In pre-Islamic Arabia, the dominant religious practice was that of Arab polytheism, which was based on the veneration of various deities and spirits, such as the god Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, al
Arabian goddesses Al-Lat, Manat, Al-Uzza
Alabaster-carved votive figurines from Yemen, now located in the National Museum of Oriental Art in the city of Rome
Gilded statue of the Canaanite creator god El (c. 1400–1200 BC) from the site of Tel Megiddo. El is considered to be the cognate of the word "Ilah" and continues to appear in compound names like Gabriel, Michael, Azrael, Israel, Ishmael, Samuel and Raphael.
Seal ring from Zafar with writing "Yishaq bar Hanina" and a Torah ark, 330 BC – 200 AD
Pre-Islamic Arabia
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The era of pre-Islamic Arabia encompasses human history in all parts of the Arabian Peninsula before the spread of Islam beginning in 610 CE. During the prehistoric period, humans first migrated and s
Territory of the three Roman provinces of Arabia which were administered between the 2nd and 7th centuries CE: Arabia Petrea (in green), Arabia Deserta (in yellow), and Arabia Felix (in orange)
Chlorite seal found in Madinat Hamad belonging to the material culture of Dilmun dated between 2000 and 1800 BCE
Sumerian cuneiform tablet recording shipments of wool and silver by Queen Lagash to Dilmun c. 2350 BCE found in a tel in Girsu
Relief from Ashurbanipal's palace showing Assyrians fighting and pursuing Arabs on camelback.