new film offers were immediately forthcoming, she made the decision to try her luck in Hollywood. The few offers made were not the kind of roles she wished to play, disillusioned with her Hollywood experiences, Brody returned to England in the mid-1930s but did not seek to resurrect her British career. She married Robert Fenn, an agent representing actors and film composers and she also appeared occasionally in TV productions in the 1950s and early 1960s. In 1969, Brody and Fenn relocated to Malta, where spent the remainder of their lives. Brody died in Valletta on 3 June 1995, aged 94
41.
Piccadilly (film)
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Piccadilly is a 1929 British silent drama film directed by E. A. Dupont, written by Arnold Bennett and starring Gilda Gray, Anna May Wong, and Jameson Thomas. The film was filmed on location in London, produced by British International Pictures and released by Wardour Films Ltd. in the UK, in 2004, the film was re-released by Milestone Films after an extensive restoration, with music scored by Neil Brand. One night, a dissatisfied diner disrupts Mabels solo with his complaint about a dirty plate. When Wilmot investigates, he finds Shosho distracting the other dishwashers with her dancing and he fires her on the spot. After the performance, Vic tries to persuade Mabel to become his partner offstage as well as on and she coldly rebuffs him, as she is romantically involved with Wilmot. That night, Wilmot summons Vic to his office, before Wilmot can fire him, Vic quits. That turns out to be disastrous for the nightclub, the customers had come to see Vic, not Mabel. In desperation, Wilmot hires Shosho to perform a Chinese dance and she insists that her boyfriend Jim play the accompanying music. Shosho is an instant sensation, earning an ovation after her first performance. Both Mabel and Jim become jealous of the evident attraction between Shosho and Wilmot, Mabel breaks off her relationship with Wilmot. One night, Shosho invites Wilmot to be the first to see her new rooms, Mabel has followed the couple and waits outside. After Wilmot leaves, she persuades Jim to let her in and she pleads with her romantic rival to give Wilmot up, saying he is too old for her, but Shosho replies that it is Mabel who is too old, and that she will keep him. When Mabel reaches into her purse for a handkerchief, Shosho sees a pistol inside, frightened, Mabel picks up the gun, then faints. The next day, the report that Shosho has been murdered. Wilmot is charged with the crime, during the ensuing trial, he admits that the pistol is his, but refuses to divulge what happened that night. Jim testifies that Wilmot was Shoshos only visitor, then Mabel insists on telling her story. However, she can recall nothing after fainting until she found herself running in the streets, realizing that either Mabel or Jim must be lying, the judge summons Jim. By then, however, Jim has shot himself at Shoshos mausoleum, as he lies dying, he confesses he killed Shosho
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Associated British Picture Corporation
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ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943. The studio was owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969. It formed one half of an integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation. He appointed Joseph Grossman, formerly manager of the Stoll Studios, during its early years the companys most prominent work was that directed by Alfred Hitchcock, including the film Blackmail, usually regarded as the first British all-talkie. Hitchcock left the company in 1933 to work for the rival British Gaumont, the company was renamed Associated British Picture Corporation in 1933 and was now in a position to vertically integrate production, distribution and exhibition of films. Under Maxwells paternalistic management the company prospered and during 1937 it acquired British Pathé, the studio at Elstree was taken over by the government for the duration of the war, and film production was restricted to B-Pictures made at the companys smaller studio in Welwyn Garden City. This studio complex closed in 1950, of the 21 films made by ABPC during the 1950s only two were derived from original screenplays. It was a place, said Richard Attenborough when remembering ABPCs Elstree facility. It created nothing in terms of a feeling of commitment, during this period though, the company produced its best remembered titles such as The Dam Busters, and Ice Cold in Alex, whose director J. Lee Thompson was ABPCs most productive during the 1950s. Policies changed after Clark left in January 1958, new projects from the company were limited to those using contracted television comedy performers, and investment in independent productions. The use of Elstree for television production increased, later successful features from ABPC itself included several films built around the pop singer Cliff Richard, such as The Young Ones and Summer Holiday. In 1962, the company acquired 50% of the shares of Anglo-Amalgamated, the entire ABPC library is now owned by StudioCanal. Associated British Film Distributors Ltd. - usually only known by its initials, ABFD British, Warner-Pathé Distributors Ltd. from 1958 Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors. From 1962 Associated British Picture Corporation at the Internet Movie Database
