1.
Boston Red Sox
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The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the American League East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13, founded in 1901 as one of the American Leagues eight charter franchises, the Red Sox home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The Red Sox name was chosen by the owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had known as the Boston Red Stockings. Boston was a dominant team in the new league, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918. Following their victory in the 2013 World Series, they became the first team to win three World Series trophies in the 21st century, including championships in 2004 and 2007. Red Sox history has also marked by the teams intense rivalry with the Yankees. The Boston Red Sox are owned by Fenway Sports Group, which owns the Liverpool F. C. of the Premier League in England. The Red Sox are consistently one of the top MLB teams in road attendance. From May 15,2003 to April 10,2013, the Red Sox sold out every home game—a total of 820 games for a professional sports record. Neil Diamonds Sweet Caroline has become an anthem for the Red Sox, the name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor after the 1907 season, refers to the red hose in the team uniform beginning 1908. Sox had been adopted for the Chicago White Sox by newspapers needing a headline-friendly form of Stockings. The team name Red Sox had previously used as early as 1888 by a colored team from Norfolk. The Spanish language media sometimes refers to the team as Medias Rojas, the official Spanish site uses the variant Los Red Sox. The Red Stockings nickname was first used by a team by the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Managed by Harry Wright, Cincinnati adopted a uniform with white knickers and red stockings and earned the famous nickname, the Boston Red Stockings won four championships in the five seasons of the new National Association, the first professional league. Other names were used before Boston officially adopted the nickname Braves in 1912
2.
Michael T. McGreevy
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Michael T. Nuf Ced McGreevy was the leader of the most vocal fans of the Boston Americans, today known as the Royal Rooters. McGreevy owned the Third Base Saloon, which got its name because, like third base and his saloon was Bostons original sports bar - it was decorated in a baseball theme, with pictures of the players, and a scoreboard on the outside wall. His nickname Nuf Ced was given to him because that was what he usually shouted to end disputes, usually about the Boston Americans. He was an member of the L Street Brownies, one of the oldest polar bear swim clubs in the country. McGreevy amassed a collection of photographs, clippings, and other baseball memorabilia. When Prohibition forced McGreevy to close Third Base, he donated his collection to the Boston Public Library, author Glenn Stout helped popularize the collection when he worked at the library. The theme song of the Royal Rooters was Tessie from the Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, McGreevy was immortalized in a 2004 remake of the song by the Irish American punk band Dropkick Murphys. It subsequently was part of the soundtrack of the movie Fever Pitch concerning fans of the 2004 season of the Red Sox, in 2008, Dropkick Murphys bassist Ken Casey re-opened Third Base, although it is no longer known as such. Now the tavern is known as McGreevys Boston and can be converted to open-air, there is also a sign on the front of the bar that says 1200 Steps to Fenway Park. It is on Boylston Street and is right across the street from the Hynes Convention Center located in the Back Bay of Boston, baseball Guru, Nuf Ced & The Royal Rooters & Good Old Tessie Boston Public Librarys McGreevy Collection on Flickr. com
3.
John F. Fitzgerald
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John Francis Honey Fitz Fitzgerald was an American politician, father of Rose Kennedy and maternal grandfather of President John F. Kennedy. Fitzgerald, born to Irish immigrants, was a Democratic congressman who went on to win two terms as mayor of Boston, and made unsuccessful runs for Governor of Massachusetts. He made major improvements to the port, and became a patron of the team now known as the Boston Red Sox. He maintained a profile in the city, with his theatrical style of campaigning. His daughter Rose married Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. the son of his political rival P. J. Kennedy, in old age, Fitzgerald helped his grandson John F. Kennedy to win his first seat in congress. John Francis Fitzgerald was born in the North End of Boston to Irish businessman/politician Thomas Fitzgerald of Bruff, County Limerick and he was the fourth of twelve children. Both of his sisters, Ellen and Mary, and his eldest brother, Michael, Fitzgeralds brother Joseph had severe brain damage from malaria and barely functioned. Only three of the children survived in good health, Fitzgeralds mother died when he was sixteen. His father wished for him to become a doctor to help prevent future tragedies of the sort that had marred the Fitzgerald family. Accordingly, after being educated at Boston Latin School and Boston College, he enrolled at Harvard Medical School for one year, Fitzgerald later became a clerk at the Customs House in Boston and was active in the local Democratic Party. Fitzgerald was a member of the Royal Rooters, a supporters club for Bostons baseball teams, particularly its American League team. At one point, he was the chairman, and threw out the ceremonial opening pitch in Fenway Parks inaugural game. His great-granddaughter Caroline Kennedy threw out the first pitch for Fenway Parks 100th anniversary on April 20,2012, Fitzgerald was elected to Bostons Common Council in 1891. In 1892, he became a member of the Massachusetts Senate and these early victories came about with support from the powerful boss of Bostons 8th ward, Martin Lomasney. In 1906, Fitzgerald was elected Mayor of Boston, becoming the first American-born Irish-Catholic to be elected to that office, in the process, he made an enemy of the powerful Lomasney, who had fielded one of his lieutenants for the office. Fitzgerald served as mayor of Boston from 1906 to 1908, was defeated for re-election, of his stylish manner, Robert Dallek wrote, He was a natural politician—a charming, impish, affable lover of people. His warmth of character earned him yet another nickname, Honey Fitz, a pixie-like character with florid face, bright eyes, and sandy hair, he was a showman who could have had a career in vaudeville. But politics, with all the brokering that went into arranging alliances, a verse of the day ran, Honey Fitz can talk you blind / on any subject you can find / Fish and fishing, motor boats / Railroads, streetcars, getting votes
4.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
5.
Tessie
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Tessie is both the longtime anthem of the Boston Red Sox and a 2004 song by the punk rock group Dropkick Murphys. The original Tessie was from the 1902 Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, the newer song, written in 2004, recounts how the singing of the original Tessie by the Royal Rooters fan club helped the Boston Americans win the first World Series in 1903. The name Tessie itself is a form used with several names, including Esther, Tess. The original version of Tessie was written by Will R. Anderson and was featured in the Broadway musical The Silver Slipper, the song was about a woman singing to her beloved parakeet Tessie. Boston mayor John Honey Fitz Fitzgerald, grandfather of President John F. Kennedy, was a member of the Royal Rooters, after the first four games of the 1903 World Series, Boston was down 1-3 to the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Royal Rooters began rallying their team with every song they could think of, there are stories that the Royal Rooters actually traveled to Pittsburgh and hired a band to play Tessie to annoy the Pirates on their home field. Pittsburgh outfielder Tommy Leach credited at least part of Bostons win to that damn Tessie song and he continued, It was a real hum-dinger of a song, but it sort of got on your nerves after a while. Boston won Game 5 and went on to win Games 6,7, the chorus to the original Tessie goes, Tessie, you make me feel so badly. Tessie, you know I love you madly, babe, my heart weighs about a pound. Dont blame me if I ever doubt you, You know I wouldnt live without you, Tessie, you are the only, only, only. The fans began inventing their own lyrics to taunt the Pittsburgh players, such as, Honus, take a back seat and sit down Honus, at bat you look so sadly. Hey, why dont you get out of town, the Rooters stopped singing in 1918. The Red Sox won the World Series in 1918 but then endured an 86-year drought before winning again in 2004, in 2004, the Boston-area celtic punk group Dropkick Murphys recorded a cover of Tessie, released on an EP of the same name. The Dropkicks said it was their intent to bring back the spirit of the Rooters, the goal of the Dropkicks was realized when later that year the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series in 86 years. And the Boston Red Sox are the World Champions, for the first time in 86 years, the Red Sox have won baseballs world championship. The video game MVP Baseball 2005 features the song, proceeds from the sale of the EP went to benefit the Red Sox Foundation. Tessie is the second of three songs played after every Red Sox win at Fenway Park, the first being Dirty Water by The Standells, the third is Joy To The World by Three Dog Night. Trot Nixon used Tessie as his intro music when he played for the Red Sox
6.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
7.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
8.
West Village
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The West Village is a neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City. The Far West Village extends from the Hudson River to Hudson Street, bordering neighborhoods are Chelsea to the north, Hudson Square – officially designated in 2009 – and the South Village to the south, and the East Village to the east. The neighborhood is residential, with a multitude of small restaurants, shops. Residential property sale prices in the West Village neighborhood are some of the most expensive in the United States, historically, local residents and preservation groups have been concerned about development in the Village and have fought to preserve the architectural and historic integrity of the neighborhood. More than 50 blocks of West Village, bordered on the north by 14th Street, is part of a Historic District established by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The Districts convoluted borders run no farther south than 4th Street or St. Lukes Place, Redevelopment in this area is severely restricted, and developers must preserve the main facade and aesthetics of the buildings even during renovation. This district—which was, for four decades, the citys largest—was created in 1969 by the then-four-year-old New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, advocates continued to pursue their goal of additional designation, spurred in particular by the increased pace of development in the 1990s. Those include, Gansevoort Market Historic District was the first new district in Greenwich Village in 34 years. The 112 buildings on 11 blocks protect the citys distinctive Meatpacking District with its cobblestone streets, 11th Street, as well as the Keller Hotel, all in 2007. Washington and Greenwich Street Rezoning, approved in 2010, was passed in time to protect six blocks from out-of-scale hotel development. The West Village historically was known as an important landmark on the map of American bohemian culture in the early, the neighborhood was known for its colorful, artistic residents and the alternative culture they propagated. Due in part to the attitudes of many of its residents. It is also the site of new residential towers designed by American architect Richard Meier facing the Hudson River at 173/176 Perry Street. The Tenth Street Studio Building was situated at 51 West 10th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, the building was commissioned by James Boorman Johnston and designed by Richard Morris Hunt. Its innovative design soon represented a national architectural prototype, and featured a central gallery. Hunts studio within the building housed the first architectural school in the United States. Soon after its completion in 1857, the building helped to make Greenwich Village central to the arts in New York City, drawing artists from all over the country to work, exhibit, and sell their art. In its initial years Winslow Homer took a studio there, as did Edward Lamson Henry, from the late 19th century through the 21st century, the Hotel Albert has served as a cultural icon of Greenwich Village
9.
1912 World Series
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In the 1912 World Series, the Boston Red Sox beat the New York Giants four games to three. This dramatic series showcased great pitching from Giant Christy Mathewson and from Boston fireballer Smoky Joe Wood, Wood won two of his three starts and pitched in relief in the final game. In the deciding game, Boston rallied for two runs in the tenth inning thanks to two costly Giants fielding misplays, nearly all of the games were close. Four games in this Series were decided by one run, a sixth was decided by two runs. Game 7 was the one with a margin greater than three runs. Two games, including the decisive Game 8, went to extra innings, in Games 1 and 3, the losing team had the tying and winning runs on base when the game ended. This was one of only four World Series to go to eight games, also, it was at Game 4 of this Series that the World Series drew its 1,000, 000th fan. The total attendance record for this Series would stand as a record until 1921, when 269,977 attended the 1921 World Series, the first with Babe Ruth as an everyday player. Like this World Series, the 1921 World Series also went eight games, though unlike this World Series, which was a best-of-seven, the 1921 World Series was a best-of-nine. AL Boston Red Sox vs. NL New York Giants In batting practice before Game 1, Tris Speaker drove a ball not only over the right field grandstand, the Series opened with the Red Sox as 10–8 betting favorites. Giants manager John McGraw surprised everyone by starting rookie Jeff Tesreau rather than the great Christy Mathewson against Boston ace Smoky Joe Wood and he preferred to save Mathewson for Game 2 and the hostile crowd at Fenway Park. Josh Devore walked with one out in the third, and advanced to third base on a single by Larry Doyle lost in the sun by Duffy Lewis, after Fred Snodgrass struck out, Red Murrays single scored Devore and Doyle for a 2–0 Giants lead. Oddly, McGraw let relief pitcher Doc Crandall bat for himself for what turned out to be the last out rather than using backup catcher Art Wilson to pinch-hit, after the game Wood said, I threw so hard I thought my arm would fly right off my body. Christy Mathewson later said of the moment when he took the mound at Fenway Park, I could think of nothing greater than pitching this game for the glory of the New York Giants. An error by Giants shortstop Art Fletcher led to three first-inning unearned Boston runs off Mathewson, single tallies in the second and fourth by the Giants cut the lead to 3–2. Another error by Fletcher, who failed to tag Harry Hooper on a base attempt. In the top of the eighth Boston returned the favor, allowing New York to strike back for three runs, left field at brand-new Fenway Park was unique for a ten-to-fifteen-foot incline in front of the wall. He scored on Fred Murrays double, and two batters later third baseman Buck Herzog hit a double to give New York a 5–4 lead
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