Roman economy
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The study of the economies of the ancient city-state of Rome and its empire during the Republican and Imperial periods remains highly speculative. There are no surviving records of business and govern
Solidus depicting Constantine II, and on the reverse Victoria, one of the last deities to appear on Roman coins, gradually transforming into an angel under Christian rule
Landscape resulting from the ruina montium mining technique at Las Médulas, Roman Spain, one of the most important gold mines in the Roman Empire
World production of lead, estimated from Greenland ice cores, peaked in the 1st century AD, and strongly declined thereafter. World production would only surpass Roman levels in the middle of the 18th century.
Workers at a cloth-processing shop, in a painting from the fullonica of Veranius Hypsaeus in Pompeii
Roman Empire
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The Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period. The Roman Republic had previously conquered most of these
Roman economy
…prolonged crisis of the First Punic War and created economic distortion and difficulties. Following the Punic Wars, during the late Republic and the early Roman Empire, the economy became more monetized and a more sophisticated financial system emerged. Emperors issued coinage stamped with their portraits to disseminate…
Augustus of Prima Porta
Nerva (r. 96–98)
Trajan (r. 98–117)
Hadrian (r. 117–138)