Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service free-to-air television network that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although commercially-self-funded, it is publicly-owned. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital terrestrial broadcasting on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK-wide TV channel for the first time; the channel was established to provide a fourth television service to the United Kingdom in addition to the licence-funded BBC One and BBC Two, the single commercial broadcasting network ITV. Before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services: BBC1, BBC2, ITV; the Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, Channel 4, along with its Welsh counterpart, was formally created by an Act of Parliament in 1982. After some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982; the notion of a second commercial broadcaster in the United Kingdom had been around since the inception of ITV in 1954 and its subsequent launch in 1955.
Indeed, television sets sold throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare tuning button labelled "ITV/IBA 2". Throughout ITV's history and until Channel 4 became a reality, a perennial dialogue existed between the GPO, the government, the ITV companies and other interested parties, concerning the form such an expansion of commercial broadcasting would take, it was most politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of three decades before the second commercial channel became a reality. One clear benefit of the "late arrival" of the channel was that its frequency allocations at each transmitter had been arranged in the early 1960s, when the launch of an ITV2 was anticipated; this led to good coverage across most of the country and few problems of interference with other UK-based transmissions. At the time the fourth service was being considered, a movement in Wales lobbied for the creation of dedicated service that would air Welsh-language programmes only catered for at "off peak" times on BBC Wales and HTV.
The campaign was taken so by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, that he threatened the government with a hunger strike were it not to honour the plans. The result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, the BBC and independent companies. Limited frequency space meant that Channel 4 could not be broadcast alongside S4C, though some Channel 4 programmes would be aired at less popular times on the Welsh variant, a practice that carried on up until the closure of S4C's analogue transmissions in 2010 when S4C became a Welsh channel. Since carriage on digital cable and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available; the first voice heard on Channel 4's opening day of Tuesday 2 November 1982 was that of continuity announcer Paul Coia who said: Good afternoon. It's a pleasure to be able to say to you, welcome to Channel Four.
Following the announcement, the channel headed into a montage of clips from its programmes set to the station's signature tune, "Fourscore", written by David Dundas, which would form the basis of the station's jingles for its first decade. The first programme to air on the channel was the teatime game show Countdown, at 16:45 produced by Yorkshire Television; the first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second. The first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Whiteley's Countdown co-host Carol Vorderman but a lexicographer only identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words: As the countdown to a brand new channel ends, a brand new countdown begins. On its first day, Channel 4 broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, an agenda in part set out by its remit which required the provision of programming to minority groups.
In step with its remit, the channel became well received both by minority groups and the arts and cultural worlds during this period under founding chief executive Jeremy Isaacs, where the channel gained a reputation for programmes on the contemporary arts. Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashley's ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984; the channel did not receive mass audiences for much of this period, however, as might be expected for a station focusing on minority interest. Channel 4 began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in Nick Broomfield's documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife. In September 1993, the channel broadcast the direct-to-TV documentary film Beyond Citizen Kane, in which it displayed the dominant position of the Rede Globo television network, discussed its influence and political connections in Brazil.
After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Co
Kidnapping
In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful carrying away and confinement of a person against their will. Thus, it is a composite crime, it can be defined as false imprisonment by means of abduction, both of which are separate crimes that when committed upon the same person merge as the single crime of kidnapping. The asportation/abduction element is but not conducted by means of force or fear; that is, the perpetrator may use a weapon to force the victim into a vehicle, but it is still kidnapping if the victim is enticed to enter the vehicle willingly, e.g. in the belief it is a taxicab. Kidnapping may be done to demand for ransom in exchange for releasing the victim, or for other illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury. Kidnapping of a child is known as child abduction, these are sometimes separate legal categories. Kidnapping of children is by one parent against the wishes of a parent or guardian. Kidnapping of adults is for ransom or to force someone to withdraw money from an ATM, but may be for the purpose of sexual assault.
In the past, presently in some parts of the world, kidnapping is a common means used to obtain slaves and money through ransom. In less recent times, kidnapping in the form of shanghaiing men was used to supply merchant ships in the 19th century with sailors, whom the law considered unfree labour. Criminal gangs are estimated to make up to $500 million a year in ransom payments from kidnapping. Kidnapping has been identified as one source by which terrorist organizations have been known to obtain funding; the Perri and MacKenzie article identified "tiger" kidnapping as a specific method used by either the Real Irish Republican Army or Continuity Irish Republican Army, in which a kidnapped family member is used to force someone to steal from their employer. Bride kidnapping is a term applied loosely, to include any bride "abducted" against the will of her parents if she is willing to marry the "abductor", it still is traditional amongst certain nomadic peoples of Central Asia. It has seen a resurgence in Kyrgyzstan since the fall of the Soviet Union and the subsequent erosion of women's rights.
Express kidnapping is a method of abduction used in some countries from Latin America, where a small ransom, that a company or family can pay, is demanded. Tiger kidnapping is taking a hostage to make a loved one or associate of the victim do something: e.g. a child is taken hostage to force the shopkeeper to open the safe. The term originates from the long preceding observation, like a tiger does on the prowl. Kidnapping that does not result in a homicide is a hybrid offence that comes with a maximum possible penalty of life imprisonment. A murder that results from kidnapping is classified as 1st-degree, with a sentence of life imprisonment that results from conviction. Article 282 prohibits hostaging. Part 1 of Article 282 allows sentencing kidnappers to maximum imprisonment of 8 years or a fine of the fifth category. Part 2 allows maximum imprisonment of 9 years or a fine of the fifth category if there are serious injuries. Part 3 allows maximum imprisonment of 12 years or a fine of the fifth category if the victim has been killed.
Part 4 allows sentencing people. Part 1, 2 and 3 will apply to them. Kidnapping is an offence under the common law of Wales. Lord Brandon said in 1984 R v D: First, the nature of the offence is an attack on, infringement of, the personal liberty of an individual. Secondly, the offence contains four ingredients as follows: the taking or carrying away of one person by another. In all cases of kidnapping of children, where it is alleged that a child has been kidnapped, it is the absence of the consent of that child, material; this is the case regardless of the age of the child. A small child will not have the understanding or intelligence to consent; this means. It is a question of fact for the jury whether an older child has sufficient understanding and intelligence to consent. Lord Brandon said: "I should not expect a jury to find at all that a child under fourteen had sufficient understanding and intelligence to give its consent." If the child did consent to being taken or carried away, the fact that the person having custody or care and control of that child did not consent to that child being taken or carried away is immaterial.
If, on the other hand, the child did not consent, the consent of the person having custody or care and control of the child may support a defence of lawful excuse. It is known as Gillick competence. Regarding Restriction on prosecution, no prosecution may be instituted, except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions, for an offence of kidnapping if it was committed against a child under the age of sixteen and by a person connected with the child, within the meaning of section 1 of the Child Abduction Act 1984. Kidnapping is an indictable-only offence. Kidnapping is punishable with fine at the discretion of the court. There is no limit on the fine or the term of imprisonment that may be imposed provided the sentence is not inordinate. A parent should only be prosecuted for kidnapping their own child "in exceptional cases
Penalty kick (association football)
A penalty kick is a method of restarting play in association football, in which a player is allowed to take a single shot on the goal while it is defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when a foul punishable by a direct free kick is committed by a player in his or her own penalty area; the shot is taken from the penalty mark, 12 yards from the goal line and centred between the touch lines. In practice, penalty kicks result in goals more than not against the best and most experienced goalkeepers; this means that penalty awards are decisive in low-scoring games. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victorious after a drawn match; the ball is placed on the penalty mark, regardless of. The player taking the kick is to be identified to the referee. Only the kicker and the defending team's goalkeeper are allowed to be within the penalty area; the goalkeeper must stand on the goal line between the goal posts. Lateral movement is allowed, but the goalkeeper is not permitted to come off the goal line by stepping or lunging forward until the ball is in play.
The assistant referee responsible for the goal line where the penalty kick is being taken is positioned at the intersection of the penalty area and goal line, assists the referee in looking for infringements and/or whether a goal is scored. When the referee is satisfied that the players are properly positioned, he/she blows the whistle to indicate that the kicker may kick; the kicker may make feinting moves during the run-up to the ball, but once the run-up is completed he/she may no longer feint and must kick the ball. The ball must be stationary before the kick, it must be kicked forward; the ball is in play once it is kicked and moves, at that time other players may enter the penalty area. Once kicked, the kicker may not touch the ball again until it has been touched by another player of either team or goes out of play. In case of an infringement of the laws of the game during a penalty kick, most entering the penalty area illegally, the referee must consider both whether the ball entered the goal, which team committed the offence.
The following infringements committed by the kicking team result in an indirect free kick for the defending team, regardless of the outcome of the kick: a teammate of the identified kicker kicks the ball instead kicker feints kicking the ball at the end of the run-up kick does not go forward kicker touches the ball a second time before it touches another player In the case of a player infringing the laws during the penalty kick, the referee may caution the player for persistent infringement. Note that all offences that occur before kick may be dealt with in this manner, regardless of the location of the offence. If the ball touches an outside agent as it moves forward from the kick, the kick is retaken. A two-man penalty, or "tap" penalty, occurs when the kicker, instead of shooting for goal, taps the ball forward so that a teammate can run on to it and shoot. If properly executed, it is a legal play since the kicker is not required to shoot for goal and need only kick the ball forward; this strategy relies on the element of surprise, as it first requires the goalkeeper to believe the kicker will shoot dive or move to one side in response.
It requires the goalkeeper to remain out of position long enough for the kicker's teammate to reach the ball before any defenders, for that teammate to place a shot on the undefended side of the goal. The first recorded tap penalty was taken by Jimmy McIlroy and Danny Blanchflower of Northern Ireland against Portugal on 1 May 1957. Another was taken by Rik Coppens and André Piters in the World Cup Qualifying match Belgium v Iceland on 5 June 1957. Arsenal players Thierry Henry and Robert Pires failed in an attempt at a similar penalty in 2005, during a Premier League match against Manchester City at Highbury. Pires ran in to take the kick, attempted to pass to the onrushing Henry, but miskicked and the ball hardly moved. Lionel Messi tapped a penalty for Luis Suárez as Suárez completed his hat-trick on 14 February 2016 against league opponents Celta de Vigo. Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks a goalkeeper can face. Owing to the short distance between the penalty spot and the goal, there is little time to react to the shot.
Because of this, the goalkeeper will start his or her dive before the ball is struck. In effect, the goalkeeper must act on his best prediction about; some goalkeepers decide which way they will dive beforehand, thus giving themselves a good chance of diving in time. Others try to read the kicker's motion pattern. On the other side, kickers feign and prefer a slow shot in an attempt to foil the goalkeeper; the most fruitful approach, shooting high and centre, i.e. in the space that the goalkeeper will evacuate carries the highest risk of shooting above the bar. As the shooter makes his approach to the ball, the goalke
Medellín
Medellín the Municipality of Medellín, is the second-largest city in Colombia and the capital of the department of Antioquia. It is located in a central region of the Andes Mountains in South America. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics, the city has an estimated population of 2.5 million as of 2017. With its surrounding area that includes nine other cities, the metropolitan area of Medellín is the second-largest urban agglomeration in Colombia in terms of population and economy, with more than 3.7 million people. In 1616 the Spaniard Francisco Herrera Campuzano erected a small indigenous village known as "Saint Lawrence of Aburrá", located in the present-day El Poblado commune. On 2 November 1675, the queen consort Mariana of Austria founded the "Town of Our Lady of Candelaria of Medellín" in the Aná region, which today corresponds to the center of the city and first describes the region as "Medellín". In 1826, the city was named the capital of the Department of Antioquia by the National Congress of the nascent Republic of Gran Colombia, comprised by present-day Colombia, Venezuela and Panama.
After Colombia won its independence from Spain, Medellín became the capital of the Federal State of Antioquia until 1888, with the proclamation of the Colombian Constitution of 1886. During the 19th century, Medellín was a dynamic commercial center, first exporting gold producing and exporting coffee. At the beginning of the 21st century the city regained industrial dynamism, with the construction of the Medellín Metro commuter rail, liberalized development policies, improved security and improved education. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have lauded the city as a pioneer of a post-Washington consensus "local development state" model of economic development; the city is promoted internationally as a tourist destination and is considered a global city type "Gamma -" by GaWC. The Medellín Metropolitan Area produces 67% of the Department of Antioquia's GDP and 11% of the economy of Colombia. Medellín is important to the region for its universities, commerce, science, health services, flower-growing and festivals.
In February 2013, the Urban Land Institute chose Medellín as the most innovative city in the world due to its recent advances in politics and social development. In the same year, Medellín won the Verónica Rudge Urbanism Award conferred by Harvard University to the Urban Development Enterprise due to the North-Western Integral Development Project in the city. In September 2013, the United Nations ratified Colombia's petition to host UN-Habitat's 7th World Urban Forum in Medellín, from April 5–11, 2014. Medellín won the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize 2016; the award seeks to recognize and celebrate efforts in furthering innovation in urban solutions and sustainable urban development. The valley and its Spanish settlement have gone by several names over the years, including Aburrá de los Yamesíes, "Valley of Saint Bartholomew", "Saint Lawrence of Aburrá", "Saint Lawrence of Aná", Villa de la Candelaria de Medellín, "Medellín"; the name "Medellín" comes from Medellín, Spain, a small village in the Badajoz province of Extremadura.
The village is known for being the birthplace of Hernán Cortés. The Spanish Medellín, in turn, was called "Metellinum" and was named after the Roman General Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius in 75 BC who founded the village as a military base; some of the Conquistadors, such as Gaspar de Rodas, the first governor of Antioquia, came from the region of Badajoz. Count Pedro Portocarrero y Luna, President of the Council for the West Indies, asked the Spanish monarchy to give the name of his town, Medellín in Extremadura, to the new settlement in America, his request was accepted on November 22, 1674, when the Regent Mariana of Austria proclaimed the city's name to be Villa de Nuestra Señora de Medellín. Miguel Aguinaga y Mendiogoitia, made the name official on November 2, 1675; the Crown granted a coat of arms to the city on June 24, 1676. In August 1541, Marshal Jorge Robledo was in the place known today as Heliconia when he saw in the distance what he thought was a valley, he sent Jerónimo Luis Tejelo to explore the territory, during the night of August 23 Tejelo reached the plain of what is now Aburrá Valley.
The Spaniards gave it the name of "Valley of Saint Bartholomew", but this was soon changed for the native name Aburrá, meaning "Painters", due to the textile decorations of the natives. In 1574, Gaspar de Rodas asked the Antioquia's Cabildo for 10 square kilometers of land to establish herds and a ranch in the valley; the Cabildo granted him 8 square kilometers of land. In 1616, the colonial visitor Francisco de Herrera y Campuzano founded a settlement with 80 Amerindians, naming it Poblado de San Lorenzo, today "El Poblado". In 1646 a colonial law ordered the separation of Amerindians from mestizos and mulattos, so the colonial administration began the construction of a new town in Aná, today Berrío Park, where the church of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Aná was built. Three years the Spaniards started the construction of the Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria, rebuilt at the end of the 18th century. After 1574, with Gaspar de Rodas settled in the valley, population started to grow. According to the church records of the San Lorenzo Church, six couples married between 1646 and 1650, 41 between 1671 and 1675.
Gold mines were developed northeast of Antioquia, thus they needed food supply from nearby agriculture. The
Goalkeeper (association football)
The goalkeeper shortened to keeper or goalie, is one of the major positions of association football. It is the most specialised position in the sport; the goalkeeper's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line. Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands, making them the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball; the special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates. The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates. Goalkeepers perform goal kicks, give commands to their defense during corner kicks and indirect free kicks, marking. Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch, giving them a unique perspective on play development.
The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team. If they are injured or sent off, a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place, otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper's place in goal. In order to replace a goalkeeper, sent off, a team substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper, they play the remainder of the match with nine outfield players. If a team does not have a substitute goalkeeper, or they have used all of their permitted substitutions for the match, an outfield player has to take the dismissed goalkeeper's place and wear the goalkeeper shirt; the squad number for a first choice goalkeeper is number 1, although they may wear any jersey number between 1 and 99. Association football, like many sports, has experienced many changes in tactics resulting in the generation and elimination of different positions. Goalkeeper is the only position, certain to have existed since the codification of the sport. In the early days of organised football, when systems were limited or non-existent and the main idea was for all players to attack and defend, teams had a designated member to play as the goalkeeper.
The earliest account of football teams with player positions comes from Richard Mulcaster in 1581 and does not specify goalkeepers. The earliest specific reference to keeping goal comes from Cornish Hurling in 1602. According to Carew: "they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foot asunder. One of these is appointed by lots, to the one side, the other to his adverse party. There is assigned for their guard, a couple of their best stopping Hurlers". Other references to scoring goals begin in English literature in the early 16th century. In a 1613 poem, Michael Drayton refers to "when the Ball to throw, And drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe", it seems inevitable that wherever a game has evolved goals, some form of goalkeeping must be developed. David Wedderburn refers to what has been translated from Latin as to "keep goal" in 1633, though this does not imply a fixed goalkeeper position; the word "goal-keeper" is used in the novel Tom Brown's School Days. The author is here referring to an early form of rugby football: You will see in the first place, that the sixth-form boy, who has the charge of goal, has spread his force so as to occupy the whole space behind the goal-posts, at distances of about five yards apart.
The word "goal-keeper" appeared in the Sheffield Rules of 1867, but the term did not refer to a designated player, but rather to "that player on the defending side who for the time being is nearest to his own goal". The goal-keeper, thus defined, did not enjoy any special handling privileges; the FA's first Laws of the Game of 1863 did not make any special provision for a goalkeeper, with any player being allowed to catch or knock-on the ball. Handling the ball was forbidden in 1870; the next year, 1871, the laws were amended to introduce the goalkeeper and specify that the keeper was allowed to handle the ball "for the protection of his goal". The restrictions on the ability of the goalkeeper to handle the ball were changed several times in subsequent revisions of the laws: 1871: the keeper may handle the ball only "for the protection of his goal". 1873: the keeper may not "carry" the ball. 1883: the keeper may not carry the ball for more than two steps. 1887: the keeper may not handle the ball in the opposition's half.
1901: the keeper may handle the ball for any purpose. 1912: the keeper may handle the ball only in the penalty area. 1931: the keeper may take up to four steps while carrying the ball. 1992: the keeper may not handle the ball after it has been deliberately kicked to him/her by a team-mate. 1997: the keeper may not handle the ball for more than six seconds. Goalkeepers played between the goalposts and had limited mobility, except when trying to save opposition shots. Throughout the years, the role of the goalkeeper has evolved, due to the changes in systems of play, to become more active; the goalkeeper is the only player in association football allowed to use their han
Independiente Medellín
Deportivo Independiente Medellín known as DIM, is a Colombian professional football team, based in Medellín, that plays in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at the Atanasio Girardot stadium, part of the Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex. Independiente Medellín has won the Categoría Primera A six times: in 1955, 1957, 2002-II, 2004-I, 2009-II and 2016-I, its best performance at international level was in 2003, when the team reached the semifinals at the Copa Libertadores. Independiente Medellín was founded on 14 November 1913 under the name of Medellín Foot Ball Club by siblings Alberto and Rafael Uribe Piedrahíta; the team played its first match with the amateur team Sporting of Medellin, who defeated them 11–0. After several years, Medellín joined professional football and played the first edition of the league. Medellín placed 7 out of 10, their first match was a 4–0 defeat against América de Cali. The next decade, Medellín signed Peruvian Segundo Castillo Varela, whom won the 1939 South American Championship, the first title of his country, in a movement of what was known as El Dorado, when teams of the league signed a lot of foreign footballers.
Medellín won its first title in the 1955 Campeonato Profesional. The team was first with just one defeat. Argentine Felipe Marino was the top goalscorer of the tournament, with 22 goals. In 2009, with the departure of Santiago Escobar as the coach of the team, his assistant, Leonel Álvarez, replaced him to play 2009 Torneo Finalización, where the team got its fifth title against Atlético Huila. In that season, the forward, Jackson Martinez, broke a record of the player with the most goal in the league. Medellín's greatest rival is with the city's other major club Atlético Nacional, with whom they share the home stadium Atanasio Girardot; the team is dubbed "El Poderoso de la Montaña" or the powerful of the mountain due to Medellín's geographical location high in the Andean mountains. The rivalry is strong due to each team's main support club, Rexixtenxia Norte for Medellín and Los Del Sur for Atlético Nacional; the two clubs are named with the location that they occupy in the stadium where Rexixtenxia occupies the section behind the northern goal and Los Del Sur occupy the section behind the southern goal.
In 2004 Medellín and Nacional classified to the final of the Mustang Cup. This system requires 2 games to be the champion, in the first game, Medellín won 2–1 with a goal of Rafael Castillo in the 87 minute after the goals of Jorge Serna and Carlos "Chumi" Alvarez in the first half; the final game was on 27 June, it ended 0–0 and Medellín became the champion of the Colombian National League. Medellín won its third league title after 45 years of agony. However, there were two seasons where Medellín had the title within its reach only to lose it amid great controversy. From its foundation until 2002, the Colombian First Division League had adopted a league format used in European leagues; the format was a year-long tournament where the team at the end of the year in best standing was declared the winner. This format was changed in 2002 to an Apertura-Clausura format where two separate seasons are played during the year to determine two winners. In 1993 during the last game of the year, Medellín and Atlético Junior were fighting for a tight first place.
Junior was playing América de Cali at home in Barranquilla while Medellín played hometown rivals Atlético Nacional. The games were to end at the same time. A Medellín win with a Junior draw would have given Medellín the title. Medellín beat Nacional 1–0 while awaiting the 2–2 game in Barranquilla to end. Medellín players were celebrating with a victory lap and giving interviews with reporters waiting for the final whistle in Barranquilla. After Oswaldo Mackenzie to score an late goal giving Junior the win 3–2 and the title; this was not the first time Medellín had a heartbreaking season, in 1989 a year where Medellín had one of the best teams in the league and was expected to win the title but Junior with legendary players such as Valderrama, Mackenzie and Valenciano. A tragic event occurred in Colombian soccer. During the final games of the season, Medellín tied América de Cali 0–0 at home. During the game, the linesman Álvaro Ortega annulled a Medellín goal. Afterwards, a Medellín sympathizer assassinated him.
In response, the Colombian Football Federation decided to cancel the rest of the season leaving the 1989 league without a winner. Categoría Primera A:Winners: 1955, 1957, 2002–II, 2004–I, 2009–II, 2016–I Runners-up: 1959, 1961, 1966, 1993, 2001, 2008–II, 2012–II, 2014–II, 2015–I, 2018–IICopa Colombia:Winners: 1981 Runners-up: 1955–56, 2017Superliga Colombiana:Runners-up: 2017 Copa Jimenez Jaramillo: 1923 Campeonato Nacional: 1918, 1920, 1922, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1938 Campeonato Departamental: 1937, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 Copa Club Unión: 1942 Triangular ‘Trofeo Coltejer’: 1955 Torneo "Medellín sin tugurios": 1983 Copa Montreal: 1992 Copa DC United: 1994 Copa Ciudad de Popayan: 2005 Copa Gobernación de Antioquia: 2008, 2010 Copa del Pacífico: 2009 Runner-up Copa Movilco – Gobernación del Meta: 2009 Runner-up Copa del Pacífico: 2010 Copa Libertadores de America1967: First Round 1994: Quarter-finals 2003: Semi-finals 2005: First Round 2009: Second Round 2010: Second RoundCopa Sudamericana: 02006: First Round 2016: Quarter-finals 2017: First RoundCopa C
S.D. Aucas
Sociedad Deportiva Aucas known as "Papa Aucas", is a football club based in Quito, Ecuador. They play in the top tier of Ecuadorian football and have spent the majority of their history in the top-flight Serie A; the team is amongst the most popular in the city because of its long history in the Serie A. Despite the popularity, Aucas has never won an Ecuadorian championship; the team is named after the Auca tribe, who are called Huaorani. The club belonged to Royal Dutch Shell, operating oil fields in the east of Ecuador where the Aucas live; the club's main uniforms colors and red, were taken from the colors used by Shell to market their products and services. The alternate uniform is gray, except for the commercial advertisements and numbers and names of players, which are red. Players who have played for Aucas include Argentinian and nationalized Ecuadorian forward Ariel Graziani, forward Nicolás Asencio, forward Agustin Delgado, forward Édison Maldonado, Ecuador international defender Giovanny Espinoza, the 1990 FIFA World Cup Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita.
RegionalCampeonato Amateur del Fútbol de Pichincha: 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951 Campeonato Professional Interandino: 1959, 1962NationalSerie B: 1974 E2, 1991 E2, 2014 Segunda Categoría: 1986 E2, 2012 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Ernesto Guerra, Polo Carrera Juan Ramón Silva Ramiro Blacut Gerardo Pelusso Diego Aguirre Luis Fernando Suárez Javier Álvarez Arteaga Juan Amador Sánchez Luis Fernando Suárez Marco Etcheverry Polo Carrera Alfredo Encalada Julio Asad Juan Ramón Silva Carlos Ischia Tavare Silva Fan website
Finland
Peru
Venezuela
