1.
Sir
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Sir is an honorific address used in a number of situations in many anglophone cultures. The term can be used as a prefix, especially in the Commonwealth, for males who have been given certain honours or titles. The term is commonly used as a respectful way to address a man. Equivalent terms of address to females are maam or madam in most cases, or in the case of a woman, girl, or unmarried woman who prefers to be addressed as such. The equivalent term for a woman or baronetess is Dame. Sir derives from the Middle French honorific title sire, sire developed alongside the word seigneur, also used to refer to a feudal lord. Both derived from the Vulgar Latin senior, sire comes from the nominative case declension senior and seigneur, the prefix is used with the holders given name or full name, but never with the surname alone. For example, whilst Sir Alexander and Sir Alexander Fleming would be correct, the equivalent for a female who holds a knighthood or baronetcy in her own right is Dame, and follows the same usage customs as Sir. For example, while Lady Fiennes is correct, Lady Virginia, the widows of knights retain the style of wives of knights, however widows of baronets are either referred to as dowager, or use their forename before their courtesy style. For example, the widow of Sir Thomas Herbert Cochrane Troubridge, 4th Baronet, would either be known as Dowager Lady Troubridge or Laura, Lady Troubridge. Examples include, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Bruce Fraser, GCB, KBE Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey, GBE, KCB, CMG, DSO, ED This is also the case with academic titles, such as professor. For example, Patrick Bateson is both a professor and a bachelor, his correct title would be Professor Sir Patrick Bateson. The title of Doctor, however, is not used in combination with sir, knighted doctors are addressed as knights, though they may still use any post-nominal letters associated with their degrees. Church of England clergy who receive knighthoods do not use the title Sir, for example, the Reverend Dr John Polkinghorne, KBE is never referred to as Sir John Polkinghorne. Clergy of other denominations may use different conventions, peers who have been knighted are not addressed as Sir in the formal sense of the style, as their titles of nobility take precedence. Other male heirs of an earl who lack courtesy titles, and the heirs of a viscount or baron, do however use the style of Sir if knighted. Dual nationals holding a Commonwealth citizenship that recognise the British monarch as head of state are entitled to use the styling, the permissibility of using the style of Sir varies. Regular creation of new knights of the order ended in 1921 upon the formation of the Irish Free State, with the death of the last knight in 1974, the Order became dormant
2.
Allan Warren
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Michael Allan Warren is an English portrait photographer, primarily known for his images of members of high society. After growing up in post-war London with his mother, Warren attended Terrys Juveniles and it was during this period that he attended auditions through which he received several assignments. Warren started his career at the age of 17 when he was acting in Alan Bennetts play Forty Years On with John Gielgud in the West End at the Apollo Theatre. Around this time Warren bought his first second-hand camera and began to take photographs of his fellow actors and his first major assignment was when his friend Mickey Deans asked him to cover his wedding to Judy Garland, which marked the beginning of Warrens work as a professional photographer. When in New York for personal reasons, he attended an audition for the Broadway production of Minnies Boys, however, he later declined the role offered to him in favour of returning to London and pursuing photography as his vocation. In the early 1980s Warren embarked on a quest to photograph all 26 non-royal, together with the 12th Duke of Manchester he set up the Dukes Trust, a charity for children in need. Warren has uploaded many pictures from his archive to Wikimedia Commons, in the early 90s Warren embarked on writing plays. One of his works, The Lady of Phillimore Walk, was directed by Frank Dunlop and critics went as far as comparing it to Sleuth, the cast of The Lady of Phillimore Walk consisted of Zena Walker and Philip Lowrie, and saw productions in the United States. Warren invented the Hankybreathe, a handkerchief which allows the user to inhale air through a filter at the mouth. The invention, which is meant to be dabbed in eucalyptus oil, harks back to the nosegay and stems from Warrens experience with asthma in heavily polluted London
3.
Huyton
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Huyton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. It is part of the Liverpool Urban Area, sharing borders with the Liverpool suburbs of Dovecot, Knotty Ash, Huyton has close associations with the neighbouring village of Roby, both were part of the Huyton with Roby Urban District between 1894 and 1974. Historically in Lancashire, Huyton was an ancient parish which in the mid-19th century contained Croxteth Park, Knowsley and Tarbock and it was part of the hundred of West Derby, an ancient subdivision of Lancashire, covering the southwest of the county. Huyton was first settled about 600–650 AD by Angles, the settlement was founded on a low hill surrounded by inaccessible marshy land. The first part of the name may suggest a landing-place, probably on the banks of the River Alt, both Huyton and Roby are mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Huyton being spelt Hitune. Huyton-with-Roby is situated near to the western extremity of the former Lancashire coalfield. In the 19th century Welsh workers settled in the area to work in nearby colleries, a Welsh-speaking Non-conformist chapel was founded in Wood Lane, Huyton Quarry. Nearby Cronton Colliery finally ceased production in March 1984, shortly before the UK miners strike, both Huyton and Roby have stations on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. The railway’s construction was supervised by George Stephenson and, when it opened in 1830, on the day of the railways official opening, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington alighted the train at Roby station. During the Second World War, Huyton suffered bombing from the Luftwaffe, some Huyton residents were killed or injured but the scale of destruction was much less than that experienced by Liverpool, Bootle and Birkenhead. Unlike Liverpool, schoolchildren were not evacuated from Huyton but schools, Huyton was also host to three wartime camps, an internment camp, a prisoner of war camp and a base for American servicemen. The internment camp, one of the biggest in the country, was created to accommodate those enemy aliens deemed a threat to national security. Churchills demand to collar the lot meant that around 27,000 people ended up being interned in the UK. Some internees were actually refugees from the Nazis, including such as Kurt Hager. Huyton internees included artists Martin Bloch, Hugo Dachinger, and Walter Nessler, dancer Kurt Jooss, musicians, sociologist Norbert Elias, anthropologist Eric Wolf, more than 40 per cent of Huytons internees were over 50 years old. The camp, first occupied in May 1940, was formed around several streets of new, empty houses and flats. Twelve internees were allocated to each house, but overcrowding resulted in many sleeping in tents, initially the camp was only meant to hold the internees until they could be shipped to the Isle of Man. However, largely in response to the torpedoing of the transport ship The Arandora Star, with the loss of nearly 700 lives, most of the internees were released long before the camp closed in 1942
4.
Liverpool College
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Liverpool College is a mixed all-through school located in Mossley Hill, a suburb of Liverpool, England. It was one of the 13 founding members of the Headmasters Conference, Liverpool College was the first of many public schools founded in the Victorian Era. The foundation stone of the building was laid on 22 October 1840 by Edward Smith-Stanley. The original building in Shaw street is in the so-called Tudor-Gothic style and it was designed by Mr. Harvey Lonsdale Elmes, and was erected at a cost of £35,000. The College consisted of 3 institutions – Upper, Middle and Lower Schools, while these schools were under the control of one and the same Principal, they were kept entirely separate. The Lower, or Commercial School, was intended for boys who were to go into business houses at an early age, the Middle School combined literary and scientific training, with special attention to modern languages for boys leaving for business or the professions. The Upper School was a first grade school with leaving exhibitions for Oxford. The Liverpool College for Girls at Grove Street was established in 1856, the Liverpool College for Girls, Huyton, or Huyton College as it was popularly known, was started in 1894 and intended to be parallel to the Boys Upper School. The Liverpool College Preparatory School at Fairfield was also founded in 1898, the Council of Liverpool College was therefore one of the most important governing bodies in the kingdom, with 6 schools under its control. Liverpool College has occupied 3 Sites since its foundation in 1840, the Upper School of what was then officially called ‘Liverpool Collegiate’, was moved from Shaw Street to Lodge Lane, Sefton Park in 1884 through the efforts of Rev. Selwyn. The erection of new buildings started in 1887 and were completed in 1890. The first instance of a site in Mossley Hill occurred in 1896 where several acres were purchased as playing fields with the present pavilion being built in 1905, from 1917-36 more land and buildings were purchased at the Site in Mossley Hill. The Junior wing was opened by Lord Stanley and the stone of St. Peter’s chapel was laid by Mr. H. Sutton Timmis. The College has held land on the present 26 acre site since 1896, in 1993 the Liverpool College for Girls, Huyton or Huyton College merged with Liverpool College to become a coeducational day school. The school is situated in Mossley Hill on North Mossley Hill Road, facilities on site include a fully equipped gymnasium and relaxation centre as well as AstroTurf courts and a Combined Cadet Force centre. It had been decided to proceed with plans to concentrate the whole school in what is currently the Lower School site, in a series of projects to construct newer and more up-to-date buildings. In September 2013 the school became an Academy, an independent school that is funded by central government. In September 2010, Liverpool College became a school once again
5.
Lilli Palmer
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Lilli Palmer, born Lilli Marie Peiser, was a German actress and writer. After beginning her career in British films in the 1940s, she would later transition to major Hollywood productions, for her career in European films, Palmer won the Volpi Cup and the Deutscher Filmpreis three times. When Lilli was four her family moved to Berlin-Charlottenburg and she was a junior table tennis champion as a young girl. She studied drama in Berlin before fleeing to Paris in 1933 following the Nazi takeover, while performing in cabarets, she attracted the attention of British talent scouts and was offered a contract by the Gaumont Film Company. She made her debut in Crime Unlimited and appeared in numerous British films for the next decade. She married actor Rex Harrison 25 January 1943, and followed him to Hollywood in 1945 and she signed with Warner Brothers and appeared in several films, notably Cloak and Dagger and Body and Soul. She also periodically appeared in plays as well as hosting her own television series in 1951. She won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress in 1953 for The Four Poster, Harrison and Palmer divorced in 1956, they had one son, Carey Harrison, born in 1944. Palmer returned to Germany in 1954 where she played roles in many films and she also continued to play both leading and supporting parts in the U. S. and abroad. In 1957, she won the Deutscher Filmpreis for Best Actress for her portrayal of Anna Anderson in The Story of Anastasia, in 1958, she played the role of a teacher opposite Romy Schneider in Mädchen in Uniform, the remake of the 1931 film of the same title. Ms. Palmer starred with Fred Astaire and Debbie Reynolds in The Pleasure of His Company in 1961, Palmer published a memoir, Change Lobsters and Dance, in 1975. Reminiscences by Vivian Matalon and Noël Coward suggest that Palmer was not always the patient and she wrote a full-length work of fiction presented as a novel rather than a memoir, The Red Raven in 1978. Palmer was married to Argentine actor Carlos Thompson from 1957 until her death in Los Angeles from abdominal cancer in 1986 at the age of 71. Palmer is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California in the plot of Commemoration, Map 1, Lot 4066, the ashes of her first husband, Rex Harrison, were scattered on her grave. Speaking Emigres and British Cinema, 1925-1950, the A to Z of Italian Cinema. Change Lobsters and Dance, An Autobiography, ISBN 0-0259-4610-2 Lilli Palmer at the Internet Movie Database Lilli Palmer at the Internet Broadway Database Lilli Palmer at Find a Grave Photographs and literature
6.
Kay Kendall
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Kay Kendall was an English actress and comedian. She began her career in the musical film London Town. Although the film was a failure, Kendall continued to work regularly until her appearance in the comedy film Genevieve brought her widespread recognition. She began a relationship with actor Rex Harrison after they appeared together in the comedy film The Constant Husband. Harrison learned from Kendalls doctor that she had been diagnosed with leukaemia, a fact that was kept from Kendall. The actor cared for Kendall until her death at the age of 32 and she was born Justine Kay Kendall McCarthy, at Stanley House, Hull Road, in Withernsea, a coastal resort in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Kendalls father was Terrence Terry McCarthy, the son of music hall star Marie Kendall. Kays mother was the former Gladys Drewery and she had two elder siblings, Terrence Justin Terry Kendall McCarthy and Patricia Kim Pat Kendall McCarthy. By her fathers marriage to his professional dancing partner, Dora Spencer, she had a younger half-brother. Young Justine attended various schools, including St Leonards, St Margarets, the actresss distinctive nose, an aristocratic swoop, was the result of plastic surgery after a car crash. Her first major role was in the Sid Field, Petula Clark London Town. She co-starred with Clark again in the drama film Dance Hall and she followed this up with the even more popular first film in the Doctor series, the comedy Doctor in the House with Dirk Bogarde. She was under contract to the Rank Organisation but unhappy with the parts offered, turning down Value For Money, As Long As Youre Happy and Doctor at Sea. In 1958 Kendall won a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Lady Sybil Wren in Les Girls – probably one of the films of her career – the story of three showgirls in postwar Paris. The following year she starred opposite Harrison in the comedy The Reluctant Debutante, Kendall died in 1959, aged 32, soon after completing her last film, the comedy Once More, with Feeling. As they say about crime victims, Kay Kendall was in the place at the wrong time, wrote Rhoda Koenig. In her case, the crime was a waste of talent, one of the most delightful of British actresses few of her films gave her a chance to shine. She was a true comedienne, unafraid to compromise her ladylike appearance with pratfalls, pop eyes and comic drunk scenes
7.
Rachel Roberts (actress)
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Rachel Roberts was a British actress noted for her fervour and passion. For both films, she won the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress and she was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for This Sporting Life. Her other notable appearances included Murder on the Orient Express, Picnic at Hanging Rock. Roberts theatre credits included the production of the musical Maggie May in 1964. She was nominated for the 1974 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the plays, Chemin de Fer and The Visit, Roberts was born in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales. After a Baptist upbringing, followed by study at the University of Wales and she made her film debut in the Welsh-set comedy Valley of Song, directed by Gilbert Gunn. Her portrayal of Brenda in Karel Reiszs Saturday Night and Sunday Morning won her a British Academy Film Award, Lindsay Anderson cast her as the suffering Mrs Hammond in This Sporting Life, earning another BAFTA and an Oscar nomination. Both films were significant examples of the British New Wave of film-making, in theatre, she performed at the Royal Court and played the title role as the life-enhancing tart in Lionel Barts musical Maggie May. In films, she continued to play women with lusty appetites as in Lindsay Andersons O Lucky Man. Although the haunting Australian-made Picnic at Hanging Rock, directed by Peter Weir, provided her with a different kind of role, after relocating to Los Angeles in the early 1970s, she appeared in supporting roles in several American films such as Foul Play. Her final British film was Yanks, directed by John Schlesinger, in 1976, she won a Drama Desk Award for her performance in Alan Bennetts play Habeas Corpus. In 1979, Roberts co-starred with Jill Bennett in the London Weekend Television production of Alan Bennetts The Old Crowd, directed by Lindsay Anderson, Roberts was married twice and had no children. She first married actor Alan Dobie in 1955, the following year, Roberts married actor Rex Harrison in Genoa, Italy. The marriage was tumultuous, Roberts and Harrison both drank excessively and engaged in public fights, Harrison later left Roberts and they divorced in 1971. Later that year, Harrison married British socialite Elizabeth Rees-Williams, Roberts former best friend, devastated by her divorce from Rex Harrison, Roberts alcoholism and depression worsened. She moved to Hollywood in 1975 and tried to forget the relationship, in 1980, Roberts attempted to win Harrison back. The attempt proved futile as Harrison was then married to his sixth and final wife, on 26 November 1980, Roberts died at her home in Los Angeles at the age of 53. The corrosive effect of the agent was an immediate cause of death
8.
Noel Harrison
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Noel John Christopher Harrison was an English singer, actor, and Olympic skier. He was the son of the actor Rex Harrison and he was born in Kensington in London in 1934. His mother, Collette Thomas, was the first of Rex Harrisons six wives and he lived with his mother’s parents in Bude, North Cornwall, during World War II. At age fifteen she took him out of school at Radley to live in the Swiss Alps and he never returned to school and began ski-racing. He joined the Ipswich repertory theatre group and taught himself guitar, Harrison undertook National Service and, after leaving the army in the 1950s, toyed with the idea of becoming a journalist, but instead, concentrated on his guitar. His early break came when he took a part in the BBC Television programme, Tonight. When Harrison was 20, he started playing professionally, around the tables in a Greek restaurant in London. He also made a living playing in bars and nightclubs all over Europe, including appearances at the Blue Angel Night Club, thanks to his managers Bob Chartoff and lrwin Winkler, who went on to produce the Rocky films, he had a record reach the charts. The track was A Young Girl, written by Charles Aznavour, in the 1966-67 television season he appeared as Mark Slate in 29 episodes of the NBC series The Girl from U. N. C. L. E. as the costar of Stefanie Powers. He brought his Mark Slate character once to the original U. N. C. L. E, series, The Man from U. N. C. L. E. in a third-season episode titled The Galatea Affair. A Young Girl was included as one of the tracks on Harrisons debut album, Noel Harrison, despite the song winning the 1968 Oscar for best original song, Harrison did not sing it at the ceremony. Instead his place was taken by Jose Feliciano, the change was made because he was working on the film, Take A Girl Like You in England, with Oliver Reed and Hayley Mills. Coincidentally, his father had sung the Oscar-winning song only the previous year, collage reached #135 in the United States Billboard 200 chart. He also toured with the Beach Boys, and Sonny and Cher, appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, featured on a program, Hullabaloo. In 1968, Harrison played the lead in The Fantasticks, in touring theatres in the round, including The Cape Cod Melody Tent in Hyannis. In 1970, Harrison was one of the guest stars in the only episode of the TV series Mission. In 1972, Harrison left the United States for Nova Scotia and he bought a farmhouse with 320 acres of farmland, and from there he commuted to Halifax where he hosted a show called Take Time for CBC Television. In winter 1974, the wood stove caught fire and his house burned down, inspiring him to write the song, The Middleton Fire Brigade
9.
Carey Harrison
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Carey Harrison is an English novelist and dramatist. Harrison was born in London to actors Rex Harrison and Lilli Palmer, and raised in Los Angeles and New York, subsequently, in Britain, he attended Sunningdale School, Harrow School, and Jesus College, Cambridge. His first play, Dante Kaputt, was staged at the Phoenix Theatre, Leicester, subsequent plays were premiered at the Traverse Theatre, Edinburgh and the Stables Theatre Club in Manchester, where Harrison was Resident Playwright during 1969 and 70. His drama output for radio and television includes numerous award-winning plays, among them the WorldPlay award-winner in 2005 for the best play from an English-language broadcaster and this play, Hitler in Therapy, was Harrisons 100th drama to be recorded in a UK studio. A more recent play, A Cooks Tour of Communism, was broadcast by the BBC World Service in 2008. His most recent radio drama, Breakfast With Stalin, was premiered in 2010 by Westdeutscher Rundfunk Koeln in Germany, a subsequent play, Magus, was staged by The Woodstock Players in June 2010, and another, Midget in a Catsuit Reciting Spinoza, in June 2011. His next play, Hedgerow Specimen, was staged by The Woodstock Players in June 2012. Two new plays for the Woodstock Players, I Wont Bite You, an Interview with the Notorious Monster, Dorothea Farber,17 hours of Harrisons work have been seen on Masterpiece Theatre, including the miniseries Freud. He is the author of 40 stage plays and 16 novels, most notably Richards Feet, published by Holt in the US and by Heinemann in Britain, winner of the Encore Award from the UK Society of Authors. Harrisons most recent novels, Justice, and Who Was That Lady. have been acclaimed by readers and his latest, Dogs Mercury, is being published in 2015. His work has translated into thirteen languages. From 2005 to 2011 he contributed an essay on linguistic trends in The Vocabula Review, and since November 2011. Harrisons essays have appeared in magazines as diverse as New Politics, a journal of socialist thought, and Chronicles, a paleoconservative magazine of American culture. He has also been a reviewer for numerous newspapers and journals including The San Francisco Chronicle, The Chicago Tribune, The New York Sunday Times. Three further Opera Companies are currently planning productions of the opera, Harrison lives in upstate New York with his wife, the artist Claire Lambe, and is Professor of English at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. Under the name Ustaz Omar Bey he is Bishop of Woodstock in the Moorish Orthodox Church of America, Freud Richards Feet Cley Egon Dogs Mercury Who Was That Lady. Justice Personal Assistant Clear To Kill As An Unperfect Actor on the Stage Dante Kaputt
10.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established as a sovereign state on 1 January 1801 by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. The growing desire for an Irish Republic led to the Irish War of Independence, Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom, and the state was consequently renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Britain financed the European coalition that defeated France in 1815 in the Napoleonic Wars, the British Empire thereby became the foremost world power for the next century. The Crimean War with Russia and the Boer wars were relatively small operations in a largely peaceful century, rapid industrialisation that began in the decades prior to the states formation continued up until the mid-19th century. A devastating famine, exacerbated by government inaction in the century, led to demographic collapse in much of Ireland. It was an era of economic modernization and growth of industry, trade and finance. Outward migration was heavy to the colonies and to the United States. Britain also built up a large British Empire in Africa and Asia, India, by far the most important possession, saw a short-lived revolt in 1857. In foreign policy Britain favoured free trade, which enabled its financiers and merchants to operate successfully in many otherwise independent countries, as in South America. Britain formed no permanent military alliances until the early 20th century, when it began to cooperate with Japan, France and Russia, and moved closer to the United States. A brief period of limited independence for Ireland came to an end following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the British governments fear of an independent Ireland siding against them with the French resulted in the decision to unite the two countries. This was brought about by legislation in the parliaments of both kingdoms and came into effect on 1 January 1801, however, King George III was bitterly opposed to any such Emancipation and succeeded in defeating his governments attempts to introduce it. When the Treaty of Amiens ended the war, Britain agreed to return most of the territories it had seized, in May 1803, war was declared again. In 1806, Napoleon issued the series of Berlin Decrees, which brought into effect the Continental System and this policy aimed to eliminate the threat from the British by closing French-controlled territory to foreign trade. Frances population and agricultural capacity far outstripped that of the British Isles, Napoleon expected that cutting Britain off from the European mainland would end its economic hegemony. The Spanish uprising in 1808 at last permitted Britain to gain a foothold on the Continent, after Napoleons surrender and exile to the island of Elba, peace appeared to have returned. The Allies united and the armies of Wellington and Blucher defeated Napoleon once, simultaneous with the Napoleonic Wars, trade disputes, arming hostile Indians and British impressment of American sailors led to the War of 1812 with the United States. The war was little noticed in Britain, which could devote few resources to the conflict until the fall of Napoleon in 1814, American frigates inflicted a series of defeats on the Royal Navy, which was short on manpower due to the conflict in Europe
11.
Royal Air Force
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The Royal Air Force is the United Kingdoms aerial warfare force. Formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as, at the time, the largest air force in the world. The RAF describe its mission statement as, an agile, adaptable and capable Air Force that, person for person, is second to none, and that makes a decisive air power contribution in support of the UK Defence Mission. The mission statement is supported by the RAFs definition of air power, Air power is defined as the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events. Today the Royal Air Force maintains a fleet of various types of aircraft. The majority of the RAFs rotary-wing aircraft form part of the tri-service Joint Helicopter Command in support of ground forces, most of the RAFs aircraft and personnel are based in the UK, with many others serving on operations or at long-established overseas bases. It was founded on 1 April 1918, with headquarters located in the former Hotel Cecil, during the First World War, by the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps, at that time it was the largest air force in the world. The RAFs naval aviation branch, the Fleet Air Arm, was founded in 1924, the RAF developed the doctrine of strategic bombing which led to the construction of long-range bombers and became its main bombing strategy in the Second World War. The RAF underwent rapid expansion prior to and during the Second World War, under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan of December 1939, the air forces of British Commonwealth countries trained and formed Article XV squadrons for service with RAF formations. Many individual personnel from countries, and exiles from occupied Europe. By the end of the war the Royal Canadian Air Force had contributed more than 30 squadrons to serve in RAF formations, additionally, the Royal Australian Air Force represented around nine percent of all RAF personnel who served in the European and Mediterranean theatres. In the Battle of Britain in 1940, the RAF defended the skies over Britain against the numerically superior German Luftwaffe, the largest RAF effort during the war was the strategic bombing campaign against Germany by Bomber Command. Following victory in the Second World War, the RAF underwent significant re-organisation, during the early stages of the Cold War, one of the first major operations undertaken by the Royal Air Force was in 1948 and the Berlin Airlift, codenamed Operation Plainfire. Before Britain developed its own nuclear weapons the RAF was provided with American nuclear weapons under Project E and these were initially armed with nuclear gravity bombs, later being equipped with the Blue Steel missile. Following the development of the Royal Navys Polaris submarines, the nuclear deterrent passed to the navys submarines on 30 June 1969. With the introduction of Polaris, the RAFs strategic nuclear role was reduced to a tactical one and this tactical role was continued by the V bombers into the 1980s and until 1998 by Tornado GR1s. For much of the Cold War the primary role of the RAF was the defence of Western Europe against potential attack by the Soviet Union, with many squadrons based in West Germany. With the decline of the British Empire, global operations were scaled back, despite this, the RAF fought in many battles in the Cold War period
12.
Flight lieutenant
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It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in non-English-speaking countries, especially those with an air force-specific rank structure. Flight lieutenant ranks above flying officer and below squadron leader, the name of the rank is the complete phrase, it is never shortened to lieutenant. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-3, and is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy and a captain in the British Army and the Royal Marines. The equivalent rank in the Womens Auxiliary Air Force, Womens Royal Air Force, on 1 April 1918, the newly created RAF adopted its officer rank titles from the British Army, with Royal Naval Air Service lieutenants and Royal Flying Corps captains becoming captains in the RAF. In response to the proposal that the RAF should use its own titles, it was suggested that the RAF might use the Royal Navys officer ranks. For example, the current rank of lieutenant would have been air lieutenant. It was also suggested that RAF captains might be entitled flight-leaders, however, the rank title flight lieutenant was chosen as flights were typically commanded by RAF captains and the term flight lieutenant had been used in the Royal Naval Air Service. The rank of lieutenant has been used continuously since 1 August 1919. The RAFs promotion system is automatic up until Flight Lieutenant, every officer will attain the rank provided they complete their professional training and do not leave early. For Aircrew, Flight Lieutenant is reached 2.5 years after commissioning, BEng/MEng qualified engineers 2.5 and 1.5 years respectively, and for all ground branch officers,3.5 years. Aircrew are appointed to an Early Departure Payment Commission upon reaching their Operational Conversion Unit, promotion to Squadron Leader thereafter is strictly upon merit, officers promoted beyond Flight Lieutenant are appointed to a Career Commission, or service to age 60. Resigning a commission is generally dependent on the needs of the Service, most aircrew reach their squadrons as Flight Lieutenants due to the length of training time required. The majority of squadron line pilots are flight lieutenants, with some squadron executives or Career Commission aircrew reaching Squadron Leader, the role of a Flight Lieutenant generally involves management of a team of specialists Non-Commissioned Officers and airmen, within their specific branch. Flight Lieutenant is the most common rank in the RAF, in April 2013, for example, there were 8,230 RAF officers, in RAF informal usage, a flight lieutenant is sometimes referred to as a flight lieuy. A Flight Lieutenants starting salary is £39,236.40 as of 2015, in the Air Training Corps, a flight lieutenant is usually the officer commanding of a squadron. Retired flight lieutenants are the first rank that may continue to use their rank after they have active service. The rank insignia consists of two narrow blue bands on slightly wider black bands and this is worn on both the lower sleeves of the tunic or on the shoulders of the flight suit or the casual uniform. The rank insignia on the uniform is similar to the naval pattern
13.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
14.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
15.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
16.
Henry VIII of England
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Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII, Henry is best known for his six marriages and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, annulled. Despite his resulting excommunication, Henry remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, domestically, Henry is known for his radical changes to the English Constitution, ushering in the theory of the divine right of kings to England. Besides asserting the supremacy over the Church of England, he greatly expanded royal power during his reign. Charges of treason and heresy were commonly used to quash dissent, and he achieved many of his political aims through the work of his chief ministers, some of whom were banished or executed when they fell out of his favour. Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More, Thomas Cromwell, Richard Rich and his contemporaries considered Henry in his prime to be an attractive, educated, and accomplished king, and he has been described as one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne. He was an author and composer, as he aged, Henry became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh. He was succeeded by his son Edward VI, born 28 June 1491 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, London, Henry Tudor was the third child and second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Of the young Henrys six siblings, only three – Arthur, Prince of Wales, Margaret, and Mary – survived infancy and he was baptised by Richard Fox, the Bishop of Exeter, at a church of the Observant Franciscans close to the palace. In 1493, at the age of two, Henry was appointed Constable of Dover Castle and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. He was subsequently appointed Earl Marshal of England and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at age three, and was inducted into the Order of the Bath soon after. The day after the ceremony he was created Duke of York, in May 1495, he was appointed to the Order of the Garter. Henry was given an education from leading tutors, becoming fluent in Latin and French. Not much is known about his early life – save for his appointments – because he was not expected to become king, as Duke of York, Henry used the arms of his father as king, differenced by a label of three points ermine. In 1502, Arthur died at the age of 15 of sweating sickness, Arthurs death thrust all his duties upon his younger brother, the 10-year-old Henry. After a little debate, Henry became the new Duke of Cornwall in October 1502, Henry VII gave the boy few tasks. Young Henry was strictly supervised and did not appear in public, as a result, the young Henry would later ascend the throne untrained in the exacting art of kingship
17.
Anne of the Thousand Days
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Anne of the Thousand Days is a 1969 British costume drama made by Hal Wallis Productions and distributed by Universal Pictures. It was directed by Charles Jarrott and produced by Hal B, the film tells the story of Anne Boleyn. The film stars Richard Burton as King Henry VIII and Geneviève Bujold as Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth Taylor makes a brief, uncredited appearance. Irene Papas plays Catherine of Aragon, Geneviève Bujolds portrayal of Anne, her first in an English-speaking film, was, however, very highly praised, even by Time magazine, which otherwise skewered the movie. The play Anne of the Thousand Days, the basis, was first enacted on Broadway in the Shubert Theatre on 8 December 1948. Potter, with Rex Harrison and Joyce Redman as Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn respectively, running 288 performances, Harrison won a Tony Award for his performance. Cinematically, Anne of the Thousand Days took twenty years to reach the screen because its themes – adultery, illegitimacy, the film was made on such locations as Penshurst Place and Hever Castle, and at Pinewood and Shepperton Studios. Hever Castle was one of the settings for the film. The stunning formal Tudor gardens provided the setting for the film. Starting in 1527, Henry has a problem, he reveals his dissatisfaction with his wife and he is currently enjoying a discreet affair with Mary Boleyn, a daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn who is one of his courtiers, but the King is bored with her too. At a court ball, he notices Marys 18-year-old sister Anne and she is engaged to the son of the Earl of Northumberland and they have received their parents permission to marry. The King, however, is enraptured with Annes beauty and orders his Lord Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, when news of this decision is carried to Anne, she reacts furiously. She blames the Cardinal and the King for ruining her happiness, when Henry makes a rather clumsy attempt to seduce her, Anne bluntly informs him how she finds him, Ive heard what your courtiers say and Ive seen what you are. Youre spoiled and vengeful and bloody and your poetry is sour and your music is worse. You make love as you eat with a deal of noise. Henry brings her back to Court with him, whilst she continues to resist his advances out of a mixture of repugnance for Henry, however, she becomes intoxicated with the power that the Kings love gives her. Power is as exciting as love, she tells her brother George Boleyn, using this power, she continually undermines Cardinal Wolsey, who at first sees Anne as just a passing love interest for the King. When Henry again presses Anne to become his mistress, she repeats that she never give birth to a child who is illegitimate
18.
My Fair Lady
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My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, the original Broadway, London and film versions all starred Rex Harrison. The musicals 1956 Broadway production was a critical and popular success. It set a record for the longest run of any show on Broadway up to that time and it was followed by a hit London production, a popular film version, and numerous revivals. My Fair Lady has frequently called the perfect musical. Act I On a rainy night in Edwardian London, opera patrons are waiting under the arches of Covent Garden for cabs, Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl, runs into a young man called Freddy. She admonishes him for spilling her bunches of violets in the mud and she then flies into an angry outburst when a man copying down her speech is pointed out to her. The man explains that he studies phonetics and can identify anyones origin by their accent and he laments Elizas dreadful speech, asking why so many English people dont speak properly and explaining his theory that this is what truly separates social classes, rather than looks or money. He declares that in six months he could turn Eliza into a lady by teaching her to speak properly, the older gentleman introduces himself as Colonel Pickering, a linguist who has studied Indian dialects. The phoneticist introduces himself as Henry Higgins, and, as both have always wanted to meet each other, Higgins invites Pickering to stay at his home in London. He distractedly throws his change into Elizas basket, and she and her friends wonder what it would be like to live a comfortable, Elizas father, Alfred P. Doolittle, and his drinking companions, Harry and Jamie, all dustmen, stop by the next morning. He is searching for money for a drink, and Eliza shares her profits with him, Pickering and Higgins are discussing vowels at Higginss home when Mrs. Pearce, the housekeeper, informs Higgins that a young woman with a ghastly accent has come to see him. It is Eliza, who has come to take speech lessons so she can get a job as an assistant in a florists shop, Pickering wagers that Higgins cannot make good on his claim and volunteers to pay for Elizas lessons. An intensive makeover of Elizas speech, manners and dress begins in preparation for her appearance at the Embassy Ball, Higgins sees himself as a kindhearted, patient man who cannot get along with women. To others he appears self-absorbed and misogynistic, Alfred Doolittle is informed that his daughter has been taken in by Professor Higgins, and considers that he might be able to make a little money from the situation. Doolittle arrives at Higginss house the morning, claiming that Higgins is compromising Elizas virtue. Higgins is impressed by the natural gift for language and brazen lack of moral values. He and Doolittle agree that Eliza can continue to take lessons, Higgins flippantly recommends Doolittle to an American millionaire who has written to Higgins seeking a lecturer on moral values
19.
My Fair Lady (film)
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My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively, with Stanley Holloway, Gladys Cooper, a critical and commercial success, it won eight Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Director. In Edwardian London, Professor Henry Higgins, a scholar of phonetics, believes that the accent, Higgins selects as an example a young flower seller, Eliza Doolittle, who has a strong Cockney accent. Elizas ambition is to work in a shop, but her thick accent makes her unsuitable. Having come from India to meet Higgins, Pickering is invited to stay with the professor, the following morning, Eliza shows up at Higgins home, seeking lessons. Pickering is intrigued and offers to cover all expenses if the experiment should be successful, Higgins is impressed by the mans honesty, his natural gift for language, and especially his brazen lack of morals. Higgins recommends Alfred to a wealthy American who is interested in morality, Eliza goes through many forms of speech training, such as speaking with marbles in her mouth, enduring Higgins harsh approach to teaching and his treatment of her personally. She makes little progress, but just as she, Higgins, as a test, Higgins takes her to Ascot Racecourse, where she makes a good impression initially, only to shock everyone by a sudden lapse into vulgar Cockney while cheering on a horse. Higgins, who dislikes the pretentiousness of the class, partly conceals a grin behind his hand. Eliza poses as a lady at an embassy ball and even dances with a foreign prince. At the ball is Zoltan Karpathy, a Hungarian phonetics expert trained by Higgins, after a brief conversation with Eliza, he certifies that she is not only Hungarian, but of royal blood, declaring her to be a Princess. After all the effort she has put in, however, Eliza is given any credit. Accompanied by Freddy Eynsford-Hill, a man she met at Ascot and who is charmed by her, Eliza returns to her old life. She meets her father, who has left a large fortune by the wealthy American to whom Higgins had recommended him. Alfred feels that Higgins has ruined him, since he is now bound by morals, eventually, Eliza ends up visiting Higgins mother, who is incensed at her sons behaviour. The next day, Higgins finds Eliza gone and searches for her, Higgins attempts to talk Eliza into coming back to him. He becomes angered when Eliza announces that she is going to marry Freddy and he makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. However, he comes to the realization that he has grown accustomed to her face, Henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness
20.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
21.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
22.
Anna and the King of Siam (film)
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Anna and the King of Siam is a 1946 drama film directed by John Cromwell. Darryl F. Zanuck read Landons book in galleys and immediately bought the film rights, the story mainly concerns the culture clash of the Imperialist Victorian values of the British Empire with the supposedly autocratic rule of Siams King Mongkut. The successful film starred Rex Harrison as the king and Irene Dunne as Anna, at the 19th Academy Awards ceremony, the film received two Oscars, for Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction. Nominations also went to Bernard Herrmanns score, to the screenplay, Landons novel was later adapted by Rodgers and Hammerstein for their 1951 stage musical The King and I and subsequent 1956 film of the same name. American film director Andy Tennant remade the film in 1999 as Anna, the historical Anna Leonowens surname is shortened to Owens in this film. Also, Tuptim is ultimately executed cruelly by the king, following an episode in Leonowenss book, while in the musical, Anna Leonowens and her son Louis arrive in Bangkok to tutor the children of the King. She believes she is acquainted with Asian customs to know what is proper in Siam. However, when the Kralahome or Prime Minister comes out to welcome her, he asks her a number of personal questions, and she does not know that this is common courtesy in Siam. Her letter from the King asking her to come to Siam includes a promise that she will have a house of her own away from the Palace, but the Kralahome says she will have to stay in the harem for now. He says it is New Year in Siam and the King is busy with many festivities and ceremonies, but he will work her into the schedule. When he does so, he tells her that it is polite to prostrate oneself before the King, Anna refuses, Mongkut challenges her with personal questions, she responds with nonsensical answers. Liking her spirit, he introduces her to his wives and his 67 children. She is enchanted, but reminds him that he promised her a house and he refuses to remember that he promised such a thing and insists she live in the palace, where she will be more accessible in case students have questions. When she insists, she is shown a house in the fishmarket. Lady Thiang, the head wife knows English and translates, among other things, Anna teaches proverbs and songs about promises and home or houses. Soon even the royal secretary is singing Home, under his breath as he works. Meanwhile, the Kralahome comes in and tells Mongkut that Cambodia, once a part of Siam, has sold out to the French, the King says his plan is to hold onto Siam, to save what he can. He finally cedes to Anna on the matter of the house, she likes it, however, the Kralahome tells her to stay, because Mongkut is a complex man who needs her influence
23.
The Ghost and Mrs. Muir
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The Ghost and Mrs. Muir is a romantic fantasy film starring Gene Tierney and Rex Harrison. The director was Joseph L. Mankiewicz and it is based on a 1945 novel written by Josephine Leslie under the pseudonym of R. A. Dick. In 1945, 20th Century Fox bought the rights to the novel. It was shot entirely in California, in the early 1900s, young widow Lucy Muir moves to the seaside English village of Whitecliff despite the fierce disapproval of her caterwauling mother-in-law and domineering sister-in-law. Despite its reputation of being haunted, she falls in love with and rents Gull Cottage, where she takes up residence with her young daughter Anna and her maid Martha. On the first night, she is visited by the apparition of the former owner, a roguish but harmless sea captain named Daniel Gregg. He was trying to close a window which blew open during a storm and he further explains that he had wanted to turn Gull Cottage into a home for retired seamen in generations to come. After learning of Lucys appreciation of the house, Daniel reluctantly agrees to allow her to live in Gull Cottage, despite a few differences and disagreements with Captain Gregg, Mrs. Muir and her household settle comfortably into Gull Cottage. However, it is not long before Mrs. Muirs in-laws arrive with the news that Lucys investment income has dried up, and they insist that Lucy move back to London with them. After his ghostly eviction of the in-laws, Captain Gregg comes up with an idea to save the house, he will dictate his memoirs to her and she will have them published, with the royalties going to her. During the course of writing the book, they find themselves falling in love, when she visits the publisher in London, Lucy becomes attracted to suave Miles Fairley, a writer of childrens stories under the nom-de-plume of Uncle Neddy, who helps her obtain an interview. Despite a rocky beginning, the publisher agrees to publish the Captains book, the Captains racy recollections, published under the title Blood and Swash, become a bestseller, allowing Lucy to buy the house. Fairley follows her back to Whitecliff and begins a whirlwind courtship, Captain Gregg, initially disgusted of their relationship, decides finally to cease being an obstacle to her happiness. While Lucy sleeps, Daniel places the suggestion in her mind that she wrote the book. His task accomplished, Captain Gregg disappears from the house, shortly thereafter, while again visiting her publisher in London, Lucy decides to pay a surprise visit to Fairleys home. There she discovers to her horror that not only is Miles already married with two children, but that sort of thing has happened before with other women. Lucy leaves heartbroken and returns to Whitecliff to spend the rest of her life as a recluse in Gull Cottage, about ten years later, Anna returns with her fiancé, a Royal Navy lieutenant. In the course of a conversation with her mother, Anna reveals that Captain Greggs ghost was her childhood companion during the same year Lucy and she also knew about her mothers relationship with Miles Fairley all the time, rekindling faint memories in her mother of the Captain
24.
Cleopatra (1963 film)
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Cleopatra is a 1963 American epic historical drama film chronicling the struggles of Cleopatra VII, the young Queen of Egypt, to resist the imperial ambitions of Rome. It was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and shot in the 70 mm Todd-AO format, with a screenplay adapted by Mankiewicz, Ranald MacDougall, the film stars Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Rex Harrison, Roddy McDowall, and Martin Landau. It was the most expensive ever made up to that point. Cleopatra later won four Academy Awards, and was nominated for five more, Caesar follows him to Egypt, under the pretext of being named the executor of the will of their father, Ptolemy XII. Much to his dismay, Caesar is given Pompeys head as a gift, as Caesar stays in one of the palaces, a slave named Apollodorus brings him a gift. When the suspicious Caesar unrolls the rug, he finds Cleopatra herself concealed within and he is intrigued with her beauty and warm personality, and she convinces him to restore her throne from her younger brother. Soon after, Cleopatra warns Caesar that her brother has surrounded the palace with his soldiers, counterattacking, he orders the Egyptian fleet burned so he can gain control of the harbor. The fire spreads to the city, destroying the famous Library of Alexandria, Cleopatra angrily confronts Caesar, but he refuses to pull troops away from the fight with Ptolemys forces to quell the fire. In the middle of their spat, Caesar forcefully kisses her, the Romans hold, and the armies of Mithridates arrive on Egyptian soil, causing Ptolemys offensive to collapse. The following day, Caesar is in control of the kingdom. Cleopatra is crowned Queen of Egypt and she begins to develop megalomaniacal dreams of ruling the world with Caesar, who in turn desires to become king of Rome. They marry, and when their son Caesarion is born, Caesar accepts him publicly, which becomes the talk of Rome, after he is made dictator for life, Caesar sends for Cleopatra. She arrives in Rome in a procession and wins the adulation of the Roman people. The Senate grows increasingly discontented amid rumors that Caesar wishes to be made king, on the Ides of March in 44 BC, the Senate is preparing to vote on whether to award Caesar additional powers. They assassinate Caesar and split up the empire, Lepidus receives Africa, Octavian Spain and Gaul, however, the rivalry between Octavian and Antony is becoming apparent. Cleopatra is angered after Caesars will recognizes his adopted son Octavian instead of Caesarion as his official heir, while planning a campaign against Parthia in the east, Antony realizes he needs money and supplies, and cannot get enough from anywhere but Egypt. After refusing several times to leave Egypt, Cleopatra gives in, Antony becomes drunk during a lavish feast. Cleopatra sneaks away, leaving a slave dressed as her, but Antony discovers the trick, the war is decided at the naval Battle of Actium on September 2,31 BC where Octavians fleet, under the command of Agrippa, defeats the Antony-Egyptian fleet
25.
Doctor Dolittle
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Doctor John Dolittle is the central character of a series of childrens books by Hugh Lofting starting with the 1920 The Story of Doctor Dolittle. He is a doctor who shuns human patients in favour of animals and he later becomes a naturalist, using his abilities to speak with animals to better understand nature and the history of the world. Doctor Dolittle first appeared in the authors illustrated letters to children, written from the trenches during World War I when actual news, the stories are set in early Victorian England, where Doctor John Dolittle lives in the fictional English village of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in the West Country. Doctor Dolittle has a few human friends, including Tommy Stubbins and Matthew Mugg. The animal team includes Polynesia, Gub-Gub, Jip, Dab-Dab, Chee-Chee, Too-Too, the Pushmi-pullyu, one inspiration for his character appears to be the Scottish surgeon John Hunter. The Story of Doctor Dolittle, Being the History of His Peculiar Life at Home, the sequel The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle won the prestigious Newbery Medal. The next three, Doctor Dolittles Post Office, Doctor Dolittles Circus, and Doctor Dolittles Caravan take place during and/or after the events of The Story of Doctor Dolittle. Five more novels followed, and after Loftings death in 1947 and it is a series of food-themed animal vignettes. Doctor Dolittles Birthday Book is a little day-book illustrated with pictures and it appeared between Doctor Dolittles Return and Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake. Doctor Dolittle Meets a Londoner in Paris is a story included in The Flying Carpet, pp. 110–19. The main events of The Story of Doctor Dolittle take place in 1819 or 1820, the Voyages of Doctor Dolittle begins in 1839. Backstory references indicate that Dr. However, its possible that the chronology is not consistent. There have been a number of adaptations of the Doctor Dolittle stories in other media, A1928 silent animated short in German by Lotte Reiniger, a 1967 film musical starring Rex Harrison. A 1970–1972 TV cartoon series Doctor Dolittle, produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises for 20th Century Fox Television, a 1970s stage play by Olga Fricker, Hugh Loftings sister-in-law. A1973 stage adaptation by the Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale which was used during their tour to Belgium. Aired in the US in 1984 as The Voyages of Dr. Dolittle, but in 1990 in Japan the first six episodes were released as a home-video release before being stopped and thus resuming entirely as a TV release seven years later. It was animated by Knack Productions, a series of BBC audio books read by Alan Bennett. A1998 stage musical by Leslie Bricusse, based on the film musical
26.
Doctor Dolittle (film)
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Doctor Dolittle is a 1967 American musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough. It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the series by Hugh Lofting. It primarily fuses three of the books The Story of Doctor Dolittle, The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle, the film exceeded its original budget of $6 million by three times, and recouped $9 million upon release in 1967, earning only $6.2 million in theatrical rentals. Dolittle claims that he can talk to animals, in a flashback, he explains that he kept so many animals in his home that they created havoc with his human patients, who took their medical needs elsewhere. His sister, who served as his housekeeper, demanded that he dispose of the animals or she would leave, Polynesia taught him that different animal species can talk to each other, prompting Dolittle to study animal languages so that he could become an animal doctor. While treating a horse, Dolittles lack of human empathy offends the horses owner, Bellowes niece, Emma Fairfax, chides Dolittle for his irresponsibility and rudeness to her uncle. Matthew falls in love with her at first sight, after she has gone, Dolittle admits he also finds her attractive. A friend of Dolittles sends him a rare Pushmi-pullyu, a creature that looks like a llama with a head on each end of its body, Dolittle takes the creature to a nearby circus, where the Pushmi-Pullyu becomes the star attraction. The doctor befriends a circus seal named Sophie who longs to return to her husband at the North Pole, Dolittle disguises her in womens clothing to convey her to the coast, and then throws her into the ocean. Fishermen mistake the seal for a woman, and have Doctor Dolittle arrested on a charge of murder, General Bellowes is the magistrate in his case, but Dolittle proves he can converse with animals by talking with Bellowes dog. Though Dolittle is acquitted, the judge sentences him to a lunatic asylum. Dolittles animal friends rescue him, and he, Matthew, Tommy, Polynesia, Chee-Chee and they randomly choose their destination, Sea-Star Island, a floating island currently in the Atlantic Ocean. The ship is torn apart during a storm, but everyone washes ashore on Sea-Star Island, Emma and Dolittle admit they have grown to like each other. The party is met by the natives, whom they mistake for hostile savages. The populace are in fact highly educated and cultured from reading books that have washed ashore from innumerable shipwrecks and their leader is William Shakespeare the Tenth, his name reflects the tribes tradition of naming children after favorite authors. William explains that they are wary of coming to the island. Mistrust leads the islanders to blame the doctor and his party, Dolittle persuades a whale to push the island south, but this causes a balancing rock to drop into a volcano, fulfilling a prophecy that dooms Dolittle and party to be burned at the stake. The whale also causes the island to rejoin the mainland, fulfilling another prophecy that dictates that the doctor and his friends be heralded as heroes, and they are freed
27.
Elizabeth II
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Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
28.
Liverpool
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Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in North West England.24 million people in 2011. Liverpool historically lay within the ancient hundred of West Derby in the south west of the county of Lancashire and it became a borough from 1207 and a city from 1880. In 1889 it became a county borough independent of Lancashire, Liverpool sits on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary and its growth as a major port is paralleled by the expansion of the city throughout the Industrial Revolution. Along with general cargo, freight, raw materials such as coal and cotton, the city was also directly involved in the Atlantic slave trade. Liverpool was home to both the Cunard and White Star Line, and was the port of registry of the ocean liner RMS Titanic and others such as the RMS Lusitania, Queen Mary, and Olympic. The city celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2007, and it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway, several areas of Liverpool city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO in 2004. The Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City includes the Pier Head, Albert Dock, tourism forms a significant part of the citys economy. Liverpool is also the home of two Premier League football clubs, Liverpool and Everton, matches between the two being known as the Merseyside derby, the world-famous Grand National horse race takes place annually at Aintree Racecourse on the outskirts of the city. The city is home to the oldest Black African community in the country. Natives of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians and colloquially as Scousers, a reference to scouse, the word Scouse has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Pool is a place name element in England from the Brythonic word for a pond, inlet, or pit, cognate with the modern Welsh. The derivation of the first element remains uncertain, with the Welsh word Llif as the most plausible relative and this etymology is supported by its similarity to that of the archaic Welsh name for Liverpool Llynlleifiad. Other origins of the name have suggested, including elverpool. The name appeared in 1190 as Liuerpul, and it may be that the place appearing as Leyrpole, in a record of 1418. King Johns letters patent of 1207 announced the foundation of the borough of Liverpool, the original street plan of Liverpool is said to have been designed by King John near the same time it was granted a royal charter, making it a borough. The original seven streets were laid out in an H shape, Bank Street, Castle Street, Chapel Street, Dale Street, Juggler Street, Moor Street, in the 17th century there was slow progress in trade and population growth. Battles for the town were waged during the English Civil War, in 1699 Liverpool was made a parish by Act of Parliament, that same year its first slave ship, Liverpool Merchant, set sail for Africa. Since Roman times, the city of Chester on the River Dee had been the regions principal port on the Irish Sea
29.
Terence Rattigan
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Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan, CBE was a British dramatist. He was one of Englands most popular mid twentieth century dramatists and his plays are typically set in an upper-middle-class background. He is known for works as The Winslow Boy, The Browning Version, The Deep Blue Sea and Separate Tables. A troubled homosexual, who saw himself as an outsider, his plays confronted issues of sexual frustration, failed relationships and adultery, Terence Rattigan was born in 1911 in South Kensington, London, United Kingdom, of Irish Protestant extraction. He had a brother, Brian. They were the grandsons of Sir William Henry Rattigan, a notable India-based jurist and his father was Frank Rattigan CMG, a diplomat whose exploits included an affair with Princess Elisabeth of Romania which resulted in her having an abortion. Rattigans birth certificate and his announcement in The Times indicate he was born on 9 June 1911. However, most reference books state that he was born the following day, there is evidence suggesting that the date on the birth certificate is incorrect. He was given no name, but he adopted the middle name Mervyn in early adulthood. Rattigan was educated at Sandroyd School from 1920 to 1925, at the based in Cobham, Surrey. Rattigan played cricket for the Harrow First XI and scored 29 in the Eton–Harrow match in 1929 and he was a member of the Officer Training Corps and organised a mutiny, informing the Daily Express. Even more annoying to his headmaster, Cyril Norwood, was the telegram from the Eton OTC and he then went to Trinity College, Oxford. Success as a playwright came early, with the comedy French Without Tears in 1936, Rattigans determination to write a more serious play produced After the Dance, a satirical social drama about the bright young things and their failure to politically engage. The outbreak of the Second World War scuppered any chances of a long run. During the war, Rattigan served in the Royal Air Force as a gunner, his experiences helped inspire Flare Path. He was a friend of Spike Milligans junior officer, Lieutenant Tony Goldsmith, Rattigan wrote an obituary of his friend and sent it to The Times. A copy of it is in Rommel, Rattigan responded to this critical disfavour with some bitterness. His plays Ross, Man and Boy, In Praise of Love, aunt Edna inspired Joe Orton to create Edna Welthorpe, a mischievous alter ego stirring up controversy about his own plays
30.
French Without Tears
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French Without Tears is a comic play written by a 25-year-old Terence Rattigan in 1936. It takes place in a school for adults needing to acquire French for business reasons. The play was a success on its London debut, establishing Rattigan as a dramatist, critics thought it gay, witty, thoroughly contemporary. With a touch of lovable truth behind all its satire and it ran for over 1,000 performances in London and over 100 in New York. It also established Rex Harrison as a major star, scattered throughout are Franglais phrases and schoolboy misunderstandings of the French language. A film version, directed by Anthony Asquith and starring Ray Milland, was released in 1940, in 1960 Rattigan himself refashioned the work as the musical Joie de Vivre but it was not a success
31.
Bell, Book and Candle
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Bell, Book and Candle is a 1958 American romantic comedy Technicolor film directed by Richard Quine, based on the successful Broadway play by John Van Druten and adapted by Daniel Taradash. It stars Kim Novak as a witch who casts a spell on her neighbor played by James Stewart, rounding out the supporting cast are Jack Lemmon, Ernie Kovacs, Hermione Gingold and Elsa Lanchester. The film is considered Stewarts last as a romantic lead, during the Christmas holiday season, Greenwich Village witch Gillian Holroyd, a free spirit with a penchant for going barefoot, has been unlucky in love and restless in life. She admires from afar her neighbor, publisher Shep Henderson, who one day walks into her gallery of African art to use the telephone, after Gillians aunt Queenie put a spell on his phone. When she learns he is about to marry an old enemy of hers, Merle Kittridge, Gillian takes revenge by casting a love spell on Shep. She must make a choice, as witches who fall in love lose their supernatural powers, when she decides to love Shep, Gillians cat and familiar, Pyewacket, becomes agitated and leaves. Sidney Redlitch, the author of the best-selling book Magic in Mexico, Redlitch is researching a book on witches in New York, and he acquires an inside collaborator when Gillians warlock brother Nicky volunteers his services in exchange for a portion of the proceeds. Gillian uses her magic to make Shep lose interest in Nicky and Redlitchs book, Shep becomes angry, believing she enchanted him just to spite Merle, and the two quarrel. Meanwhile, Shep finds he literally cannot leave Gillian, because of the spell, to escape, he turns to another witch, Bianca De Pass, who breaks the spell. Shep confronts Gillian and leaves her heartbroken and he then tries unsuccessfully to explain to Merle that Gillian is a witch. Months later, Shep returns and discovers Gillian has lost her powers because of her love for him. When he realizes her love is true, the two reconcile, david O. Selznick purchased the rights to Van Drutens play in 1953, planning to cast his wife, Jennifer Jones, in the part of Gil. At the urging of Daniel Taradesh and Julian Blaustein, Columbia purchased the property from Selznick in 1956. For the lead roles, Taradash and Blaustein hoped to get Rex Harrison and Lilli Palmer, who had starred in the play, Novak was on loan to Paramount making Vertigo and the scheduling conflict put Harrison out of consideration as well. Since the arrangement with Paramount for Novaks appearance in Vertigo included reciprocity, Bell, Book and Candle is generally recognized as Stewarts final romantic leading role. Early in 1957 producers also launched a somewhat promotional search for Siamese cats to play Pyewacket, according to one release, as many as 12 cats were needed to perform the number of stunts in the film. Production began February 3,1958, and was completed April 7, the movie was scored by George Duning, another Columbia veteran who earned praise for his work on From Here to Eternity. The main theme melds bongos and violins, evoking elements of the plot, heard during the opening credits, each witch, including Pyewacket the cat, is identified by a musical signature
32.
The Cocktail Party
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The Cocktail Party is a play by T. S. Eliot. Elements of the play are based on Alcestis, by the Ancient Greek playwright Euripides, the play was the most popular of Eliots seven plays in his lifetime, although his 1935 play, Murder in the Cathedral, is better remembered today. It was written while Eliot was a scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1948. The Cocktail Party was first performed at the Edinburgh Festival in 1949, the play starts out seeming to be a light satire of the traditional British drawing room comedy. As it progresses, however, the work becomes a philosophical treatment of human relations. As in many of Eliots works, the play uses absurdist elements to expose the isolation of the human condition. In another recurring theme of Eliots plays, the Christian martyrdom of the character is seen as a sacrifice that permits the predominantly secular life of the community to continue. The lecture was published as Poetry and Drama and later included in Eliots 1957 collection On Poetry, Edward and Lavinia Chamberlayne are separated after five years of marriage. Lavinia is brought back by a mysterious Unidentified Guest at the party and they each learn that they have been deceiving themselves and must face lifes realities. They learn that their life together, though hollow and superficial, is preferable to life apart and this message is difficult for the plays third main character, Edwards mistress, to accept. She, with the urging, also moves on towards a life of greater honesty and salvation. Two years later, Edward and Lavinia, now better adjusted, Martin Browne, The Cocktail Party premiered on Broadway on January 21,1950, at the Henry Millers Theatre and ran for 409 performances. Produced by Gilbert Miller and directed by E. Martin Browne and it received the 1950 Tony Award for Best Play. The play also ran in London with Rex Harrison as the uninvited guest, a revival opened on October 7,1968, at the Lyceum Theatre and ran for 44 performances. The Chamberlaynes were played by Brian Bedford and Frances Sternhagen, with Sydney Walker as the mysterious stranger, Guinness returned to the role of the uninvited guest at the Chichester Festival Theatre under his own direction in 1968, taking the production to London later in the year. In the spring of 2010, the New York-based Off-Broadway company The Actors Company Theatre presented the play. T. S. Eliot, The Complete Poems and Plays Grover Smith, T. S. Eliots Poetry and Plays, A Study in Sources and Meaning E. Martin Browne, the Cocktail Party at the Internet Broadway Database The T. S. Eliot Page
33.
Shubert Theatre (New York City)
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The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert and it shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly different interiors. The two theatres are connected by a private road/sidewalk, Shubert Alley and it opened on October 2,1913 with Hamlet, starring Sir John. Forbes-Robertson followed by the October 21,1913 opening of the George Bernard Shaw play, Caesar and Cleopatra, the theatres longest tenant was A Chorus Line, which ran for 6,137 performances from 1975 to 1990 and set the record for longest running show in Broadway history. Later long runs have included Crazy for You, Chicago, Spamalot, Memphis, the theatre has also been a recurring venue for the Tony Awards. The top floor of the houses the offices of the Shubert Organization. The theatres auditorium and murals were restored in 1996 and it has been designated a New York City landmark. The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing 1959 Take Me Along 1961, Bye Bye Birdie 1962, I Can Get It for You Wholesale, Stop the World - I Want to Get Off 1963, Heres Love 1964, Oliver. The theatre is featured in the 1950 Academy Award winning film All About Eve. In the 2005 film version of Mel Brookss The Producers, the musicals Funny Boy, Springtime for Hitler, in the NBC show Smash, the show Heaven On Earth is playing at the Shubert Theater. In the Family Guy episode Brians Play, Stewie Griffins play, Shubert Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database The Shubert Organization Broadway Show Guide
34.
Maxwell Anderson
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James Maxwell Anderson was an American playwright, author, poet, journalist and lyricist. Anderson was born in Atlantic, Pennsylvania, the second of eight children to William Lincoln Link Anderson, a Baptist minister, and Charlotte Perrimela Stephenson, both of Scots and Irish descent. His family initially lived on his maternal grandmother Sheperds farm in Atlantic, then moved to Andover, Ohio and they moved often, to follow their fathers ministerial posts, and Maxwell was frequently sick, missing a great deal of school. He used his time sick in bed to read voraciously, during a visit to his grandmothers house in Atlantic, at age 11, he met the first love of his life, Hallie Loomis, a slightly older girl from a wealthier family. His autobiographical tale, Morning, Winter and Night told of rape, incest and it was published under a pseudonym, John Nairne Michealson, to prevent offending family. The Andersons bounced between Andover, Ohio, Richmond Center, Ohio, Townville, Pa, harrisburg, Pa. to Jamestown, North Dakota in 1907, where Anderson attended Jamestown High School, graduating in 1908. As an undergraduate, he waited tables and worked at the copy desk of the Grand Forks Herald. He obtained a BA in English Literature from the University of North Dakota in 1911 and he became the principal of a high school in Minnewaukan, North Dakota, also teaching English there, but was fired in 1913 for making pacifist statements to his students. He then entered Stanford University, obtaining an M. A. in English Literature in 1914 and he became a high school English teacher in San Francisco, after three years he became chairman of the English department at Whittier College in 1917. He was fired after a year for public statements supporting Arthur Camp, Anderson moved to Palo Alto to write for the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, but was fired for writing an editorial stating that it would be impossible for Germany to pay off its war debt. So he moved to San Francisco to write for the San Francisco Chronicle, alvin Johnson hired Anderson to move to New York City and write about politics for The New Republic in 1918, but he was fired after an argument with Editor-in-Chief Herbert David Croly. Anderson found work at The New York Globe, and the New York World, in 1921, he founded The Measure, A Journal of Poetry, a magazine devoted to verse. Which was successfully produced in 1924 in New York City, afterwards he resigned from the World, launching his career as a dramatist. His plays are in varying styles, and Anderson was one of the few modern playwrights to make extensive use of blank verse. His first Broadway hit was the gritty 1924 World War I comedy-drama, What Price Glory, the play was notable for its use of profanity, which caused censors to protest. But when the chief censor was found to have far more obscene letters to General Chamberlaine, he was discredited. The only one of his plays that he adapted to the screen was Joan of Lorraine. When Bergman and her director changed much of his dialogue to make Joan a plaster saint he called her a big, dumb, goddamn Swede
35.
Julie Andrews
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Dame Julia Elizabeth Julie Andrews, DBE is an English actress, singer, author, theatre director and dancer. Andrews, an actress and singer, appeared on the West End in 1948. She rose to prominence starring in Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady, playing Eliza Doolittle, in 1957, Andrews starred in the premiere of Rodgers and Hammersteins written-for-television musical Cinderella, a live network broadcast seen by over 100 million viewers. Andrews made her film debut in Mary Poppins, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role. She starred in The Sound of Music, playing Maria, between 1964 and 1986, she starred in The Americanization of Emily, Hawaii, Torn Curtain, Thoroughly Modern Millie, Star. The Tamarind Seed,10, Victor/Victoria, Thats Life. in 2000, Andrews was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts. In 2002, she was ranked #59 in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, in 2003, she revisited her first Broadway success, this time as a stage director, with a revival of The Boy Friend. From 2001 to 2004, Andrews starred in The Princess Diaries, The Princess Diaries 2, from 2004 to 2010, she lent her voice to the Shrek animated films, and Despicable Me. She is an author of books and has published her autobiography, Home. Julia Elizabeth Wells was born on 1 October 1935 in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey and her mother, Barbara Ward Wells was born in Chertsey and married Edward Charles Ted Wells, a teacher of metalwork and woodwork in 1932. However, Andrews was conceived as a result of an affair her mother had with a family friend. Andrews discovered her true parentage from her mother in 1950, although it was not publicly disclosed until her 2008 autobiography, with the outbreak of World War II, Barbara and Ted Wells went their separate ways and were soon divorced. Ted Wells assisted with evacuating children to Surrey during the Blitz, Andrews lived briefly with Ted Wells and her brother John in Surrey. In 1940, Ted Wells sent young Julia to live with her mother and stepfather, who, the Andrews family was very poor and we lived in a bad slum area of London, Andrews recalled, adding, That was a very black period in my life. According to Andrews, her stepfather was violent and an alcoholic, Ted Andrews twice, while drunk, tried to get into bed with his stepdaughter, resulting in Andrews fitting a lock on her door. The Andrews family took up residence at the Old Meuse, in West Grove, Hersham and she had an enormous influence on me, Andrews said of Stiles-Allen, adding, She was my third mother – Ive got more mothers and fathers than anyone in the world. In her memoir Julie Andrews – My Star Pupil, Stiles-Allen records, The range, accuracy and she had possessed the rare gift of absolute pitch. According to Andrews, Madame was sure that I could do Mozart and Rossini, of her own voice, she says I had a very pure, white, thin voice, a four-octave range – dogs would come for miles around
36.
Luigi Pirandello
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Luigi Pirandello was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre, Pirandellos works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandellos tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd, Pirandello was born into an upper-class family in a village with the curious name of u Càvusu, a poor suburb of Girgenti. Both families, the Pirandellos and the Ricci Gramittos, were ferociously anti-Bourbon and actively participated in the struggle for unification, Pirandello would eventually assimilate this sense of betrayal and resentment and express it in several of his poems and in his novel The Old and the Young. It is also probable that this climate of disillusion inculcated in the young Luigi the sense of disproportion between ideals and reality which is recognizable in his essay on humorism, by the age of twelve he had already written his first tragedy. At the insistence of his father, he was registered at a school but eventually switched to the study of the humanities at the ginnasio. In 1880, the Pirandello family moved to Palermo and it was here, in the capital of Sicily, that Luigi completed his high school education. He also began reading omnivorously, focusing, above all, on 19th-century Italian poets such as Giosuè Carducci and he then started writing his first poems and fell in love with his cousin Lina. During this period the first signs of serious contrast between Luigi and his father began to develop, Luigi had discovered some notes revealing the existence of Stefanos extramarital relations. This later expressed itself, after her death, in the pages of the novella Colloqui con i personaggi in 1915. His romantic feelings for his cousin, initially looked upon with disfavour, were taken very seriously by Linas family. They demanded that Luigi abandon his studies and dedicate himself to the business so that he could immediately marry her. In 1886, during a vacation from school, Luigi went to visit the mines of Porto Empedocle. The marriage, which seemed imminent, was postponed, Pirandello then registered at the University of Palermo in the departments of Law and of Letters. The campus at Palermo, and above all the Department of Law, was the centre in those years of the vast movement which would evolve into the Fasci Siciliani. In 1887, having chosen the Department of Letters, he moved to Rome in order to continue his studies. When I arrived in Rome it was raining hard, it was time and I felt like my heart was being crushed. The desperate laugh, the manifestation of revenge for the disappointment undergone, inspired the bitter verses of his first collection of poems
37.
Henry IV (Pirandello)
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Henry IV is an Italian play by Luigi Pirandello written in 1921 and premiered to general acclaim at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan on 24 February 1922. A study on madness with comic and tragic elements, it is about a man who believes himself to be Henry IV and it has been translated into English by Tom Stoppard, among others. Rex Harrison starred in a noted British production which went to Broadway in 1973, an unnamed Italian aristocrat falls off his horse while playing the role of Henry IV during carnevale festivities, which take place annually before Lent. After he comes to, he himself to be Henry. De Nollis dying mother requests that he bring a doctor, Dionisio Genoni, all the action of the play occurs on the day of the doctors visit. Accompanying de Nolli and the doctor are, Lady Matilda Spina, a portrait of the young Matilda in costume from the pageant, dressed as Matilda of Tuscany hangs on the wall of the throne room. Frida, her daughter, de Nollis fiancée, Frida is now the spitting image of her mother as she was then. The play begins with the induction of Berthold into the band of privy councillors and he has prepared for the part in Henry IVs court. The visitors then arrive and are introduced to Henry. Henry mistakes the disguised Belcredi for the monk Peter Damian and reacts angrily, act two begins with speculation among the visitors about Henry, as well as what he sees in Matilda, who argues constantly with Belcredi. Henry enters once more and his behaviour is increasingly erratic, once the visitors arrive Henry declares to his councillors that he is not truly mad, but has been aware of the nature of his existence for some time. However he has preferred to stay as he was than to live in the 20th century and his behaviour and speech remain abnormal. Upon learning of this revelation the visitors confront Henry, who acts angrily to them, at the end of the act he grabs Frida, who is dressed as in the portrait in preparation for the Doctors plan to shock Henry out of his madness. In the ensuing altercation Henry stabs Belcredi, the visitors flee, and Henry resumes his regal persona as the curtain falls. Westinghouse Studio One live television performance of December 1949 Henry IV public domain audiobook at LibriVox
38.
Theatre Royal Haymarket
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The Theatre Royal Haymarket is a West End theatre in the Haymarket in the City of Westminster which dates back to 1720, making it the third-oldest London playhouse still in use. Samuel Foote acquired the lease in 1747, and in 1766 he gained a patent to play legitimate drama in the summer months. The original building was a further north in the same street. It has been at its current location since 1821, when it was redesigned by John Nash and it is a Grade I listed building, with a seating capacity of 888. The freehold of the theatre is owned by the Crown Estate, the Haymarket has been the site of a significant innovation in theatre. In 1873, it was the venue for the first scheduled matinée performance, famous actors who débuted at the theatre included Robert William Elliston and John Liston. It was the public theatre opened in the West End. The theatre cost £1000 to build, with a further £500 expended on decorations, scenery and costumes. It opened on 29 December 1720, with a French play La Fille a la Morte, potters speculation was known as The New French Theatre. In 1730, the theatre was taken over by an English company, among the actors who appeared there before 1737 when the theatre was closed under the Licensing Act 1737 were Aaron Hill, Theophilus Cibber, and Henry Fielding. In the eight to ten years before the Act was passed, the Haymarket was an alternative to John Richs Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and the opera-dominated Drury Lane Theatre. Fielding himself was responsible for the instigation of the Act, having produced a play called The Historical Register that parodied prime minister Robert Walpole, as the caricature, in particular, it was an alternative to the pantomime and special-effects dominated stages, and it presented opposition satire. Henry Fielding staged his plays at the Haymarket, and so did Henry Carey, hurlothrumbo was just one of his plays in that series of anti-Walpolean satires, followed by Tom Thumb. Another, in 1734, was his mock-opera, The Dragon of Wantley and this work punctured the vacuous operatic conventions and pointed a satirical barb at Walpole and his taxation policies. The piece was a success, with a record-setting run of 69 performances in its first season. The burlesque itself is very brief on the page, as it relied extensively on absurd theatrics, dances, the Musical Entertainer from 1739 contains engravings showing how the staging was performed. Carey continued with Pasquin and others, the Theatrical Licensing Act, however, put an end to the anti-ministry satires, and it all but entirely shut down the theatre. In 1749 a hoaxer billed as The Bottle Conjuror was advertised to appear at the theatre, the conjurors publicity claimed that, while on stage, he would place his body inside an empty wine bottle, in full view of the audience
39.
Claudette Colbert
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Claudette Colbert was an American film actress and a leading lady in Hollywood for over two decades, and has been called The mixture of inimitably beauty, sophistication, wit, and vivacity. Colbert began her career in Broadway productions during the late 1920s, initially associated with Paramount Pictures, Colbert later gradually shifted to working as a freelance actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in It Happened One Night, other notable films include Cleopatra and The Palm Beach Story. During her career, Colbert starred in more than sixty movies and she was the industrys highest-paid star in 1938 and 1942. Among her frequent co-stars were Fred MacMurray in seven films, by the early 1950s, she had largely retired from the screen in favor of television and stage work, earning a Tony Award nomination for The Marriage-Go-Round in 1959. Her career tapered off during the early 1960s, but in the late 1970s she experienced a resurgence in theater. For her television work in The Two Mrs. Grenvilles she won a Golden Globe Award, in 1999, the American Film Institute voted Colbert the 12th Greatest Female star of classic Hollywood cinema. Émilie Lily Claudette Chauchoin was born in Saint-Mandé, France, to Georges Claude Chauchoin, despite being christened Émilie, she was called Lily, because she had an aunt living with her by the name of Émilie. The aunt was her maternal grandmothers adopted child, Emilie Loew, who was not a relative, worked as a dressmaker. Colberts nickname Lily came from Jersey-born actress Lillie Langtry, Colberts brother, Charles Auguste Chauchoin, was also born in Jersey. While Georges Chauchoin had lost the sight in his eye and hadnt settled into a profession, he worked as investment banker. Marie Loew had already been to the U. S. Marie was willing to help Georges financially but also encouraged him to try his luck in the U. S. In order to more employment opportunities, her family including Marie and Emilie Loew emigrated into Manhattan in 1906. They lived in a fifth-floor walk-up at 53rd Street, Colbert stated that climbing those stairs to the fifth floor every day until 1922 made her legs beautiful. Her parents formally changed her name to Lily Claudette Chauchoin. Georges Chauchoin worked as an official at First National City Bank. Colbert quickly learned English from her grandmother Marie Loew before entering public school and she had hoped to become a painter since she could first grasp a pencil. In 1912 her family was naturalized in the U. S and her mother wanted to become an opera singer
40.
Frederick Lonsdale
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Frederick Lonsdale was an English dramatist. Lonsdale was born Lionel Frederick Leonard in St Helier, Jersey, the son of Susan and John Henry Leonard and he began as a private soldier and worked for the London and South Western Railway. His daughters included Angela Worthington and his biographer Frances Donaldson, while his grandsons included the actors Edward Fox, James Fox, frank Curzon produced the young Lonsdales first work, the musical King of Cadonia. Lonsdales more substantial than usual dialogue for the shows Ruritanian comic opera plot won King of Cadonia fine notices, Lonsdales next success was five years later, for George Edwardes, with Betty. Lonsdale continued to write some musicals after the war and he adapted Booth Tarkingtons Monsieur Beaucaire as a highly successful light opera and Jean Gilberts Die Frau im Hermelin and Katja, die Tänzerin, as well as Leo Falls Madame Pompadour. He also wrote the original book to the Parisian tale of The Street Singer for Phyllis Dare. He also began to write comedies, and his plays included Arent We All. Spring Cleaning, The Last of Mrs. Cheyney, On Approval, Canaries Sometimes Sing and his last play, The Way Things Go, was written in 1949, more than 40 years after his first stage work and five years before his death from a heart attack. Archived from the original on 1 June 2004, Frederick Lonsdale at the Internet Movie Database
41.
Aren't We All?
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Arent We All. is a play by Frederick Lonsdale. At the core of the drawing room comedys slim plot is the Hon, the play premiered on Broadway on May 21,1923 with a cast that included Leslie Howard. Neither this production nor a revival two years later was successful, a film version was made in 1932. This starred Gertrude Lawrence and Owen Nares, and was produced by Walter Morosco, six decades later, a West End revival directed by Clifford Williams and presented by impresario Douglas Urbanski opened at the Haymarket Theatre in 1984 and transferred to Broadway. Drama Desk Award nominations went to Redgrave as Outstanding Actress in a Play, following the Broadway run, the production toured successfully for nearly a year, playing in Los Angeles, Sydney, Melbourne, and a sold-out run at Washingtons National Theatre. Arent We All. at the Internet Broadway Database Arent We All. at the Internet Movie Database Arent We All. at the TCM Movie Database
42.
J. M. Barrie
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Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland but moved to London, although he continued to write successfully, Peter Pan overshadowed his other work, and is credited with popularising the name Wendy. Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents, Barrie was made a baronet by George V on 14 June 1913, and a member of the Order of Merit in the 1922 New Year Honours. Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in London, James Matthew Barrie was born in Kirriemuir, Angus to a conservative Calvinist family. His father David Barrie was a successful weaver. His mother Margaret Ogilvy had assumed her mothers household responsibilities at the age of eight. Barrie was the child of ten, all of whom were schooled in at least the three Rs in preparation for possible professional careers. His siblings were, Alexander, Mary Ann, Jane, Elizabeth, Agnes, David Ogilvy, Sarah, Isabella and he was a small child and drew attention to himself with storytelling. He only grew to 5 ft 3 1⁄2 in, when he was 6 years old, Barries next-older brother David died two days before his 14th birthday in an ice-skating accident. This left his mother devastated, and Barrie tried to fill Davids place in his mothers attentions, even wearing Davids clothes, one time, Barrie entered her room and heard her say, Is that you. I thought it was the boy she was speaking to, wrote Barrie in his biographical account of his mother Margaret Ogilvy and I said in a little lonely voice, No, its no him. Barries mother found comfort in the fact that her son would remain a boy forever, never to grow up. Eventually, Barrie and his mother entertained each other stories of her brief childhood and books such as Robinson Crusoe, works by fellow Scotsman Walter Scott. At the age of 8, Barrie was sent to the Glasgow Academy in the care of his eldest siblings Alexander and Mary Ann, when he was 10, he returned home and continued his education at the Forfar Academy. At 14, he left home for Dumfries Academy, again under the watch of Alexander and he became a voracious reader, and was fond of Penny Dreadfuls and the works of Robert Michael Ballantyne and James Fenimore Cooper. At Dumfries, he and his friends spent time in the garden of Moat Brae house and they formed a drama club, producing his first play Bandelero the Bandit, which provoked a minor controversy following a scathing moral denunciation from a clergyman on the schools governing board. Barrie knew that he wished to follow a career as an author, however, his family attempted to persuade him to choose a profession such as the ministry. With advice from Alexander, he was able to out a compromise, he would attend a university
43.
The Admirable Crichton
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The Admirable Crichton is a comic stage play written in 1902 by J. M. Barrie. Barrie took the title from the sobriquet of a fellow Scot, the polymath James Crichton, the epigram-loving Ernest is probably a caricature of the title character in Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest. The plot may derive from Robinsons Eiland, an 1896 German play by Ludwig Fulda, the contemporary critic Arthur Bingham Walkley, however, viewed the connection as merely a rumour, I feel quite indifferent as to its accuracy of fact. Act One is set in Loam Hall, the household of Lord Loam, Loam considers the class divisions in British society to be artificial. He promotes his views during tea-parties where servants mingle with his aristocratic guests, Crichton particularly disapproves, considering the class system to be the natural outcome of a civilised society. At the beginning of Act Two, Loam, his family and friends, the resourceful Crichton is the only one of the party with any practical knowledge, and he assumes, initially with reluctance, the position of leader. Act Three reveals the two years later. Crichton has civilised the island with farming and house building and now, called the Guv. is waited on with the trappings and privileges of power, Lady Mary, Loams daughter, falls in love with him, forgetting her engagement to Lord Brocklehurst at home. Just as she and Crichton are about to be married by a clergyman who was shipwrecked with them, after a moments temptation not to reveal their whereabouts, Crichton makes the conventionally decent choice and launches a signal. As the rescuers greet the castaways, he resumes his status as butler, Act Four is set back at Loam Hall, where the status quo ante has returned uneasily. The Loams and their friends are embarrassed by Crichtons presence, since Ernest has published an account of events on the island, presenting himself. Lady Brocklehurst, Lord Brocklehursts mother, quizzes the family and servants about events on the island, the household evades these questions, except for a final one when Lady Mary reacts with shock – Oh no, impossible. – to the suggestion that Crichton might become butler at her married household, to protect her, Crichton explains the impossibility is due to his leaving service, and the play ends with his and Lady Marys regretful final parting. The play deals with class issues that were controversial at the time. Barrie had considered a controversial resolution – particularly an upbeat ending with Crichton and Lady Mary continuing their relationship –. It was produced by Charles Frohman and opened at the Duke of Yorks Theatre in London on 4 November 1902, irving as Crichton and Irene Vanbrugh as Lady Mary Lasenby. In 1903, the play was produced on Broadway by Frohman, starring William Gillette as Crichton, tyler revived it at the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York in 1931 starring Walter Hampden as Crichton, Hubert Bruce at the Earl of Loam and Fay Bainter as Lady Mary Lasenby. The play was revived in London in 1989 with Edward Fox as Crichton, harrisons mentor Gerald Du Maurier played the nephew in the original production
44.
Edward Fox (actor)
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Edward Charles Morice Fox, OBE is an English stage, film and television actor. He played the part of the assassin, known only as the Jackal. He portrayed King Edward VIII in the British television drama series Edward & Mrs. Simpson, Fox was born in Chelsea, London, the son of Robin Fox, a theatrical agent, and Angela Muriel Darita Worthington, an actress and writer. He is the brother of actor James Fox and film producer Robert Fox. His paternal great-grandfather was industrialist and inventor Samson Fox, and his grandmother was Hilda Hanbury. His maternal grandfather was dramatist Frederick Lonsdale, and his grandmother was the daughter of football player and stockbroker Charles Morice. Fox was educated at Harrow School in northwest London and served as a lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards, Fox made his theatrical début in 1958, and his first film appearance was as an extra in The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner. He also had a part as a waiter in This Sporting Life. Throughout the 1960s he worked mostly on stage, including a turn as Hamlet, in the late 1960s and early 1970s he established himself with roles in major British films including Oh. What a Lovely War, Battle of Britain and The Go-Between, in The Go-Between, he played the part of Lord Hugh Trimingham, for which he won a BAFTA award for Best Supporting Actor. Fox won the role, beating out contenders such as Roger Moore. He also starred in Force 10 from Navarone, with Robert Shaw and he portrayed King Edward VIII in the television drama Edward & Mrs. Simpson. In the film Gandhi, Fox portrayed Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, responsible for the Amritsar massacre in India and he then appeared as M in the unofficial Bond film Never Say Never Again, a remake of Thunderball. He also appeared in The Bounty and Wild Geese II both opposite Laurence Olivier, and in The Importance of Being Earnest, Nicholas Nickleby, Fox has consolidated his reputation with regular appearances on stage in Londons West End. He was seen in Four Quartets, a set of four poems by T. S. Eliot accompanied by the music of Johann Sebastian Bach performed by Christine Croshaw. In 2010, Fox performed a show, An Evening with Anthony Trollope. In 2013 he replaced Robert Hardy in the role of Winston Churchill in the premiere of The Audience, for his role as Viscount Trimingham in The Go-Between, he won Best Supporting Actor award at the following years British Academy Film Awards. For his role as Lieutenant General Horrocks in A Bridge Too Far, in 2003, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his services to theatre and British cinema
45.
Patrick Garland
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Patrick Ewart Garland was a British director, writer, and actor. Garland was educated at St Marys College, Southampton, and St Edmund Hall, where he studied English and was Literary Editor of Isis, President of the Oxford University Poetry Society and President of the Oxford University Dramatic Society. His poetry had appeared in John Lehmanns The London Magazine and the annual PEN anthology during his teens and he was photographed in Oxford at 23 by Lord Snowdon and later. His maternal grandfather was an artist and editor of Connoisseur Magazine and his appearances as an actor included An Age of Kings, where he played Prince John in Henry IV, Part 2 and Clarence in Richard III, among others. Garland started Poetry International in 1963 with Ted Hughes and Charles Osborne and he was a director and producer for the BBCs Music and Arts Department, and worked on its Monitor series. In 1964, he directed the Monitor film, Down Cemetery Road and his work with the BBC arts department also included interviews with Noël Coward, Stevie Smith, and Marcel Marceau. His television film of The Snow Goose won a Golden Globe for Best Movie made for TV, meanwhile, his career in the theatre had begun to develop. He also raised money to build and open the second auditorium. He was the director to have had four plays running in the West End of London at the same time. In 1978 Patrick directed Under the Greenwood Tree at Salisbury Playhouse and this production transferred to the Vaudeville Theatre in the Strand London West End in the spring of 1979. In 1980, Garland was responsible for the York Mystery Plays and he directed the revival of My Fair Lady on Broadway in the early 1980s with Rex Harrison and Don Giovanni and in Japan, Handels opera Ottone. He also directed Eileen Atkins in his own adaptation of Virginia Woolfs book A Room of Ones Own. In 2000, he directed Simon Callow in The Mystery of Charles Dickens by Peter Ackroyd, followed by a tour that culminated in Australia and Broadway and he also worked with Alan Bennett again, directing Patricia Routledge in the second Talking Heads and Bennett himself in Telling Tales. He directed Fanfare for Elizabeth at Covent Garden on Queen Elizabeth IIs 60th Birthday,1989 he directed the Thanksgiving Service in Westminster Abbey for Lord Olivier. In 1998 Garland devised A Christmas Glory for the 300th anniversary of St Pauls Cathedral and he has also devised and presented several performances for the Charleston Festival. Garland had been working on his memoirs as well as a book about Corsica, both remained unfinished at the time of his death. It was announced that his memoirs will be completed by Simon Callow, Garland was married to the actress Alexandra Bastedo from 1980. The wedding took place at Chichester Cathedral and he was awarded Honorary D Litt at the University of Southampton 1994 and an Honorary Fellow of St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1997
United Kingdom
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