Ray Milland

Ray Milland
Milland in a publicity shot for Markham (1959–60)
Born	Alfred Reginald Jones (1907-01-03)3 January 1907 Neath, Glamorgan, Wales
Died	10 March 1986(1986-03-10) (aged 79) Torrance, California, United States
Nationality	Welsh
Other names	Raymond Milland, Spike Milland
Citizenship	British and later American (naturalised 1940s)
Education	King's College School, Cardiff
Occupation	Actor, director
Years active	1929–1985
Spouse(s)	Muriel Weber (1908–1992) (m. 1932; his death 1986)
Children	2

Ray Milland (born Alfred Reginald Jones,^{[notes 1]} 3 January 1907 – 10 March 1986)^[1] was a Welsh-American actor and film director.^[2][3] His screen career ran from 1929 to 1985, and he is best remembered for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of an alcoholic writer in The Lost Weekend (1945), a sophisticated leading man opposite a corrupt John Wayne in Reap the Wild Wind (1942), the murder-plotting husband in Dial M for Murder which was directed by Alfred Hitchcock (1954), and as Oliver Barrett III in Love Story (1970).^[4]

Before becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry of the British Army, becoming a proficient marksman, horseman, and aeroplane pilot. He left the army to follow a career in acting and appeared as an extra in several British productions before getting his first major role in The Flying Scotsman (1929). This led to a nine-month contract with MGM, and he moved to the United States, where he appeared as a stock actor. After being released by MGM, he was picked up by Paramount, which used Milland in a range of lesser speaking parts, normally as an English character. He was lent to Universal for a film called Three Smart Girls (1936), and its success had Milland given a lead role in The Jungle Princess (also 1936) alongside new starlet Dorothy Lamour. The film was a big success and catapulted both to stardom. Milland remained with Paramount for almost 20 years, and in addition to his Oscar-winning role in The Lost Weekend, he is also remembered for the films The Major and the Minor (1942), The Big Clock (1948), and The Thief (1952), the last of which had him nominated for his second Golden Globe. After leaving Paramount, he began directing, and ended his career moving into television.

Milland, who was at one time Paramount Pictures' highest-paid actor, co-starred alongside many of the most popular actresses of the time, including Gene Tierney, Grace Kelly, Lana Turner, Marlene Dietrich, Ginger Rogers, Jane Wyman, Loretta Young, and Veronica Lake.

Early life[edit]

Milland was born on 3 January 1907 in Neath, Wales, the son of Elizabeth Annie (née Truscott) and Alfred Jones, a steel mill superintendent.^{[1][5][notes 1]} Commenting about his parents' personalities, Milland wrote in his 1974 autobiography Wide-Eyed in Babylon:

My father was not a cruel or harsh man. Just a very quiet one. I think he was an incurable romantic and consequently a little afraid of his emotions and perhaps ashamed of them ... he had been a young hussar in the Boer War and had been present at the relief of Mafeking. He never held long conversations with anyone, except perhaps with me, possibly because I was the only other male in our family. The household consisted of my mother, a rather flighty and coquettish woman much concerned with propriety and what the neighbours thought.^[7]

The young Milland was schooled independently before attending the private King's College School in Cardiff.^[8] He also worked at his uncle's horse-breeding farm before leaving home at the age of 21.^[6]

Career[edit]

Early years[edit]

Prior to becoming an actor, Milland served in the Household Cavalry. An expert shot, he became a member of his company's rifle team, winning many prestigious competitions, including the Bisley Match in England. While stationed in London, Milland met dancer Margot St. Leger, and through her was introduced to American actress Estelle Brody.^[9] Brody queried Milland's commitment to an army career, which led to Milland buying himself out of the forces in 1928 in the hope of becoming an actor.^[10]

His first appearance on film was as an uncredited extra on the E.A. Dupont film Piccadilly (1929). After some unproductive extra work, which never reached the screen, he signed with a talent agent named Frank Zeitlin on the recommendation of fellow actor Jack Raine.^[10] His prowess as a marksman earned him work as an extra at the British International Pictures studio on Arthur Robison's production of The Informer (1929),^[11] the first screen version of the Liam O'Flaherty novel. While he was working on The Informer, he was asked to test for a production being shot on a neighbouring stage. Milland made a favourable impression with director Castleton Knight, and was hired for his first acting role as Jim Edwards in The Flying Scotsman (also 1929).^[12] In his autobiography, Milland recalls that on this film set, he was suggested to adopt a stage name, and he chose Milland from the "mill lands" area of his Welsh home town of Neath.^[13]

His work on The Flying Scotsman resulted in him being granted a six-month contract, in which Milland starred in two more Knight-directed films, The Lady from the Sea and The Plaything (both 1929).^[14] Believing that his acting was poor, and that he had won his film roles through his looks alone, Milland decided to gain some stage work to improve his art.^[15] After hearing that club owner Bobby Page was financing a touring company, Milland approached him in hope of work. He was given the role of second lead, in a production of Sam Shipman and Max Marcin's The Woman in Room 13. Despite being released from the play after five weeks, Milland felt that he had gained valuable acting experience.^[16]

Move to America, 1930–1932[edit]

In between stage work, Milland was approached by MGM vice-president Robert Rubin, who had seen the film The Flying Scotsman.^[17] MGM offered Milland a nine-month contract, based in Hollywood, and he accepted, leaving the United Kingdom in August 1930.^[18] MGM started Milland out as a 'stock' player, selecting him for small speaking parts in mainstream productions.^[19] Milland's first introduction to a Hollywood film resulted in a humiliating scene on the set of Son of India (1931), when the film's director Jacques Feyder berated Milland's acting in front of the entire crew.^[20] Despite this setback, the studio executives talked Milland into staying in Hollywood, and in 1930, he appeared in his first US film Passion Flower.^[21] Over the next two years, Milland appeared in minor parts for MGM, as well as a few films lent to Warner Bros., often uncredited. His largest role during this period was as Charles Laughton's nephew in Payment Deferred (1932). While in this first period working in the United States, Milland met Muriel Frances Weber, whom he always called "Mal", a student at the University of Southern California. Within eight months of first meeting, the two were married on 30 September 1932 at the Riverside Mission Inn.^[22] The couple had a son, Daniel, and a daughter, Victoria (adopted). Shortly after Payment Deferred, Milland found himself out of work when MGM failed to renew his contract. He spent five months in the US attempting to find further acting work, but after little success, and a strained relationship with his father-in-law, he decided to head back to Britain hoping that two years spent in Hollywood would lead to roles in British films.^[23] Milland cashed in his contracted first-class return ticket to Britain and found an alternative cheaper way back home. Muriel remained in the States to finish her studies, and Milland found temporary accommodation in Earl's Court in London.

Rising actor 1933–1936[edit]

Milland found life in Britain difficult with little regular work, though he finally found parts in two British films, This is the Life and Orders is Orders (both 1933).^[24] Neither was a breakthrough role. Then, in 1933, Roosevelt's reforms to the American banking sector led to a temporary weakness in the dollar, allowing Milland to afford a return to the United States.^[25] He returned to California, and found a small flat on Sunset Boulevard, promising Muriel that he would buy a home once he was financially stable. With little prospect of finding acting work, Milland took on menial jobs, including working for a bookie. He decided to find regular employment and through connections made in his time in the UK, he was offered the job of an assistant manager of a Shell gas station on Sunset and Clark.^[26] On his return from his successful Shell interview, he passed by the gates of Paramount Pictures, where he was approached by casting director Joe Egli. Paramount was filming the George Raft picture Bolero (released in February 1934), but an injury to another British actor had left the studio looking for an urgent replacement. Egli offered Milland a two-week contract, at ten times the salary the assistant job would pay. Milland took the acting role.

Dorothy Lamour, Milland's co-star in The Jungle Princess

After completing Bolero, Milland was offered a five-week guarantee by Benjamin Glazer to work on an upcoming screwball comedy starring Bing Crosby and Carole Lombard entitled We're Not Dressing (also 1934). During filming, he appeared in a scene with George Burns and Gracie Allen, which Milland recalls as falling into an "ad-libbed shambles", which he felt was better than the original script. The film's director Norman Taurog was so impressed, he rang the chief production executive and suggested that Milland be placed on a long-term contact. After a short meeting, Milland was offered a seven-year deal with Paramount. The contract gave Milland a secure income, and Muriel and he moved into an apartment on Fountain Avenue.

During his first contract with Paramount, Milland was used as part of the speaking cast, but never as a top-of-the-bill actor. He was contacted by Joe Pasternak, who was looking for an 'English' actor for the lead in his new picture, Three Smart Girls (1936). Although Pasternak worked for Universal Studios, Paramount had agreed to lend Milland out for the film.^[27] Milland was lent to Universal for Next Time We Love (also 1936), with James Stewart and Margaret Sullavan. On returning to Paramount after Three Smart Girls was wrapped, Milland was again cast in bit-part roles. He was then used as a test actor to find a new starlet for The Jungle Princess (also 1936). When the studio chose Dorothy Lamour for the lead, Milland wrote in his autobiography that Lamour was confused to find that he was not to be her male lead and she requested Milland to be her co-star. Paramount was not keen, but when Three Smart Girls was released to rave reviews, they gave Milland the role.^[28] By the end of 1936, Milland was being considered for leading roles, and Paramount rewrote his contract, resulting in the tripling of his salary.^[29]

The highly successful The Jungle Princess launched Lamour's career and was followed by two further films in the same genre, Her Jungle Love and Tropic Holiday (both 1938), which also feature Milland.

As leading man 1937–1944[edit]

After returning from a break in Europe, Milland was cast as Captain Hugh "Bulldog" Drummond in Bulldog Drummond Escapes (1937). This was followed by another lead role in The Gilded Lily, directed by Wesley Ruggles, who had started Milland out in Bolero. A heavy workload followed with Milland completing Ebb Tide (1937) for Paramount and a couple of loan-outs to Universal and Columbia Pictures. These were followed by Hotel Imperial (1939) in which Milland suffered a near-fatal accident on the set. One scene called for him to lead a cavalry charge through a small village. An accomplished horseman, Milland insisted upon doing this scene himself. As he was making a scripted jump on the horse, his saddle came loose, sending him flying straight into a pile of broken masonry. Milland awoke in hospital, where he remained for a week with a badly damaged left hand, a three-inch gash to his head, and a concussion.^[30] In the same period, Milland appeared as John Geste in Beau Geste alongside Gary Cooper and Robert Preston and Everything Happens at Night (both 1939) with Sonja Henie for 20th Century Fox.

According to Milland, a second injury to his left hand occurred in 1939. As well as horse-riding, Milland enjoyed piloting aircraft and in his early career would lend out single-seater planes.^[31] As a contracted starring actor, Paramount had insisted he give up this hobby.^[32] Instead, Milland took up woodworking and outfitted a machine shop at the back of his newly built house. While operating a circular blade, he slipped, catching one of his hands on the saw. The injury resulted in Milland losing a part of his thumb and severely damaging his tendons.^[32] Milland believed that the injury left him with only 50% usage of his hand, but within weeks of the incident, he flew to Britain to star in French Without Tears.^[33] By the time he returned to America, war was declared in Europe. The year finished with the news that Muriel was pregnant with their son Daniel.

Milland with Paulette Goddard in Reap the Wild Wind (1942)

Milland appeared in a selection of romantic comedies and dramas alongside some of the leading ladies of the time in films released in 1940, including Irene opposite Anna Neagle, Arise, My Love with Claudette Colbert, and Untamed with Patricia Morison. When the United States entered the Second World War, Milland tried to enlist in the U.S. Army Air Forces, but was rejected because of his impaired left hand. He worked as a civilian flight instructor for the Army, and toured with a United Service Organisation South Pacific troupe in 1944.

As the Second World War continued, Milland found himself now appearing in more action-orientated pictures. He starred as a wannabe pilot in I Wanted Wings (1941) with Brian Donlevy and William Holden. This was followed by Cecil B. DeMille's Reap the Wild Wind (1942) alongside John Wayne.

Milland appeared in the all-star musical Star Spangled Rhythm (1943), in which he appeared as himself singing "If Men Played Cards as Women Do" alongside Fred MacMurray, Franchot Tone, and Lynne Overman. He also made an appearance in the collaborative drama Forever and a Day. He appeared in the supernatural film The Uninvited, and the Fritz Lang film noir production Ministry of Fear (both 1944).

The Lost Weekend – 1945[edit]

The pinnacle of Milland's career and acknowledgment of his serious dramatic abilities came when he starred in The Lost Weekend (1945). Milland recalled how after returning from an emcee engagement in Peru, he found a book delivered to his home, with a note from Paramount's head of production Buddy DeSylva, which read "Read it. Study it. You're going to play it."^[34] Milland found the book unsettling and felt that its subject matter, that of an alcoholic writer, challenging and alien to him. He was also concerned that it would require 'serious acting', something that he believed he had not undertaken to that point in his career.^[35] The film was to be produced by Charles Brackett and directed by Billy Wilder, the two men also collaborating to write the screenplay.^[36] Milland had already worked with both men, having starred in the comedy The Major and the Minor (1942), and he was excited by their involvement.

Milland in character as Don Birnam in The Lost Weekend (1945)

Milland's first concern with taking on the role of Don Birnam in The Lost Weekend was that he might overact and look amateurish. After a shambolic attempt to act parts of the script while actually drunk, Milland quickly realized that he needed to understand alcoholism.^[37] After the cast and crew had arrived on location in New York, Milland was allowed to spend a night in a psychiatric ward of Bellevue Hospital, where the patients were suffering from alcoholism and delirium tremens. He found the experience extremely disturbing and left at three in the morning.^[38] Milland lost eight pounds for the role and spoke with the book's author Charles R. Jackson to gain insight into the illness.^[39] After the external shots in New York were complete, in which hidden cameras were used to capture Milland walking the streets, the crew returned to Hollywood. Milland found the set work far more challenging, knowing that the close-ups would give his acting no place to hide. Between the strain of acting and the morbidity of the subject, Milland's home life deteriorated and he left for a period of two weeks.^[40] When the shoot was over, Muriel and he left for a vacation in Canada.

Returning to filming, Milland was assigned to a historical drama called Kitty.^[41] This was followed by a romantic caper The Well-Groomed Bride opposite Olivia de Havilland. Many of the crew members on The Well-Groomed Bride had also worked on The Lost Weekend, and Milland recalled an encounter with a sound mixer, who told him he had seen a rough cut of Weekend and that not only was Milland a sure nomination for an Academy Award, but he thought he would win. Milland had not considered himself worthy of an award, but over the next few months, he thought of little else, and was desperate to be nominated. After the first preview, reaction was mixed, with Brackett stating that they had produced "something really worthwhile".^[42] Milland found the feedback to his role congratulatory but hushed, leading him to feel the film would bomb as a piece of cinema and would be seen as a social document.^[42] When the film was released in New York, the favourable reviews took the studio by surprise. Milland was lauded and he not only won that year's Academy Award for Best Actor, but also the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor, the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor, and the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor. He was the first Welsh actor to win an Oscar, and when he collected the award from Ingrid Bergman he gave one of the shortest acceptance speeches of any Oscar winner.^[43] His performance was so convincing, Milland was beleaguered for years by rumours that he actually was an alcoholic.^[6] The actor claimed he was not.

Milland's success in The Lost Weekend resulted in his contract being rewritten, and he became Paramount's highest-salaried actor. When the film was premiered across Europe, Milland was sent to attend each opening.^[44] When he appeared in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales, he was given the key to the city.^[45]

1945–1954[edit]

Milland continued in his role as lead man after his Oscar win, and stayed contracted to Paramount until the early 1950s. In the late 1940s, he appeared opposite Marlene Dietrich in Golden Earrings and Teresa Wright in The Trouble with Women (both 1947). During the same period, he starred in four John Farrow pictures, California (also 1947), The Big Clock (1948), Alias Nick Beal (1949), and Copper Canyon. He also worked with George Cukor, who directed him in A Life of Her Own (1950) alongside Lana Turner.

Milland gave a strong performance in Close to My Heart (1951), in which he and Gene Tierney starred as a couple trying to adopt a child. Around this time he was directed by Jacques Tourneur in Circle of Danger (also 1951), set in the United Kingdom; it was the only time he filmed in his home country of Wales.^[43] For The Thief (1952) his role was without dialogue, and he was nominated for a Golden Globe. He starred opposite Grace Kelly and Robert Cummings in Alfred Hitchcock's Dial M for Murder (1954), originally shot in three dimensions. Although never admitted by either, rumours were rife at the time that Kelly and Milland were engaged in an affair, fuelled by notorious gossip columnist Hedda Hopper.^[46][47][48]

As director and television work 1955–1985[edit]

After leaving Paramount, Milland concentrated on directing. His first, a Western entitled A Man Alone (1955) centres around the aftermath of a stagecoach robbery. This was followed by Lisbon, a crime drama starring Maureen O'Hara and Claude Rains. Both films were distributed by Republic Pictures. Due to his experience as a film director, he achieved much success directing for television. He also made many television appearances. He starred with Phyllis Avery and Lloyd Corrigan in the CBS sitcom Meet Mr. McNutley from 1953 to 1955, in the role of a college English and later drama professor at fictitious Lynnhaven College. The sitcom was renamed The Ray Milland Show in its second season. From 1959 to 1960, Milland starred in the CBS detective series Markham, but the show failed to capture an audience, though it followed the western Gunsmoke.

In 1966, Milland took the lead role as Simon Crawford, Q.C in the Broadway play Hostile Witness, directed by Reginald Denham. The play ran from February until July of that year, and in 1968 Milland reprised the role in a film of the same title, which he also directed.^[49]

Milland made few films in the early 1960s. He appeared in two Roger Corman pictures; the first was The Premature Burial (1962) – the third of Corman's 'Poe Cycle'. He followed this as Dr. Xavier in X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes (1963). The third of these was his self-directed, apocalyptic science-fiction drama Panic in Year Zero!. He returned as a film character actor in the late 1960s and the 1970s, in such films as Daughter of the Mind (1969), in which he was reunited with Gene Tierney, and in the role of Oliver Barrett III in both Love Story (1970) and its sequel Oliver's Story (1978).

In the late 1960s, Milland hosted rebroadcasts of certain episodes of the syndicated Western anthology series, Death Valley Days under the title Trails West; the series' original host had been Ronald Reagan. He also turned in an appearance as a hand surgeon in the Night Gallery episode "The Hand of Borgus Weems". He guest-starred in two episodes of Columbo, as a grieving widower in "Death Lends a Hand" (1971) and as the murderer in "The Greenhouse Jungle" (1972). He guest-starred as Sire Uri in the pilot episode of the original Battlestar Galactica television series.^[50] Toward the end of his life, Milland appeared twice as Jennifer Hart's father in ABC's Hart to Hart, with Robert Wagner and Stefanie Powers.

In 1975, Milland was the subject of an episode of the British biographical TV series This Is Your Life.^[51]

Personal life[edit]

Milland was married to Muriel Frances Weber, from 1932 until his death in 1986. They had a son, Daniel (b. 1940), and an adopted daughter, Victoria. Milland was rumoured to have had an affair with co-star Grace Kelly while filming Dial M for Murder.^[52][53][54]

Milland's son Daniel appeared in several minor acting roles in the 1960s. He died in March 1981, at the age of 41, in an apparent suicide. A rifle was found next to him on his bed and he had a wound to his head.^[55]

Milland became a naturalized American citizen in the 1940s.^[56] He supported the Republican Party and announced his support for Richard Nixon in the 1968 presidential election.^[57]

Death[edit]

Milland died at the age of 79 of lung cancer at the Torrance Memorial Medical Center in Torrance, California, on 10 March 1986.^[4][6] In line with his instructions, no funeral was held.^[58] His body was cremated, and its ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean at Redondo Beach, California.

Filmography[edit]

Radio appearances[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Berry, David (1996). Wales and Cinema, The First Hundred Years. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 215. ISBN 0-7083-1370-1.
• Milland, Ray (1974). Wide-Eyed in Babylon. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-00257-9.
• Parkinson, David (2011). "Ray Milland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57315. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ray Milland.

• Ray Milland on IMDb
• Ray Milland at the TCM Movie Database
• Ray Milland at the Internet Broadway Database
• Ray Milland at AllMovie
• Ray Milland at Virtual History
• Ray Milland at Find a Grave