1.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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Devin DeVasquez
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Devin Renee DeVasquez is an American model and actress. She was chosen as Playboys Playmate of the Month in June 1985 and her centerfold was photographed by Richard Fegley. Her father was from Madrid, Spain and her mother is of Irish descent and she appeared in Cant Buy Me Love with Patrick Dempsey and went on to star in Society with Billy Warlock. DeVasquez has appeared in over 100 commercials and authored the book, The Naked Truth About A Pinup Model which is about pinup modeling and she married Ronn Moss, who played Ridge Forrester on the CBS series, The Bold and the Beautiful on September 25,2009. She dated pop star Prince in the mid-1980s, to help those who were affected by Hurricane Katrina, DeVasquez created Devins Kickass Cajun Seasoning and offered it through her business, DevRonn Enterprises. Official website DevRonn Enterprises Devin DeVasquez at Playboy Online Devin DeVasquez at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Ridge Forrester
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Ridge Forrester is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera, The Bold and the Beautiful. The character was introduced in the premiere on March 23,1987 and has been a regular fixture ever since. Ronn Moss played the role since the beginning, and was one of four remaining original cast members for 25 years, along with Susan Flannery, John McCook, lane Davies briefly replaced Moss for a small amount of time in 1992. In October 2013, TV Guides Michael Logan reported that the role of Ridge was recast with former All My Children actor, Kaye made his first appearance as Ridge on December 13,2013. Father to Thomas, Steffy, and RJ, and stepfather to Hope, the one-time conflicted lover has finally settled down with Brooke, the true love of his life. In December 2013 during an interview with TV Guide, executive producer Bradley Bell talked about a significant change in Ridges personality following the recasting of the role. He described, Hes become very introspective about the first chapter of his life, Hes been working, traveling, keeping a low profile and really trying to analyze himself and the mistakes hes made. Hes been thinking a lot about what he wants for the remainder of his life, in August 2012, it was announced that Moss had decided to leave The Bold and the Beautiful after 25 years of being on the series. He will exit the series on September 14,2012, I do have people in mind in terms of a recast — some very interesting people. Bell also revealed that the character would return at some point in the future and he revealed, Bell later announced he would recast the role, should Moss choose not to return, and had several high-profile actors in mind. On October 15,2013, it was announced that former All My Children star Thorsten Kaye was recast in the role of Ridge and he made his on-screen debut on December 13,2013. Bradley Bell explained that Kaye was at the top of his list for a Ridge recast and he said, Ive had Thorsten on a list of several possible Ridges for a long time. Some of the actors on that list came from daytime, others had never done daytime before, Ridge Forrester is the son of Eric and Stephanie Forrester, the oldest of the five Forrester children, Thorne, Kristen, Felicia and Angela. He is initially portrayed as an arrogant playboy who enjoys his status as the favored son. Yet, like Eric, Ridge is a designer and soon becomes a central part of the family company. He dates the virginal heiress, Caroline Spencer Forrester and they fall in love and set a wedding date, but right before the wedding, Caroline finds out Ridge had a last minute fling and she collapsed at the wedding. Ridge didnt realize he really loved Caroline until she breaks up with him and she went on to marry his brother Thorne and Ridge ventured into a romance with Brooke Logan. Ridge moved Brooke in with him, she became pregnant but miscarried their child, during her recuperation, Ridge went into an inebriated Carolines bedroom while her husband Thorne was downstairs and had sex with Caroline
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CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
8.
Soap opera
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A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past, the first serial considered to be a soap opera was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20,1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. The first nationally broadcast radio soap opera was Clara, Lu, and Em, a crucial element that defines the soap opera is the open-ended serial nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. One of the features that makes a television program a soap opera. While Spanish language telenovelas are sometimes called soap operas, telenovelas have conflicts that get resolved, but with soap operas each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode. You spend more time even with the characters, the apparent villains grow less apparently villainous. Soap opera storylines run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments, each episode may feature some of the shows current storylines, but not always all of them. Soap operas rarely bring all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time, when one storyline ends, there are several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger, evening soap operas and those that air at a rate of one episode per week are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode, and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger, the article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, the storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. These elements may be found across the gamut of soap operas, Due to the prominence of English-language television, most soap-operas are completely English. In many soap operas, in particular daytime serials in the US, Soap operas from the United Kingdom and Australia tend to focus on more everyday characters and situations, and are frequently set in working class environments. Many of the soaps produced in two countries explore social realist storylines such as family discord, marriage breakdown or financial problems. This diverges from US soap operas where such comedy is rare, UK soap operas frequently make a claim to presenting reality or purport to have a realistic style. Romance, secret relationships, extramarital affairs, and genuine hate have been the basis for many soap opera storylines, in US daytime serials, the most popular soap opera characters, and the most popular storylines, often involved a romance of the sort presented in paperback romance novels. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder may go unpunished if the perpetrator is to be retained in the ongoing story, Australian and UK soap operas also feature a significant proportion of romance storylines. In Russia, most popular serials explore the romantic quality of criminal and/or oligarch life, in soap opera storylines, previously unknown children, siblings and twins of established characters often emerge to upset and reinvigorate the set of relationships examined by the series
9.
The Bold and the Beautiful
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The Bold and the Beautiful is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. Set in Los Angeles, California, the show centers upon the Forrester family, the program features an ensemble cast, headed by its longest-serving actors John McCook as Eric Forrester and Katherine Kelly Lang as Brooke Logan. Since its premiere, the show has become the most-watched soap in the world, as of 2010, it continues to hold on to the second-placed position in weekly Nielsen Ratings for daytime dramas. The Bold and the Beautiful has also won 31 Daytime Emmy Awards, including one for Outstanding Drama Series in 2009 and again in 2010, as well as in 2011. On September 7,2011, the series switched to high definition, making it the second-to-last American soap to make the switch, at the time. B&B was the last American soap opera to make the transition due to the cancellation of ABCs One Life to Live before it returned along with All My Children on April 29,2013. It is the youngest airing daytime soap opera in the United States, since December 2,2013, The Bold and the Beautiful now airs same day CBS repeats on Pop. Set in Los Angeles, California, The Bold and the Beautiful centers around the Forrester family, the young lovers hurried to get married after Stephanie became pregnant. It was discovered later, when the children were all adults. The pilot episodes of the focuses on the preparations of the wedding of the Forresters eldest son, Ridge, to Caroline Spencer Forrester. At this time Ridge has already become a designer and vice president of Forrester Creations. In an ironic twist of fate, Beth was Erics college girlfriend before he married Stephanie, Brookes life soon becomes a key element in the series. Originally from a background, her love affair with Ridge sets up much of the story-line. Every so often, Ridge and Brooke reunite only to break up due to various circumstances, in addition, the rivalry between Ridges mother Stephanie and Brooke plays a key role in the drama. Following one of her breakups with Ridge, Brooke marries his father Eric, Brooke gives birth to two of Erics children. They eventually divorce and Eric reconciles with Stephanie, Eric eventually marries Brooks sister, Donna Logan and legally adopts her son Marcus. They later divorce due to their familys bitter history, Felicia and Kristen Forrester choose to follow their own paths, leaving the family company to be run by Ridge, Thorne, Rick, Marcus, and their families. For many years, Spectra Fashions was Forresters main rival, headed by Sally Spectra, sallys daughter Macy Alexander, a singer, undergoes many traumas, most notably alcoholism
10.
Theatre
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The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence, the specific place of the performance is also named by the word theatre as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον, itself from θεάομαι. Modern theatre, broadly defined, includes performances of plays and musical theatre, there are connections between theatre and the art forms of ballet, opera and various other forms. The city-state of Athens is where western theatre originated, participation in the city-states many festivals—and mandatory attendance at the City Dionysia as an audience member in particular—was an important part of citizenship. The Greeks also developed the concepts of dramatic criticism and theatre architecture, Actors were either amateur or at best semi-professional. The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play, the origins of theatre in ancient Greece, according to Aristotle, the first theoretician of theatre, are to be found in the festivals that honoured Dionysus. The performances were given in semi-circular auditoria cut into hillsides, capable of seating 10, the stage consisted of a dancing floor, dressing room and scene-building area. Since the words were the most important part, good acoustics, the actors wore masks appropriate to the characters they represented, and each might play several parts. Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the culture of the city-state. Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, no tragedies from the 6th century BCE and only 32 of the more than a thousand that were performed in during the 5th century BCE have survived. We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the origins of tragedy remain obscure, though by the 5th century BCE it was institution alised in competitions held as part of festivities celebrating Dionysus. As contestants in the City Dionysias competition playwrights were required to present a tetralogy of plays, the performance of tragedies at the City Dionysia may have begun as early as 534 BCE, official records begin from 501 BCE, when the satyr play was introduced. More than 130 years later, the philosopher Aristotle analysed 5th-century Athenian tragedy in the oldest surviving work of dramatic theory—his Poetics, Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. Old Comedy survives today largely in the form of the surviving plays of Aristophanes. New Comedy is known primarily from the papyrus fragments of Menander. Aristotle defined comedy as a representation of people that involves some kind of blunder or ugliness that does not cause pain or disaster. In addition to the categories of comedy and tragedy at the City Dionysia, finding its origins in rural, agricultural rituals dedicated to Dionysus, the satyr play eventually found its way to Athens in its most well-known form. Satyrs themselves were tied to the god Dionysus as his loyal companions, often engaging in drunken revelry
11.
Concert
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A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment
12.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
13.
RSO Records
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RSO Records was a record label formed by rock and roll and musical theatre impresario Robert Stigwood in 1973. The RSO stands for the Robert Stigwood Organisation, the companys main headquarters were at 67 Brook Street, in Londons Mayfair. The release of the two albums made RSO one of the most financially successful labels of the 1970s. As successful as the label was financially, the independent label produced successes on the pop charts never before seen by the recording industry. By one point in 1978, the label boasted an unprecedented sixth consecutive number-one single on the Billboard pop charts, holding the top spot for 21 consecutive weeks. With singles releases from the Grease album and another huge Andy Gibb smash, RSO would log a further 10 weeks at the number 1 position and this feat remains unduplicated by any record label to date. It also released a single that summer by Paul Jones. As well as the label was operating in 1978, the commercial and critical failure of RSOs movie version of Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band crippled the company, the woes of this failure were only somewhat offset by the middle of 1979, as the Bee Gees album Spirits Having Flown went on to eventually sell nearly 20 million copies. In 1980, the labels most famous act, the Bee Gees, the lawsuit was subsequently settled for an undisclosed amount, and after a public reconciliation, the band remained with the label until its dissolution. By 1981, Stigwood had ended his involvement with the label, all previous RSO releases were later re-released under Polydors label
14.
Baby Come Back (Player song)
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Baby Come Back is a song recorded by the American rock band Player. It was released in late 1977 as the first single from their self-titled first studio album, the song was their biggest single, hitting number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on the soul charts, in 1978. It was the single for the band, gaining them mainstream success. Written by lead singer Peter Beckett and J. C. Crowley, the founders of Player, Peter Beckett – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitars J. C. The song has been used in the film Safe Men, in 2011, it was the source of a parody by Chicago artist, Magic 1, entitled Cutty Come Back, which alludes to the Chicago Bears woes without quarterback Jay Cutler. The song is used in the Michael Bay blockbuster Transformers. In this case, after an incident with the girl he is attracted to, Mikaela, gets out of the car and Sam tries to persuade her to come back. The lyrics of the song are expected to accomplish this desire, as laid out by the filmmakers, actress/singer, Vanessa Hudgens, sampled the song in her debut single, Come Back To Me on her debut album, V in 2006. In The Simpsons episode Homer Alone, when Homer calls the Department of Missing Babies after losing Maggie, the song was featured in a 2011 Australian commercial for the Toyota Hilux. The song was used in a Swiffer commercial in the U. S. This song was sung by Hank Hill and Elroy Lucky Kleinschmidt in the Point After Lounge in the Church Hopping episode of King of the Hill. On a May 2014 episode of General Hospital, precocious Spencer Cassadine attempted to woo back Emma Scorpio-Drake by hiring Player to perform the song at the Nurses Ball, spencers great-grandmother Lesley Webber was supposedly a groupie of the band in the 1970s. In 2016, Peter Beckett performed a parody Brady Come Back on The Herd with Colin Cowherd about the return of New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady from suspension, joel Whitburns Presents Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, 1942-2004,2004, Record Research Inc. ISBN 978-0898201604 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Baby, Come Back
15.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
16.
Sara Smile
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Sara Smile is a song written and recorded by the American musical duo Hall & Oates. It was released in January 1976 as the single from their album Daryl Hall & John Oates. The song was the groups first Top 10 hit in the US, Sara Smile was the second single released from Hall & Oates 1975 self-titled album for RCA Records. Co-written by both halves of the duo, it was Hall & Oatess breakthrough single, with a #4 peak on the Billboard Hot 100 charts in 1976 and it was written about Halls then-girlfriend, Sara Allen. The couple was together for almost 30 years before breaking up in 2001, following the success of Sara Smile, the Atlantic Records label re-released the duos previous single, Shes Gone. Sara Smile was the duos first Top Ten hit, reaching #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it also peaked at #23 on Hot Soul Singles and #18 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Billboard ranked it as the No.11 song of 1976, the song also earned a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. R&B group After 7 released a version in 1997, on their greatest hits album The Very Best of After 7. It peaked at number 31 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay charts, r&B group Boyz II Men released a cover version in 2004, on their album Throwback, Vol.1. Country music singer Jimmy Wayne released a version in 2009. This version debuted at #51 on the Hot Country Songs chart dated October 3,2009 and serves as the track for Waynes third album. It became Hall & Oates first single to chart on the country charts, thom Jurek described the cover favorably in his review of the album, saying that Wayne basically apes Halls lead vocalnote for note but pulls it off in spades. Jimmy Waynes version of Sara Smile debuted at number 51 on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in September 2009, after seven weeks on the country chart, the song peaked at 31 in December 2009. British female singer-songwriter Rumer released a version on July 30,2012 as the second single from her second studio album Boys Dont Cry. The song has charted in Belgium Rumer and Daryl Hall perform the song together on Live From Daryls House, a music video to accompany the release of Sara Smile was first released onto YouTube on June 28,2012 at a total length of three minutes. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Sara Smile at AllMusic
17.
Hall & Oates
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Daryl Hall and John Oates, often referred to as Hall & Oates, are an American musical duo from Philadelphia. Daryl Hall is generally the lead vocalist of the pairing, John Oates primarily plays electric guitar and provides backing vocals. The two write most of the songs they perform, either separately or in collaboration and they achieved their greatest fame from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with a fusion of rock and roll and rhythm and blues. Hall and Oates have sold an estimated 40 million records throughout their career, in total, they had 34 chart hits on the US Billboard Hot 100, seven RIAA platinum albums, and six RIAA gold albums. Because of that success, Billboard magazine named them the most successful duo of the rock era. In 2003, Hall and Oates were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On September 2,2016 they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Daryl Franklin Hohl and John William Oates first met each other at the Adelphi Ballroom in Philadelphia in 1967. At the time they met, each was heading his own musical group and they were there for a band competition when gunfire rang out between two rival gangs, and in trying to escape, they ran to the same service elevator. One of the apartments they shared had Hall & Oates on the mailbox and it would take them another two years to form a musical duo, and three years after that, they signed to Atlantic Records and released their debut album. The two didnt start working together seriously until 1970 after Oates got back from a stay in Europe. Early in their careers, Hall & Oates had trouble clearly defining their sound, alternating among folk, soul, rock. None of their early albums - Whole Oats, Abandoned Luncheonette, despite being produced by such big-name producers such as Arif Mardin and Todd Rundgren, they had no hit singles during this time period, though Abandoned Luncheonette contained Shes Gone. This song would be covered by Lou Rawls and Tavares before Atlantic Records re-released the Hall & Oates version in 1976, Shes Gone, as covered by Tavares, did go to Number One on the R&B charts in 1974. It was originally written for Halls first wife, Bryna Lublin, another Abandoned Luncheonette single, Las Vegas Turnaround, was written about Halls girlfriend, flight attendant and future songwriting collaborator Sara Allen. Despite the fact none of the Atlantic albums were huge national hits. Paul, a number of tracks on Abandoned Luncheonette received significant airplay on local FM station KQRS resulting in the album being quite a big hit locally and this was enough to push the album into the charts, reaching #33 and staying on the charts for 38 weeks. Hall & Oates left their first record company, Atlantic Records, after the release of War Babies to join their second label and their first album for the new label Daryl Hall & John Oates was their first legitimate success. It contained the ballad Sara Smile, a song Hall wrote for his aforementioned girlfriend Sara Allen and it also featured an album cover in which Hall and Oates are overly made up with cosmetic blush to the point where they looked like women, especially the long-haired Hall
18.
Ambrosia (band)
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Ambrosia is an American rock band formed in southern California in 1970. Ambrosia had five Top 40 hit singles on Warner Bros. Records released between 1975 and 1980, including the Top 5 hits How Much I Feel and Biggest Part of Me. Most of the band members have been active with the group continuously for the past 25 years to the present day. In 2015 the group released a new single and plans to release an album of material in 2017. The group was founded as a quartet with guitarist/vocalist David Pack, bassist/vocalist Joe Puerta, keyboardist Christopher North and they chose the name Ambrosia in 1970 to represent a vision of their music, all shades, textures, colors and styles. While Ambrosia had several hits in the 1970s, much of the material on their five albums is progressive in nature. The founding constituents of Ambrosia were reared in Southern Californias South Bay and their initial musical influences, like many of their generation, came from The Beach Boys and The Beatles. Ambrosia fused symphonic art rock with a slick produced pop sound, early on, the band was infatuated with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and began to experiment with vocal harmonies. After the group attended a show at the Whisky a Go-Go in December 1969 to see an unknown but highly recommended new band called King Crimson, the musicians, inspired by the music and artists of the progressive rock era, acquired a significant regional admiration. In 1971 a friend who was doing sound for the Hollywood Bowl invited them to there on stage to test a new sound system that had been installed. Gordon Parry, the engineer in charge at the Bowl, was so impressed with the group that he invited them back to attend performances by the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He introduced them to conductor Zubin Mehta, who featured Ambrosia as part of a so-called All-American Dream Concert, Ambrosia auditioned for Herb Alpert and A&M Records early in their history, but were signed by Warner Brothers, who would release five albums by the group. The first album, Ambrosia, produced by Freddie Piro, was released in February 1975 and it spawned the Top 20 chart single Holdin On To Yesterday as well as the minor hit Nice, Nice, Very Nice. The latter sets to music the lyrics to a poem in Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle, the album was nominated for a Grammy award for Best Engineered Recording. Alan Parsons was the engineer for Ambrosias first album and the producer for their second, All four members of Ambrosia played on the first Alan Parsons Project album, Tales of Mystery and Imagination, which was recorded soon after Ambrosias first album. David Pack later appeared on the Alan Parsons album Try Anything Once, after lengthy touring, the band returned in September 1976 with Somewhere Ive Never Travelled. The album yielded the song and the single Cant Let A Woman. The record sleeve folded into a large pyramid, Somewhere Ive Never Travelled received a Grammy nomination and set the stage for the bands signing to Warner Bros
19.
Blue-eyed soul
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Blue-eyed soul is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations would play music by black musicians. The Righteous Brothers named their 1964 LP Some Blue-Eyed Soul, Blue-eyed soul was applied to such artists as Sonny & Cher, the Beatles, Tom Jones, Barry McGuire, and Roy Head. White musicians playing R&B music, however, began before the term blue-eyed soul was coined, lonnie Macks 1963 gospel-infused vocals earned him widespread critical acclaim as a blue-eyed soul singer. Groups such as The Rascals had soul-tinged pop songs, but it was the vocals of Felix Cavaliere that gave them the blue-eyed soul sound. By the mid-1960s, British singers Dusty Springfield, Eric Burdon, Blue-eyed soul singer, Chris Clark became the first white singer to have an R&B hit with Motown Records in 1966. In 1967, Jerry Lee Lewis, whose latter days at Sun Records had been characterized by R&B covers, delaney and Bonnie produced the blue-eyed soul album Home on Stax in 1969. Michael Sembello, who left home at age 17 to tour with Stevie Wonder, wrote and performed on numerous blue-eyed soul hits for Wonder, Brian McKnight, David Sanborn, Bill Champlin and Bobby Caldwell. Todd Rundgren began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a based on the model of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. He left the band to form the rock band Nazz in 1967. Outside the Anglo-American scene, in Italy, Mina and Carmen Villani fused elements of music with the traditional Italian pop music. Carola and Doris were notable Scandinavian artists who were influenced by soul music, in February 1975, Tower of Power became the first white/mixed act to appear on Soul Train. Also in 1975, David Bowie, another early white artist to appear on Soul Train, released Young Americans and it featured the funk-inspired Fame, which became Bowies first number-one hit in the US. Hall & Oates 1975 Silver Album includes the ballad Sara Smile, shes Gone, another soulful hit, was originally released in 1973 but did better as a re-release after Sara Smile. Boz Scaggs 1976 Lowdown, which featured Scaggs laid-back vocals and a funky groove. In April 1976, The Faragher Brothers became the first all-white ensemble to make an appearance on Soul Train. In September that year, white funk band Wild Cherry released the Billboard Hot 100 chart topping funk/rock single Play That Funky Music, the single would eventually sell 2.5 million copies
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Australians
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Australians, colloquially known as Aussies, are people associated with Australia, sharing a common history, culture, and language. Present-day Australians are citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia, governed by its nationality law, the majority of Australians descend from the peoples of the British Isles. Many early settlements were penal colonies, and transported convicts made up a significant proportion of the population in most colonies, large-scale immigration did not occur until the 1850s, following a series of gold rushes. Prior to British settlement, Australia was inhabited by indigenous peoples – Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal Tasmanians, and Torres Strait Islanders. A small percentage of present-day Australians descend from these peoples, the development of a separate Australian identity and national character is most often linked with the period surrounding the First World War, which gave rise to the concept of the Anzac spirit. The Eureka Rebellion of 1854 and various events of the Second World War, large-scale immigration occurred after the First and Second World Wars, with many post-World War II migrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe introducing a variety of elements. Immigration from the Middle East, south and east Asia, Australian culture has diverged significantly since British settlement. Australians are referred to as Aussie and Antipodean, Australians were historically referred to as Colonials, British and British subjects. Australian identity draws on a multicultural, European and British cultural heritage, today, Australians of Anglo and other European descent are the dominant majority in Australia, estimated at 85–92% of the total population. Historically, European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society, since soon after the beginning of British settlement in 1788, people of European descent have formed the majority of the population in Australia. The majority of Australians are of British – English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, or Manx –, although some observers stress Australias convict history, the vast majority of early settlers came of their own free will. Far more Australians are descended from assisted immigrants than from convicts, about 20% of Australians are descendants of convicts. Most of the first Australian settlers came from London, the Midlands and the North of England, anglo-Celtic Australians have been highly influential in shaping the nations culture. By the mid-1840s, the numbers of settlers had overtaken the convict population. In 1888,60 percent of the Australian population had been born in Australia, out of the remaining 40 percent,34 percent had been born in the British Isles, and 6 percent were of European origin, mainly from Germany and Scandinavia. In the 1840s, Scots-born immigrants constituted 12 percent of the Australian population, there were 1.3 million British migrants to Australia in the period from 1861–1914, of which 13.5 percent were Scots. 5.3 percent of the convicts transported to Eastern Australia between 1789 and 1852 were Scots, by 1850, there were 290,000 Aboriginal Australians. The European population grew from 0.3 percent of the population of the continent at 1800 to 58.6 percent at 1850, germans formed the largest non-British community for most of the 19th century
21.
Orleans (band)
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Orleans is an American pop rock band best known for its hits Dance with Me, Still the One, from the album Waking and Dreaming, and Love Takes Time. The groups name evolved from the music it was playing at the time of their formation, which was inspired by Louisiana artists such as Allen Toussaint, Orleans was formed in Woodstock, New York in January 1972 by vocalist/guitarist/songwriter John Hall, vocalist/guitarist/keyboardist Larry Hoppen and drummer/percussionist Wells Kelly. In October of that year, the group expanded to include Larrys younger brother, Lance, drummer Jerry Marotta joined in 1976, completing the quintet. Hall and his wife, Johanna, had just gained notoriety when their song Half Moon had appeared on their friend Janis Joplins posthumous album Pearl. Larry Hoppen, who grew up in Bay Shore, NY but relocated to Ithaca, after a swing through Europe playing guitar behind Karen Dalton on a Santana tour, Hall decided to start his own band in Woodstock. After months of playing the Cafe Expresso with different rhythm sections, Hall called his old friend Wells Kelly in Ithaca in December 1971, multi-instrumentalist Kelly accepted the offer on the condition that he play piano. For a brief time, the grouping consisted of Roy Markowitz on drums, Bill Gelber on bass, when Markowitz and Gelber left the band, Wells told John about his former bandmate from the Ithaca-based Boffalongo. Larrys 17-year-old brother, Lance Hoppen, was brought into Orleans around Halloween 1972 to play bass, freeing up Larry to play more guitar and keyboards. Orleans found its core audience touring the clubs and college circuit of the northeastern United States, crossing paths with other such as Bonnie Raitt, Tom Waits. Rolling Stone magazine called Orleans the best unrecorded band in America, Orleans II was finally put out in America in 1978, combined with the first album, as a double LP called Before the Dance. It was also released as a CD in Japan in the 1990s under its originally slated title Dance With Me, the follow-up single, Dance With Me, brought Orleans to No.6 on the pop charts and into the mainstream of American pop music. While recording their album, Waking and Dreaming, in the spring of 1976. Still the One, from Dreaming, cemented Orleans relationship with the American public, while the single was climbing the charts to peak eventually at No. 5, the band did a major cross-country ten week tour with label-mate Jackson Browne, in January 1977 the single was chosen as the theme song for the ABC television network and has since been used for numerous commercials and movie soundtracks. The follow-up, Reach, with John Hall on lead, peaked at No.51 in March 1977, Marotta departed not long afterwards to join Hall and Oates and eventually moved on to Peter Gabriels band. The new lineup signed a contract with the Infinity Records label and their debut there, Forever, collectively, the three Hot 100 top 20 Orleans hits have been aired over 7 million times. In 1979 Orleans continued to tour with such as Stephen Stills. In 1980 Infinity went bankrupt after an album with performances by Pope John Paul II failed to sell, Infinity was absorbed into MCA Records, who failed to promote their next album, simply titled Orleans
22.
Yacht rock
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Yacht rock is a broadly-encompassing musical style and aesthetic identified with the soft rock genre. Yacht rock was one of the biggest genres of its era, existing between the late 1970s and early 1980s, Some of the music may overlap with smooth soul, smooth jazz, R&B, funk, and disco. Common stylistic traits include high-quality production, clean vocals, and a focus on big-hearted melodies, the term yacht rock did not exist while the genre was active. Initially described as adult-oriented rock or the West Coast Sound, yacht rock music existed roughly between the years 1975–82 or 1976–84, yacht rock was coined in 2005 with the online video series of the same name created by J. D. Ryznar. It was originally termed as a pejorative, although its stigma has lessened in later years, Ryznar commented that the term was intended to refer to the more elite studio artists of the period. Some of the most popular acts included Hall & Oates, Michael McDonald, Kenny Loggins, Steely Dan, in part, yacht rock relates to the stereotype of the yuppie yacht owner, enjoying smooth music while out for a sail. Most people have generalized the term to mean anything kind of soft-and-70s-ish, not all yacht rock is soft, either, Totos Hold the Line and Kenny Loggins Footloose are both very yacht rock but not soft rock
23.
Little River Band
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Little River Band are a rock band originally formed in Melbourne, Australia, in March 1975. The band achieved success, not only in Australia but also in the United States. Nine singles appeared in the top 20 on the singles chart. Ten singles reached the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 with Reminiscing their highest peaking at No.3, only First Under the Wire appeared in the top 10 albums on the Billboard 200. Early members were Beeb Birtles, Ric Formosa, Graeham Goble, Roger McLachlan, Derek Pellicci, most of the groups 1970s and 1980s material was written by Goble and/or Shorrock, with contributions from Birtles, David Briggs and Pellicci. Little River Band have received many awards in Australia. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association, as part of its 75th anniversary celebrations, named Cool Change, written by Shorrock, Little River Band have undergone numerous personnel changes, with over 30 members since their formation. None of the musicians now performing as Little River Band are original members, in the 1980s members included John Farnham, David Hirschfelder, Stephen Housden, Wayne Nelson and Steve Prestwich. Currently the line-up is Nelson with Rich Herring, Greg Hind, Chris Marion, Two former members have died, Barry Sullivan in October 2003 and Steve Prestwich in January 2011. Upon formation they were an Australian super group with Birtles, Goble, Pellicci, Birtles had been the bass guitarist in the 1960s pop-rock band Zoot. During 1971–72 the original members of Mississippi also recorded as a band under the pseudonym Drummond. They achieved a hit, for eight consecutive weeks, on the Go-Set National Top 40. Shorrock had been the singer of a 1960s pop band, the Twilights. Both Axiom and Mississippi had tried to break into the United Kingdom record market without success, Axiom disbanded after moving to the UK, and Shorrock sang for a short period with a more progressive rock outfit, Esperanto. In 1974 Birtles, Goble, Pellicci and Shorrock met in London with Glenn Wheatley, with Wheatley as manager, they agreed to reconvene in Melbourne in early 1975. Due to the indifferent reception they had received in the UK. After their return to Australia, the members began rehearsing in February 1975, I booked the Golfview Hotel in Geelong for the Saturday night of 1 March 1975. While travelling to the venue down the Geelong Road from Melbourne, from the back of the truck Glenn Shorrock shouted, What about the Little River Band
24.
Bradamante
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Bradamante is a fictional knight heroine in two epic poems of the Renaissance, Orlando Innamorato by Matteo Maria Boiardo and Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto. Since the poems exerted an influence on later culture, she became a recurring character in Western art. Bradamante, a female Christian knight, is the sister of Rinaldo and falls in love with a Saracen warrior named Ruggiero, an expert in combat, she wields a magical lance that unhorses anyone it touches, and rescues Ruggiero from being imprisoned by the wizard Atlante. The two lovers are separated many times in the story, and her parents reject the suitor even after Ruggiero converts to Christianity and she decides to marry whoever withstands her in combat and Ruggiero overcomes the challenge. At the end, their marriage give rise to the noble House of Este, the poems drew from legends of Charlemagne, chansons de geste, and blended recurring motifs found in the Matter of France and the Matter of Britain. In 1582, French dramatist Robert Garnier wrote a tragicomedy named Bradamante that further develops the story between the heroine and Roger. Bradamante, composed by Louis Lacoste with a written by Pierre-Charles Roy, was first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique on 2 May 1707. Bradamante, written by Heinrich Joseph von Collin with music composed by Johann Friedrich Reichardt, was first performed in Vienna on 3 February 1809, Bradamante, composed by Eduard Tauwitz, was first performed in Riga in 1844. Bradamante appears as one of the characters in several novels. For example, in Italo Calvinos surrealistic, highly ironic 1959 novel Il Cavaliere inesistente, in cinema, she is depicted by Barbara De Rossi in the 1983 Italian film Paladini-storia darmi e damori – a film based on the legends surrounding the Peers of Charlemagne. List of woman warriors in legend and mythology Media related to Bradamante at Wikimedia Commons
25.
Hearts and Armour
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Hearts and Armour is a 1983 Italian adventure film directed by Giacomo Battiato. It is loosely based on the stories of the Paladins especially the epic poem Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto, the film was generally panned by critics, but appreciated on its visual side. The Sydney Morning Herald wrote The settings are sensational, the costumes are magnificent, the story, on the other hand, is almost non-existent. Hearts and Armour won the David di Donatello for Best Costumes
26.
Ronn Moss
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Moss was born and raised in Los Angeles. He grew up surrounded by the theatre, concert, and rock & roll music world, at age 11, he started learning to play the drums, guitar and electric bass. In 1976, Moss joined creative forces with fellow singer/guitarist Peter Beckett, guitarist/keyboardist J. C Crowley, and drummer John Friesen to form the band Player, primarily as bassist and singer. In a garage in the Hollywood Hills, they wrote and rehearsed the music that would attract the attention of music impresario Robert Stigwood. Their follow-up single, This Time Im in It for Love, where White Artists sing with a strong R & B Influence. The Australian edition of his 2000 album includes a duet of the original hit Baby Come Back & two bonus tracks, Thats When Ill Be Gone & Mountain. Moss along with his band toured Australia between August and September 2006, in 2007, he released his new solo album, Uncovered. Player went on tour in 2015, with Moss and Peter Beckett playing dates with Orleans, Moss played the Saracen hero Ruggero who fell in love with Bradamante in the 1983 Italian film Paladini-storia darmi e damori – a film based on the legends surrounding the Peers of Charlemagne. In 1987, Moss was offered the role of Ridge Forrester on a new opera, The Bold. He accepted the part, and the show is broadcast in many nations across the globe, to this day, Moss is best known for this role and he frequently travels overseas to promote the show and his music. 1987 also marks the year of Moss most critically acclaimed role as Rowdy Abilene in the Andy Sidaris classic Hard Ticket to Hawaii. Moss has a fan base in Australia. In 2006, a campaign surfaced to vote Moss as Australian of the Year, Moss recently featured in a television commercial for Berri, an Australian orange juice producer. He has appeared occasionally on the former program Rove Live when in Australia and he takes part in sketches that are parodies of daytime TV genre. On August 11,2012, it was announced that Moss would exit The Bold, on March 13,2013, Ronn Moss made comeback for role in Epic sunday ride as Ridge Forrester. On May 12,2014, Moss, along with his band Player, appeared on the ABC daytime soap opera General Hospital as part of the 2014 Nurses Ball, in 2015, he plays the character of Ian in the Flemish soap Familie
27.
Paladin
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The Paladins, sometimes known as the Twelve Peers, were the foremost warriors of Charlemagnes court, according to the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. They first appear in the chansons de geste such as The Song of Roland. The earliest recorded instance of the paladin in the English language dates to 1592. It entered English through the Middle French word paladin, which derived from the Latin palatinus. All these words for Charlemagnes Twelve Peers descend ultimately from the Latin palatinus, the Latin palatinus referred to an official of the Roman Emperor connected to the imperial palace on the Palatine Hill. Over time this came to refer to other high-level officials in the imperial, majestic. The word palatine, used in various European countries in the medieval, by the 13th century words referring specifically to Charlemagnes peers began appearing in European languages, the earliest is the Italian paladino. Modern French has paladin, Spanish has paladín or paladino, while German has Paladin, by extension paladin has come to refer to any chivalrous hero such as King Arthurs Knights of the Round Table. Paladin was also used to refer to the leaders of armies supporting the Protestant Frederick V in the Thirty Years War ending in 1648, in their earliest appearances the paladins were not the companions of Charlemagne, but of his vassal Roland. This Roland is based on the historical figure Hruodland mentioned by Charlemagnes biographer Einhard as a Lord of the Breton March who died in the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, nothing else is known of him. The names of the twelve paladins vary from romance to romance, the number is popular because it resembles the Twelve Apostles giving the king the position of Jesus as a reminder of his holy mission as ruler. Tales of the paladins once rivaled the stories of King Arthur, the paladins figure into many chansons de geste and other tales associated with Charlemagne. In the above-mentioned Fierabras, they retrieve holy relics stolen from Rome by the Saracen giant Fierabras and convert him to Christianity, in Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne they accompany their king on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Constantinople in order to outdo the Byzantine Emperor Hugo. Other characters elsewhere considered part of the twelve appear in the song, such as Archbishop Turpin and their works, Orlando Innamorato and Orlando Furioso, send the paladins on even more fantastic adventures than their predecessors. They list the paladins quite differently, but keep the number at twelve, the Italian Orlandos inspired a number of composers over the next few centuries, who created operas and other musical works on Orlando and the paladins. Afterwards the Charlemagne material went into decline, modern adaptations and reworkings including the Carolingian paladins are few and far between, but the concept of the chivalrous paladin lives on. The dictionary definition of paladin at Wiktionary
28.
Charlemagne
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Charlemagne or Charles the Great, numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages and he was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state which Charlemagne founded was called the Carolingian Empire, Charlemagne was the oldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. He became king in 768 following his fathers death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I, carlomans sudden death in 771 in unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the undisputed ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his fathers policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and he campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianising them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. Charlemagne reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peters Basilica. Charlemagne has been called the Father of Europe, as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire and his rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagnes empire, up to the last Emperor Francis II and these and other machinations led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054. Charlemagne died in 814, having ruled as emperor for thirteen years and he was laid to rest in his imperial capital of Aachen in what is today Germany. He married at least four times and had three sons, but only his son Louis the Pious survived to succeed him. By the 6th century, the western Germanic Franks had been Christianised, Francia, ruled by the Merovingians, was the most powerful of the kingdoms that succeeded the Western Roman Empire. Following the Battle of Tertry the Merovingians declined into powerlessness, for which they have dubbed the rois fainéants. Almost all government powers were exercised by their chief officer, the mayor of the palace, in 687, Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, ended the strife between various kings and their mayors with his victory at Tertry. He became the governor of the entire Frankish kingdom. Pepin was the grandson of two important figures of the Austrasian Kingdom, Saint Arnulf of Metz and Pepin of Landen, Pepin of Herstal was eventually succeeded by his illegitimate son Charles, later known as Charles Martel. After 737, Charles governed the Franks in lieu of a king, Charles was succeeded in 741 by his sons Carloman and Pepin the Short, the father of Charlemagne. In 743, the brothers placed Childeric III on the throne to curb separatism in the periphery and he was the last Merovingian king. Carloman resigned office in 746, preferring to enter the church as a monk, Pepin brought the question of the kingship before Pope Zachary, asking whether it was logical for a king to have no royal power
29.
Australian of the Year
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The Australian of the Year is an award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government–owned social enterprise. The Australian of the Year announcement has become a part of the annual Australia Day celebrations. The official announcement has grown to become an event. It has also provoked spirited debate about the fields of endeavour that are most worthy of public recognition, the award program promotes active citizenship and seeks to elevate certain people as role models. The Australian of the Year award receives substantial sponsorship from private companies, the close relationship with the Australian Government ensures that the awards profile and reputation is significantly enhanced. During the 1960s, a network of state-based organisations worked hard to increase the profile of Australia Day, the most active and best resourced of these was the Victorian Australia Day Council, which had grown out of the Australian Natives Association. In January 1960 the councils chairman, the unabashed patriot Sir Norman Martin, although the panel was certainly distinguished, it would in time become too closely associated with Melbourne to be appropriate for a national award. The panels first choice of Nobel Prize winning immunologist Sir Macfarlane Burnet gained general approval, international achievement remained a key criterion during the awards first decade. Several sporting heroes were honoured, from Americas Cup skipper Jock Sturrock and swimmer Dawn Fraser, to world champion motor racer Sir Jack Brabham and boxer Lionel Rose. The pioneering neurologist Sir John Eccles followed Burnets example, becoming the second of five Australians to take out the Nobel Prize/Australian of the Year double. During its first two decades, the Australian of the Year award grew steadily in prominence, but it increasingly suffered from its close association with the Victorian Australia Day Council. A competing Australian of the Year award has been published by The Australian newspaper from 1971, in 1975 the newly formed Canberra Australia Day Council also began to name a rival Australian of the Year. The Canberra council was run by a vibrant group of Canberrans, in particular, the Canberra council was sympathetic to the emerging republican movement, while the Victorian council was staunchly committed to constitutional ties with Britain. The Victorian council also battled a common perception that it was an organisation that represented the Melbourne Establishment. Australias turbulent political climate nourished this division and the Australian of the Year award was embroiled in a debate about Australian nationalism. Between 1975 and 1979, the Canberra Australia Day Council named four Australians of the Year, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam lent his support to the Canberra award when he presented the inaugural honour to Major General Alan Stretton, the commander of the emergency response to Cyclone Tracy. The Canberra council also made use of the federal parliamentary press boxes to promote its award to the national media. The Victorian council was singularly unimpressed that a rival Australia Day organisation had copied its idea – in 1977 it described its own winner, Dame Raigh Roe, the impasse was only resolved when the Fraser Government created the National Australia Day Council in 1979
30.
Advertisement film
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A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs, Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately-owned television networks. As of 2016 the vast majority of television advertisements consist of advertising spots. Advertisements of this sort have promoted a variety of goods, services. The effects of television advertising upon the public have been the subject of philosophical discourse by such luminaries as Marshall McLuhan. In many countries, including the United States, television advertisements are considered indispensable for a political campaign. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as Norway, completely ban political advertisements. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00, displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase Bulova Watch Time, appeared in the lower quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK went to air on ITV on September 22,1955, the first TV ad broadcast in Asia appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August 28,1953, advertising Seikosha, it also displayed a clock with the current time. To accomplish the first step means different things in different parts of the world depending on the regulation in place, in the UK for example, clearance must be given by the body Clearcast. Another example is Venezuela where clearance is governed by a body called CNAC, the clearance provides guarantee to the broadcasters that the content of the advertisement meets legal guidelines. Because of this, special extended clearance sometimes applies to food, after the advent of cheap video software and consumer cameras, numerous individuals have offered video production services on the internet. Some of these ad jingles or catch-phrases may take on lives of their own, spawning gags that appear in films, television shows, magazines, comics, or literature. These long-lasting advertising elements may be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to whom they appeared. An example is the phrase, Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Variations of this dialogue and direct references to it appeared as long as two decades after the advertising campaign expired, another example is Wheres the Beef. which grew so popular it was used in the 1984 presidential election by Walter Mondale. Another popular catch-phrase is Ive fallen and I cant get up, Advertising agencies often use humor as a tool in their creative marketing campaigns
31.
Rove (TV series)
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The show was hosted by comedian Rove McManus, and featured an ensemble cast, who presented various segments throughout the course of the show. The show won the Logie Award for Most Popular Light Entertainment Program five times, Rove McManus began his television career hosting the RMITV produced The Loft Live on Melbournes Channel 31, a community access television station. It was a straightforward tonight show, with a monologue from the host, pre-recorded skits. The show had high production values for a community access show. The Nine Network developed the show into a commercial production, in 1999, the show, named Rove, ran in a late-night timeslot for 10 episodes. The show featured McManus and three co-hosts he referred to as the kids on the couch, Peter Helliar, Corinne Grant, however, Nine decided not to renew the program and the cast moved to Network Ten the following year. The new show, very similar to the Nine production, was named Rove Live, the show was sometimes known as Rove or Rove, owing to the use of brackets around the word Live in some of the shows graphics. Dave Callan left the show one year, to pursue standup comedy. Corinne Grant left the show at the end of 2005, to concentrate on The Glass House, carrie Bickmore joined the cast in 2006, presenting a parody news segment. Meshel Laurie joined the cast for one year. In November 2006, Rove Live was suspended until further notice due to the death of McManus wife Belinda Emmett. Rove wrote a message on the Rove Live website, saying that it is a very difficult period for all of us. The show reverted to the title of Rove in 2007, production moved from the Global Television facility in Nunawading to the old Seven Network studios in South Melbourne. It now occupied the timeslot of 8, 30pm on Sunday nights. Peter Helliar returned to McManuss side, Bickmores role in the show increased. Following the cancellation of the show The Glass House, Dave Hughes joined Rove, the comedy duo Hamish & Andy, who had previously collaborated with Roving Enterprises with their television show Real Stories, began appearing every second week. Their associate Ryan Shelton also began presenting a segment each week, each year, the shows set changes in some way from the previous. In a previous year, the set was changed to be less like a traditional tonight show, in 2007, the shows set was reconfigured back into a more traditional tonight show again, even going so far as having a view of the Melbourne cityscape in the background
32.
Dancing with the Stars
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Currently the format has been licensed to over 42 territories. Versions have also produced in dozens of countries across the world. The dancers are then scored by a panel of judges, viewers are given a certain amount of time to place votes for their favourite dancers, either by telephone or online. The couple with the lowest combined score provided by the judges and this process continues until there are only two or three couples left, when they have competed for the last time one couple is declared the champion and wins a trophy. There have been a total of 377 winners of Dancing with the Stars around the world, country of origin Currently airing Upcoming or returning No longer airing The Chinese version is a co-production between mainland Chinas HBS and Hong Kongs TVB, under licence from the BBC. In mainland China it is aired on Hunan Television and in Hong Kong on TVB Jade, the Chinese title is difficult to translate, but could be rendered as Miracle Dancing or Miracles of Dance Moves. The official English title is Strictly Come Dancing, each broadcaster provides five male and five female dancers, for a total of twenty. Pairs were determined by audience SMS votes, the programme began airing in late 2007, in order to mark the anniversary of the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the UK to the Peoples Republic of China. The Indian version is called Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa and it was first broadcast in September 2006 on Sony Entertainment Television. A lot of people confuse Dancing With The Stars with Nach Baliye which airs on StarPlus, Nach Baliye and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa have similar content and presentation but there are minor differences in the concept. The celebrity dancers on Nach Baliye are real life couples, the dancers on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa have one celebrity paired with a trained dancer/choreographer. A notice at the end of the show verifies that the Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa is indeed a version of Dancing With The Stars and it has the same title as the 1996 movie by the same name, but it has no relation to it beyond the shared name. This one ran from 8 April 2006, to 17 March 2007 on NTV-4, the show has aired on MBC TV since June 10,2011, and is hosted by Lee Deok-hwa, with co-host Lee So-ra in Season 1 while former contestant Kim Gyu-ri co-hosted the second season. The first season was won by Moon Hee-joon and his partner Ahn Hye-sang while the season was won by Choi Yeo-jin. The 3rd Season was won by pop-singer and dancer Fei and her partner Kim Soo Ro, nachley is the Pakistani version of Dancing with the Stars. The show is aired on ARY Digital and its theme is based around traditional Pakistani music, the first Peruvian reality show based on Dancing With The Stars was Baila con las estrellas, hosted by Rebeca Escribens and broadcast on Panamericana Televisión on Saturday afternoon. The show had 2 series, then it was cancelled and this show was hosted by Gisela Valcárcel and Giancarlo Chichizola and aired every Saturday night. The show was like Dancing With The Stars, but instead of professional dancers and they danced every week in order to win a prize, to achieve a personal/humanitarian goal or dream
33.
General Hospital
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General Hospital is an American daytime television medical drama. General Hospital premiered on the ABC television network on April 1,1963, same-day broadcasts as well as classic episodes were aired on SOAPnet from January 20,2000, to December 31,2013, following Disney-ABCs decision to discontinue the network. General Hospital is the serial produced in Hollywood, and the longest-running entertainment program in ABC television history. It holds the record for most Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series, the show was created by husband-and-wife soap writers Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital, in an unnamed fictional city. In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York, from its beginning, General Hospital starred John Beradino and Emily McLaughlin, and both actors stayed with the show until their deaths in 1996 and 1991 respectively. They were joined a year later by Rachel Ames who remains to date the longest serving actress on an ABC soap opera, General Hospital was the second soap to air on ABC. In 1964, a sister soap was created for General Hospital, The Young Marrieds, taped at The Prospect Studios, General Hospital aired for a half-hour until July 23,1976. The series was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26,1976, ever since the late 1970s, most of the storylines have revolved around the Quartermaines and the Spencers. From 1979 to 1988, General Hospital had more viewers than any other soap opera. The soap opera is known for its high-profile celebrity guest stars who have included, among others, Roseanne Barr, James Franco. In 2007, the program was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME, on April 23,2009, General Hospital began broadcasting in high definition, making it the first ABC soap opera to make such a transition. The series aired its 13, 000th episode on February 24,2014, General Hospital became the oldest American soap opera on September 17,2010, following the final broadcast of CBS As the World Turns. On April 14,2011, ABC announced the cancellation of both All My Children and One Life to Live, leaving General Hospital as the last remaining soap opera airing on the network after January 13,2012, the show celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 1,2013. General Hospital was created by Frank and Doris Hursley and premiered on April 1,1963, the first stories were mainly set on the seventh floor of General Hospital, in an unnamed midsize Eastern city. Launched in 1963, the first stories were set at General Hospital in an unnamed midsized Eastern city. The name of the city, Port Charles, would not be mentioned until 1976 by headwriters Eileen, storylines revolved around Dr. Steve Hardy and his friend, Nurse Jessie Brewer. Jessies turbulent marriage to the much-younger Dr. Phil Brewer was the center of many early storylines, in 1964 Audrey March, a flight attendant and sister of Nurse Lucille, came to town, and was the woman who won Steves heart. By the end of the 1970s, General Hospital was facing dire ratings when executive producer Gloria Monty was brought in to turn the show around, Monty is credited with creation of the first supercouple, Luke Spencer and Laura Webber, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis
34.
Flanders
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Flanders is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history. It is one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium, the demonym associated with Flanders is Fleming, while the corresponding adjective is Flemish. The official capital of Flanders is Brussels, although Brussels itself has an independent regional government, in historical contexts, Flanders originally refers to the County of Flanders, which around AD1000 stretched from the Strait of Dover to the Scheldt estuary. In accordance with late 20th century Belgian state reforms the area was made two political entities, the Flemish Community and the Flemish Region. These entities were merged, although geographically the Flemish Community, which has a cultural mandate, covers Brussels. Flanders has figured prominently in European history, as a consequence, a very sophisticated culture developed, with impressive achievements in the arts and architecture, rivaling those of northern Italy. Belgium was one of the centres of the 19th century industrial revolution, geographically, Flanders is generally flat, and has a small section of coast on the North Sea. Much of Flanders is agriculturally fertile and densely populated, with a density of almost 500 people per square kilometer. It touches France to the west near the coast, and borders the Netherlands to the north and east, the Brussels Capital Region is an enclave within the Flemish Region. Flanders has exclaves of its own, Voeren in the east is between Wallonia and the Netherlands and Baarle-Hertog in the consists of 22 exclaves surrounded by the Netherlands. It comprises 6.5 million Belgians who consider Dutch to be their mother tongue, the political subdivisions of Belgium, the Flemish Region and the Flemish Community. The first does not comprise Brussels, whereas the latter does comprise the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Brussels, the political institutions that govern both subdivisions, the operative body Flemish Government and the legislative organ Flemish Parliament. The two westernmost provinces of the Flemish Region, West Flanders and East Flanders, forming the central portion of the historic County of Flanders, a feudal territory that existed from the 8th century until its absorption by the French First Republic. Until the 1600s, this county also extended over parts of France, one of the regions conquered by the French in Flanders, namely French Flanders in the Nord department. French Flanders can be divided into two regions, Walloon Flanders and Maritime Flanders. The first region was predominantly French-speaking already in the 1600s, the latter became so in the 20th century, the city of Lille identifies itself as Flemish, and this is reflected, for instance, in the name of its local railway station TGV Lille Flandres. The region conquered by the Dutch Republic in Flanders, now part of the Dutch province of Zeeland, the significance of the County of Flanders and its counts eroded through time, but the designation remained in a very broad sense. In the Early modern period, the term Flanders was associated with the part of the Low Countries
35.
MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye
