1.
Healdton, Oklahoma
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Healdton is a city in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,788 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Ardmore, Oklahoma Micropolitan Statistical Area. Healdton is located in western Carter County at 34°13′54″N 97°29′4″W, Oklahoma State Highway 76 passes through the city, leading south 5 miles to U. S. Route 70 west of Wilson and north 5 miles to Oklahoma State Highway 53. Ardmore, the Carter County seat, is 23 miles to the east via OK-76 and US-70. According to the United States Census Bureau, Healdton has an area of 14.4 square miles, of which 14.1 square miles is land and 0.27 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,786 people,1,132 households, the population density was 197.4 people per square mile. There were 1,369 housing units at a density of 97.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 87. 08% White,0. 93% African American,7. 47% Native American,0. 11% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 86% from other races, and 3. 52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 54% of the population,28. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 2.92. In the city, the population was out with 24. 0% under the age of 18,9. 0% from 18 to 24,25. 9% from 25 to 44,22. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $23,550, and the median income for a family was $29,363. Males had an income of $25,636 versus $20,865 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,842, about 16. 8% of families and 21. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. 1% of those under age 18 and 13. 2% of those age 65 or over. Emmy Award-winning actress Rue McClanahan was born in Healdton, university of Oklahoma womens head basketball coach Sherri Coale is from Healdton. The music video for Radar Bros, brother Rabbit was partially shot in Healdton and directed by The General Assembly. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Healdton
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
University of Tulsa
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The University of Tulsa is a private university located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The university is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. The university is renowned for its programs in law, English, computer science, natural sciences, psychology and its faculty includes prominent scholars, scientists, and writers, including Russian dissident poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, political scientist Robert Donaldson and others. The campuss design is predominantly Collegiate Gothic, the university manages the Gilcrease Museum, which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art in the world, and in 2016, The Bob Dylan Archive was placed at the university. TUs athletic teams are known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. The Presbyterian School for Girls was founded in Muskogee, Indian Territory, in 1894, the young school expanded to become Henry Kendall College, named in honor of Reverend Henry Kendall, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. The first president was William A. Caldwell, who served a brief, Kendall College, while still in Muskogee, granted the first post-secondary degree in Oklahoma in June 1898. Under King, the college was moved from its location in downtown Muskogee to a larger campus on lands donated by Creek Nation Chief Pleasant Porter. The opening of the new campus coincided with the start of the tenure of the third president, over the next ten years, Evans oversaw the struggling schools growth. At the request of the administration, the Synod of Indian Territory assumed control as trustees, when the administration was approached by the comparatively smaller town of Tulsa and offered a chance to move, the decision was made to relocate. The Tulsa Commercial Club decided to bid for the college, Club members who packaged a bid in 1907 to move the college to Tulsa included, B. Betters, H. O. McClure, L. N. Butts, W. L. North, James H. Hall, stebbins, Rev. Charles W. Kerr, C. H. Nicholson. The offer included $100,000,20 acres of real estate, the school opened to thirty-five students in September 1907, two months before Oklahoma became a state. These first students attended classes at the First Presbyterian Church until permanent buildings could be erected on the new campus and this became the start of higher education in Tulsa. Kendall Hall, the first building of the new school, was completed in 1908 and was followed by two other buildings. All three buildings have since demolished, with Kendall the last to be razed in 1972. The bell that hung in the Kendall Building tower was saved and displayed in Bayless Plaza. In 1918, the Methodist Church proposed building a college in Tulsa, the proposed college was to be named McFarlin College
5.
Maude (TV series)
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Maude is an American sitcom that was originally broadcast on the CBS network from September 12,1972, until April 23,1978. Maude embraces the tenets of womens liberation, always votes for Democratic Party candidates, strongly supports legal abortion, however, her overbearing and sometimes domineering personality often gets her into trouble when speaking about these issues. Unusual for a U. S. sitcom, several episodes featured only the characters of Maude and Walter, Season 4s The Analyst was a solo episode for Beatrice Arthur, who delivered a soul-searching, episode-length monologue to a silent psychiatrist. Maude Findlay first appears in a pair of two episodes of All in the Family, the first in December 1971, and the second, essentially setting up the premise of the Maude series. She is Edith Bunkers cousin who has married four times. Her first husband, Barney, had died shortly after their marriage, Albert was never portrayed on screen, but the episode Poor Albert revolved around his death, while former second husband Chester would appear on the show. Her current husband, Walter Findlay, owns a store called Findlays Friendly Appliances. Maude and Walter met just before the 1968 presidential election, Maude sometimes gets in the last word during their many arguments with her hallmark catchphrase, Godll getcha for that, Walter. Maudes deep, raspy voice is also a comic foil whenever she answers the phone and explains No, this is not Mr. Findlay. Mr. Findlay has a higher voice. Maudes daughter from her first marriage, Carol Traynor, is divorced and has one child. Carol and her son, Phillip, live with the Findlays, though single, Carol maintains her reputation of dating many men. She dates various men throughout early seasons, eventually forming a relationship with a man named Chris in the later seasons. Like her mother, Carol is a liberal feminist who is not afraid to speak her mind. After the fourth season, with a new time slot and a drop in the ratings, Vivian has been Maudes best friend since they both attended college together. At the beginning of the series, Arthur is a widower, Arthur and Vivian begin dating at the beginning of the second season and marry each other by the end of the season. For the entire run of the show, Maude also has a housekeeper, at the beginning of the series, the Findlays hire Florida Evans, a no-nonsense black woman who often has the last laugh at Maudes expense. Maude often makes a point of conspicuously and awkwardly demonstrating how open-minded, despite Floridas status as a maid, Maude emphasizes to Florida that they are equals, and insists she enter and exit the Findlay house via the front door
6.
Mama's Family
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Mamas Family is an American television sitcom starring Vicki Lawrence as Thelma Harper. The series is a spin-off of a series of comedy sketches called The Family featured on The Carol Burnett Show. That led to the movie, Eunice, and finally the television series. The shows theme song is Bless My Happy Home by Peter Matz, the shows producers chose to use an instrumental version. Mamas Family originally aired on NBC, debuting on January 22,1983, after several timeslot changes and subsequent drop in ratings, the network cancelled the series, the final episode aired on April 7,1984. NBC broadcast reruns until September 1985, the revived series, produced by JHP and distributed by Lorimar-Telepictures, premiered on September 27,1986. The syndicated version garnered substantially higher ratings than its network version did and its four season-run ended on February 24,1990. The show, set in the city of Raytown, revolves around the misadventures of the Harper family, extended non-Harper family members. Thelmas snappy retorts and fretful wisecracks are particularly highlighted with a gag in which the final scenes of each episode cut to an exterior shot of her house. While the exterior of Thelmas house displays, shes heard riposting the comments of whoever has previously spoken and this is then followed by audience laughter and applause. In spite of the many digs and fretful wisecracks that Mama regularly and casually makes about her family and she allows her various family members to live in her home, who would otherwise have no place to live. Beyond providing her resident family members shelter, Thelma routinely cooks for, despite her nurturance, Thelmas various family members can be ingrates, even banding together and ganging up on Thelma on occasion. Shortly after the highly rated Eunice TV movie and continued urgings by Korman and Burnett, Lawrence finally changed her mind, Lawrence also had a great deal of creative input and made many important decisions, including bringing in Korman to co-direct the series. For one and a half seasons from 1983 through 1984, Mamas Family ran on NBC, in the series first episode, Thelma Harper lives with her uptight spinster sister Fran, a journalist for a local paper. Thelmas son, Vinton, stops by to inform Thelma that he, much to Frans chagrin, Thelma allows Vint, Sonja and Buzz to move in. During the first season, Vinton forged a relationship with the Harpers flirtatious next-door neighbor, Naomi Oates, and soon married her. After selling her house and losing the money in a bad deal, Naomi and Vint are forced to move into Thelmas basement. Also seen on a recurring basis were Thelmas two daughters, the snobbish Ellen and the ornery Eunice, Harvey Korman, who directed many of the earlier episodes, made featured appearances as Eunices husband, Ed Higgins
7.
The Golden Girls
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The Golden Girls is an American sitcom created by Susan Harris that originally aired on NBC from September 14,1985, to May 9,1992, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning over seven seasons. The show stars Beatrice Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan and it was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, in association with Touchstone Television, and Paul Junger Witt, Tony Thomas, and Harris served as the original executive producers. The Golden Girls received critical acclaim throughout most of its run and won several awards and it also won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy. Each of the four received a Emmy Award, making it one of only three sitcoms in the awards history to achieve this. The series also ranked among the top-10 highest-rated programs for six of its seven seasons, in 2013, TV Guide ranked The Golden Girls number 54 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. In 2014, the Writers Guild of America placed the sitcom at number 69 in their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, the series revolves around four older, single women sharing a house in Miami, Florida. In the pilot episode, the three were joined by Dorothys 80-year-old mother, Sophia Petrillo, after the retirement home where she lived burned down. The pilot episode featured a gay character named Coco, who worked as a cook for the women, after six consecutive seasons in the top 10, and the seventh season at number 30, The Golden Girls came to an end when Bea Arthur chose to leave the series. In the hour-long series finale, which aired in May 1992, Dorothy meets and marries Blanches Uncle Lucas, Sophia was to join her, but in the end, Sophia stays behind with the other women in Miami, leading into the spin-off series, The Golden Palace. The series finale was watched by 27.2 million viewers, as of 2016, it was the 17th-most watched television finale. Stan and Dorothy eventually moved to Miami, but divorced after 38 years when Stan left her for a flight attendant. According to the timeline presented, Dorothy and Stan would have had three children, with their oldest son or daughter near 40 by the beginning of the series. However, due to a lack of continuity in the writing, Michael and Kate were repeatedly shown as being in their 20s during the run of the show, thus not being old enough to be the child with whom Dorothy got pregnant in high school. In the series episode, Dorothy marries Blanches uncle, Lucas Hollingsworth. Arthur also played Dorothys grandmother, Sophias mother, in an episode to when they lived in Brooklyn. Upon Charlies death, she moved to Miami and she eventually found work at a grief counseling center, though she later ended up as the assistant to a consumer reporter at a local TV station. In later seasons, Rose became romantically involved with college professor Miles Webber, during season six, Miles was placed into the Witness Protection Program, but returned later in the season. Their relationship continued throughout the series, and shortly into the sequel series, in season one, Rose is stated to be 55
8.
The Golden Palace
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The Golden Palace is an American sitcom produced as a spin-off and continuation of The Golden Girls that aired on CBS from September 18,1992 to May 14,1993, with reruns airing until August 6,1993. While not as popular as its predecessor, the series produced a total of 24 half-hour episodes spanning over one season, CBS cancelled the program in 1993. The Golden Palace begins where The Golden Girls had ended, in the quartets now-sold Miami house, with Dorothy Zbornak having married and left in the previous series finale, the three remaining roommates decide to invest in a Miami hotel that is up for sale. This requires the women to all the tasks of the hotels staff. The series focused on the interactions between guests at the hotel and the staff, as well as between the Golden Girls and the previous hotel staff. Bea Arthur also reprised her Dorothy Zbornak role for a storyline in which she visits the hotel to check up on her mother. Following the cancellation of the series, Sophia returns to the Shady Pines retirement home, what became of Rose, Blanche and the hotel is left unresolved. The Golden Palace aired on CBS, changing networks from NBC, NBC entertainment chief Warren Littlefield originally committed to airing The Golden Palace, with a 13-episode order for the 1992–93 season. However, CBS soon entered the picture and fueled a bidding war for the new series, the producers thus went with CBS, who agreed to market The Golden Palace as a show with its own voice separate from that of its parent show. The premiere garnered solid ratings, and the show won its timeslot for its first few weeks, CBS had scheduled the show for a second season, but canceled the show the night before they announced their 1993 fall schedule. The only one of the four aforementioned shows to get picked up for the 1993–94 season was Bob, twenty-four episodes of the series were produced. In some versions of Disney-ABC Domestic Televisions syndicated packaging of the series, british comedian Alexei Sayle was originally hired for the series in the role of the hotels chef, who initially was to be portrayed as Eastern European. Sayle was replaced by Cheech Marin before the pilot was shot, Betty White as Rose Nylund, a jack-of-all-trades in the hotel. This series sees Rose being of a stronger will than her previous incarnation. Rue McClanahan as Blanche Devereaux, who served as the operator of the hotel. Her character traits, particularly her promiscuity and vanity, are toned down in this series, although she retains her Southern charm. Estelle Getty as Sophia Petrillo, the hotels 87-year-old co-chef, in this series, her character is beginning to show signs of senile dementia, and is somewhat kinder and gentler than in the original series. Don Cheadle as Roland Wilson, the hotels manager and he is one of only two staff members retained by the previous ownership
9.
Blanche Devereaux
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Blanche Devereaux is one of the four main fictional characters on the 1985–1992 NBC sitcom The Golden Girls, and its CBS spin-off The Golden Palace. In the pilot episode, her last name was given as Hollingsworth, Blanche was portrayed by Rue McClanahan for 8 years and 206 episodes. McClanahan had previously been a co-star with Beatrice Arthur in Maude, in pre-production, producers had originally planned for White to play Blanche, but neither White nor McClanahan wanted to be typecast, and the two were given permission to switch roles. Blanche Elizabeth Marie Hollingsworth Devereaux born in November 1932, grew up near Atlanta, Georgia, at her familys mansion and her parents were the late Elizabeth-Ann Margaret Bennett and Curtis Big Daddy Hollingsworth, the latter a revered man in his neck of the woods. Much to Blanches dismay, he married a widow named Margaret Spencer years after Blanches mother, Elizabeth, died. Her father, Big Daddy, later died, and the news of his caused an shift in their father-daughter relationship. She attended the fictional Miss McIvers Finishing School, Blanche is a member of the Alpha Gams but it is not known which university she attended. On occasions, Blanche states that she was Baptist, Virginia Hollingsworth Wylde is the youngest sister, with whom Blanche shares a mutual loathing. They buried the hatchet when Virginia went into renal failure and Blanche offered her kidney to her sister, Blanche also has a younger brother named Clayton, who appears in season four and season six. Blanche is troubled to some extent when she learns that Clayton is gay, during The Golden Palace, it was revealed that Blanche has a mentally challenged brother, Tad, who has spent most of his life in a Chattanooga institution. Blanche also has a niece named Lucy, who visits her during the first season. Although notoriously man-hungry, Blanche was faithfully married for decades to her husband George Devereaux, George died four years before the start of the series in 1985, and at some point earlier, they had moved from Atlanta to Miami. In a 1990 episode, Blanche had a dream that George came back from the nine years later. Rue McClanahan has said that George was the love of Blanches life, from this story, we learn that Blanche was born in 1932. This made her 53 when the first season begins and 61 when The Golden Palace went off the air in 1993, Blanche also appeared in one episode of Empty Nest, entitled Fatal Attraction, and one episode of Nurses, entitled Moon Over Miami. On the show, Blanche is shown to have dated various men and she almost married a bigamist in the pilot episode before he got caught by the police. Another man stole her necklace at her full moon-leap years party, one boyfriend named Rex was emotionally and verbally abusive, until her roommate Dorothy helped her see his true colors. Another boyfriend Gary cheated on her under her very roof by sleeping with Roses sister Holly who was visiting, yet another, who appears in The Golden Palace, turns out to be a gigolo
10.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
11.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
12.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
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Irish Americans
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Irish Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. About 33.3 million Americans—10. 5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U. S. Census Bureau and this compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland. Three million people identified as Scots-Irish, whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States. An estimated 250,000 migrated to the United States during the colonial era, only 20,000 immigrants of these immigrants from Ireland were Catholics—English, Irish or a few Germans. Catholics numbered 40,000 or 1. 6% of the population of 2.5 million in 1775. The Scots-Irish settled mainly in the back country of the Appalachian Mountain region. Irish Americans signed the documents of the United States—the Declaration of Independence. The early Ulster immigrants and their descendants at first usually referred to simply as Irish. However, most descendants of the Scots-Irish continued to consider themselves Irish or American rather than Scots-Irish, however, beginning in the early 19th century, many Irish migrated individually to the interior for work on large-scale infrastructure projects such as canals and, later in the century, railroads. During the colonial period, Scots-Irish settled in the southern Appalachian backcountry, by the 19th century, through intermarriage with settlers of English and German ancestry, the descendants of the Scots-Irish lost their identification with Ireland. This generation of pioneers. was a generation of Americans, not of Englishmen or Germans or Scots-Irish, in 1820 Irish-born John England became the first Catholic bishop in the mainly Protestant city of Charleston, South Carolina. During the 1820s and 30s, Bishop England defended the Catholic minority against Protestant prejudices, in 1831 and 1835, he established free schools for free African American children. Inflamed by the propaganda of the American Anti-Slavery Society, a mob raided the Charleston post office in 1835, England led Charlestons Irish Volunteers to defend the school. Soon after this, however, all schools for blacks were closed in Charleston. The Irish Catholics concentrated in a few medium-sized cities, where they were visible, especially in Charleston, Savannah. After secession in 1861, the Irish Catholic community supported the Confederacy and 20,000 served in the Confederate Army, civilian leaders of the Irish and the South did embrace the Confederate national project and most became advocates of a hard-war policy. Although most began as unskilled laborers, Irish Catholics in the South achieved average or above average economic status by 1900, the large Erie Canal project was one such example where Irishmen were many of the laborers. Small but tight communities developed in growing such as Philadelphia, Boston, New York
14.
Choctaw
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The Choctaw are Native American people originally from the Southeastern United States. The Choctaw language belongs to the Muskogean language family group, the Choctaw are descendants of the peoples of the Hopewell and Mississippian cultures, who lived throughout the east of the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries. About 1,700 years ago, the Hopewell people built Nanih Waiya, an earthwork mound. The early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century encountered Mississippian-culture villages, the anthropologist John Swanton suggested that the Choctaw derived their name from an early leader. Henry Halbert, a historian, suggests that their name is derived from the Choctaw phrase Hacha hatak and these included the French, based on the Gulf Coast and in Louisiana, the English of the Southeast, and the Spanish of Florida and Louisiana during the colonial era. During the American Revolution, most Choctaw supported the Thirteen Colonies bid for independence from the British Crown and they never went to war against the United States prior to Indian Removal. In the 19th century, the Choctaw became known as one of the Five Civilized Tribes because they adopted numerous practices of their United States neighbors. The Choctaw and the United States agreed to nine treaties and and they were the first Native Americans forced under the Indian Removal Act. The Choctaw were exiled because the U. S. wanted to expand territory available for settlement by European Americans, to save the tribe from extinction, the Choctaw negotiated the largest area and most desirable lands in Indian Territory. Their early government had three districts, each with its own chief, who together with the town chiefs sat on the National Council and they appointed a Choctaw Delegate to represent them with the US government in Washington, DC. By the 1831 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, those Choctaw who chose to stay in the formed state of Mississippi were one of the first major non-European ethnic groups to become U. S. citizens. During the American Civil War, the Choctaw in both Oklahoma and Mississippi mostly sided with the Confederate States of America, the Confederacy suggested it would support a state under Indian control if it won the war. After the Civil War, the Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana Choctaw fell into obscurity for some time, in 1978, the United Supreme Court of the United states held that all remnants of the Choctaw Nation are entitled to all rights of the Nation. The Choctaw in Oklahoma struggled to build a nation, transferring the Choctaw Academy there, in the aftermath of the Dawes Act, the US dissolved tribal governments and appointed chiefs. During World War I, Choctaw soldiers served in the U. S. military as the first Native American codetalkers, after the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the Choctaw reconstituted their government, and the Choctaw Nation had kept their culture alive despite years of pressure for assimilation. The third largest federally recognized tribe, since the century, they have created new institutions, such as a tribal college, housing authority. Federal Court of Appeals was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 2002, many thousands of years ago groups classified by anthropologists as Paleo-Indians lived in what today is referred to as the American South. These groups were hunter-gatherers who hunted a wide range of animals, including a variety of megafauna, cushman wrote, the ancient Choctaw through their tradition they saw the mighty beasts of the forests, whose tread shook the earth
15.
Ardmore, Oklahoma
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Ardmore is a business, cultural, and tourism city in and the county seat of Carter County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 24,283, the Ardmore micropolitan statistical area had an estimated population of 48,491 in 2013. Ardmore is situated about 9 miles south of the Arbuckle Mountains and is located at the margin of the Healdton Basin. The name Ardmore is Irish for high grounds or hills and it is also a part of the Texoma region. Ardmore, Indian Territory, began with a ditch for a Main Street in the summer of 1887 in Pickens County. It owes much of its existence to the construction of the Santa Fe Railroad through the area during that time and it grew, as most frontier towns grew, over the years into a trading outpost for the region. In 1894, notorious outlaw William M. Dalton was gunned down by a posse as he tried to flee from his home in Ardmore, a large fire in 1895 destroyed much of the fledgling town, which forced residents to rebuild nearly the entire town. In the early 1900s, Ardmore became well known for its abundance of cotton-growing fields, after the fields were stripped of their fertility, however, the city found itself positioned next to one of the largest oil fields ever produced in Oklahoma, the Healdton Oil Field. After its discovery in 1913, entrepreneurs and wildcatters flooded the area, and Carter County quickly became the largest oil-producing county in Oklahoma, and has remained so ever since. Ardmore has remained a center for the region ever since, with the regions natural wealth giving birth to such energy giants as Halliburton. The disaster, which made news, gave residents the resolve to establish the citys first fire department to ensure that such events would not recur in the future. The city has not experienced any major setbacks since the 1915 fire, despite a shift at the plant working at the time, miraculously no one was killed as the tornado ripped through the area, due to the public being alerted by area news and tornado sirens. On April 22,1966, Ardmore was the site of the worst plane crash in Oklahoma history, redistricting of congressional seats is traditionally done following the decennial U. S. census, the 2003 plan, which had been engineered by U. S. Representative Tom DeLay, would have been an unprecedented second redistricting in the same decade, by leaving the state to stay in an Oklahoma hotel, Democrats temporarily delayed passage of the redistricting plan the Republican-controlled House. Ardmore is located in southeastern Carter County at 34°10′52″N 97°07′46″W and it is bordered to the west by the city of Lone Grove and to the east by the town of Dickson. By Interstate 35, which passes through the west side of Ardmore, Oklahoma City is 97 miles to the north, while Fort Worth, Texas, is 103 miles to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ardmore has an area of 51.8 square miles, of which 49.9 square miles is land and 1.9 square miles. Ardmore is located about 10 miles south of the Arbuckle Mountains, the geology is highly variegated within the area, with uplifted and folded ridges visible within the shoreline of some of the lakes surrounding Ardmore
16.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
17.
Kappa Alpha Theta
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Kappa Alpha Theta, also known simply as Theta, is an international sorority founded on Jan. 27,1870 at DePauw University, formerly Indiana Asbury, Kappa Alpha Theta was the first Greek-letter fraternity for women. The organization currently has more than 145 chapters at colleges and universities in the United States, Thetas total living initiated membership as of January 23,2017, totals more than 211,000. There are more than 200 alumnae chapters and circles worldwide, Kappa Alpha Theta is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Kappa Alpha Theta was founded in 1870 to give women a support group in the mostly male college world at Indiana Asbury. Indiana Asbury officially opened its doors to women in 1867, thirty years after the college was first established, Locke had many friends in FIJI, and when the members asked her to wear their badge she asked if it meant she was a member of their fraternity. They informed her, no it would be simply as a mascot or token of her friendship and she said she could not wear it as she did not know the secrets and purposes the badge represented. The brothers of FIJI took a vote to whether to admit. They decided they wished to remain a fraternity, and gave Locke a silver fruit basket instead as a symbol of their special relationship with her. At the suggestion of her father, a professor at Indiana Asbury, discovering that only literary societies for women existed at the time, Locke decided to begin her own Greek letter fraternity for women, and Kappa Alpha Theta was conceived. Locke and her friend Alice Allen together wrote a constitution, planned ceremonies, designed a badge, along with Hannah Fitch and Bettie Tipton, they were initiated in secret on Jan. 27,1870, creating the Alpha Chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta, in 1887, Theta became an international organization with the establishment of the Sigma Chapter at The University of Toronto. This became the first Canadian sorority, since its founding, the organization has been associated with a number of firsts, The first women admitted to the Phi Beta Kappa Society were Thetas. Kappa Alpha Theta was the first womens organization to use Greek letters in its name, nancy Kassebaum, who was a member, was the first woman elected to the U. S. Senate who had not succeeded her husband or first been appointed to fill an unexpired term. G. William Domhoff, writing in Who Rules America, listed Kappa Alpha Theta as one of the four or five sororities with nationwide prestige in the mid-1960s. Kappa Alpha Thetas colors are black and gold, the official symbols are both the kite and twin stars, while the official flower is the black and gold pansy. ΚΑΘ does not have an official stone, Kappa Alpha Theta has more than 135 active college chapters and more than 180 alumnae chapters across the United States and Canada. Alumnae chapters are alumnae groups that have been granted charters from Grand Council, the following is a list of the chapters of Kappa Alpha Theta, Theta Kappa Alpha Theta Foundation, founded in 1960, is the philanthropic arm of the organization
18.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
19.
Inherit the Wind (play)
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Inherit the Wind is a play by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee, which debuted in 1955. The story fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary McCarthy trials, the debate over creationism versus evolution has contemporary resonance, as evidenced by the plays numerous revivals and screen adaptations decades after its initial theatrical run. Bryan did die shortly after the trial, but it happened five days later in his sleep, political commentator Steve Benen said of the plays inaccuracies, Scopes issued no plea for empathy, there was no fiancee and the real Scopes was never arrested. In fact, the film that was nominated for four Academy Awards and has helped shape the American understanding of the Scopes Monkey Trial for decades is an inadequate reflection of history. Lawrence explained in a 1996 interview that the purpose was to criticize the then-current state of McCarthyism. The play was intended to defend intellectual freedom. According to Lawrence, we used the teaching of evolution as a parable and its about the right to think. The role of Matthew Harrison Brady is intended to reflect the personality and beliefs of William Jennings Bryan, the character of E. K. Hornbeck is modeled on that of H. L. Mencken. Bryan and Darrow, formerly close friends, opposed one another at the Scopes trial, and Mencken covered the trial for The Baltimore Sun. The plays title comes from Proverbs 11,29, which in the King James Bible reads, He that troubleth his own house shall inherit the wind and the fool shall be servant to the wise of heart. In Act Two, Scene One, Brady admonishes Reverend Brown with this Bible quote for alienating his daughter when he gives a sermon against Cates. Matthew Harrison Brady, a presidential candidate and nationally known attorney. He is a Populist and still a public speaker, even though he is in his late 60s or early 70s. Henry Drummond, another nationally known attorney who was once Bradys closest friend and he is about the same age as Brady. Bertram Bert Cates, a Hillsboro high school teacher in his 20s who has taught the theory of evolution in violation of a law banning its teaching in classrooms. E. K. Hornbeck, a reporter for the fictional Baltimore Herald newspaper and he is young, sarcastic, cynical, and deeply opposed to religious belief. Rachel Brown, the Rev. Browns daughter and she is 22 and the colleague/romantic interest of Bertram Cates. Her loyalties are torn between her father and Cates, and she is manipulated by others
20.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
21.
John Sebastian
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Sebastian was born in New York City and grew up in Italy and Greenwich Village. His father, John Sebastian, was a classical harmonica player and his mother. His godmother was Vivian Vance, who was a friend of his mother. His godfather and first babysitter was childrens book illustrator Garth Williams, Sebastian grew up surrounded by music and musicians, including Burl Ives and Woody Guthrie, and hearing such players as Lead Belly and Mississippi John Hurt in his own neighborhood. He graduated from Blair Academy, a boarding school in Blairstown, New Jersey. He next attended New York University for just over a year, in the early 1960s, Sebastian developed an interest in blues music and in playing harmonica in a blues style, rather than the classical style used by his father. Through his fathers connections, he met and was influenced by blues musicians Sonny Terry, Sebastian became part of the folk and blues scene that was developing in Greenwich Village and later gave rise to folk rock. In addition to harmonica, Sebastian played guitar and occasionally autoharp, one of Sebastians first recording gigs was playing guitar and harmonica for Billy Faiers 1964 album The Beast of Billy Faier. He also played on Fred Neils album Bleecker & MacDougal and Tom Rushs self-titled album in 1965 and he played in the Even Dozen Jug Band and in The Mugwumps, which split to form the Lovin Spoonful and the Mamas & the Papas. Sebastian was joined by Zal Yanovsky, Steve Boone, and Joe Butler in the Spoonful, which was named after The Coffee Blues, a Mississippi John Hurt song. You Didnt Have to Be So Nice, Darling Be Home Soon, Jug Band Music, Rain on the Roof, Nashville Cats, the band, however, began to implode after a 1967 marijuana bust in San Francisco involving Yanovsky, a Canadian citizen. Facing deportation, he revealed the name of his dealer to police, neither Sebastian nor Butler was involved in the matter, both being away from San Francisco at the time. Yanovsky subsequently left the band and was replaced by Jerry Yester, after which the musical style veered away from its previous eclectic blend. One of Sebastians first projects after leaving the Spoonful was composing the music and lyrics for a play with music, Jimmy Shine, written by Murray Schisgal. It opened on Broadway in December 1968, with Dustin Hoffman in the title role, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Sebastian himself wrote a stage musical adaptation of E. B. Whites Charlottes Web in consultation with his godfather Garth Williams, who illustrated Whites original book, the proposed musical included 20 songs, some of which Sebastian performed in concert, but the musical was never produced. In August 1969, Sebastian made a memorable, albeit unscheduled appearance at Woodstock, Sebastians Woodstock set consisted of three songs from his recorded but not yet released John B. Sebastian album and two Lovin Spoonful songs, documentary remarks by festival organizers indicated that Sebastian was under the influence of marijuana or other psychedelic drugs at the time, hence his spontaneity and casual, unplanned set
22.
Jimmy Shine
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Jimmy Shine is a play with music. It was written by Murray Schisgal with music and lyrics by John Sebastian, the plot centers on its title character who is a struggling artist in Greenwich Village during the 1960s. Much of the story follows Jimmys relationships with women in his life and how he copes with love, sex, death. Jimmy Shine opened on Broadway on December 5,1968 at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre where it closed on April 26,1969 after 161 performances, lepke, Dorothy Emmerson as Rita, Gale Dixon as Millie, and Arnold Wilkerson as Arnold. Hoffman won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance for his role in the production, jimmy Shine at the Internet Broadway Database
23.
Dustin Hoffman
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Dustin Lee Hoffman is an American actor and a director, with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960. Hoffman has been known for his portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable characters. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1980 for Kramer vs. Kramer, and in 1989 for Rain Man. Widely considered one of the finest actors in history, Hoffman first drew praise for starring in the play, Eh. for which he won a Theatre World Award. This achievement was followed by his breakthrough 1967 film role as Benjamin Braddock. Since that time, Hoffmans career has largely focused on the cinema, with sporadic returns to television. Hoffmans notable films include, Midnight Cowboy, Little Big Man, Straw Dogs, Papillon, Lenny, Marathon Man, All the Presidents Men, Kramer vs. Kramer, Tootsie, Rain Man, Hook and he made his directorial debut in 2012, with Quartet. Along with 2 Academy Award wins, Hoffman has been nominated for 5 additional Academy Awards and he has won 4 BAFTAs,3 Drama Desk Awards,2 Emmy Awards, and a Genie Award. Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012, Dustin Lee Hoffman was born on August 8,1937 in Los Angeles, California, the second son of Lillian and Harry Hoffman. His father worked as a supervisor at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor, Dustin Farnum and his older brother, Ronald, is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is Jewish, from an Ashkenazi family of immigrants from Ukraine, Poland and his upbringing was non-religious, and he has said, I don’t have any memory of celebrating holidays growing up that were Jewish, and that he had realized he was Jewish at around age 10. Hoffman graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine. He left after a year to join the Pasadena Playhouse, although when he told his family about his career goal and he also took classes at the Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City. Hoffman initially hoped to become a classical pianist, having studied piano during much of his youth, while at Santa Monica College, he also took an acting class, which he assumed would be easy, and caught the acting bug. He recalls, I just was not gifted in music, now an aspiring actor, he spent the next ten years doing odd jobs, being unemployed, and struggling to get any available acting roles. He composed a song called Shooting the Breeze and Bette Midler wrote the words and his first acting role was at the Pasadena Playhouse, alongside future Academy Award-winner, Gene Hackman. After two years there, Hackman headed for New York City, with Hoffman soon following, Hoffman, Hackman and Robert Duvall lived together in the 1960s, all three of them focused on finding acting jobs
24.
Another World (TV series)
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Another World is an American television soap opera that ran on NBC for 35 years from May 4,1964, to June 25,1999. It was created by Irna Phillips along with William J. Bell, Another World focused less on the conventional drama of domestic life as seen in other soap operas, and more on exotic melodrama between families of different classes and philosophies. In 1964, Another World was the first soap opera to talk about abortion when such subjects were taboo. It was the first soap opera to do a crossover, with the character of Mike Bauer from Guiding Light and it was also the first to expand to one hour, then to ninety minutes, and then back to an hour. It was the first soap to launch two spin-offs, Somerset and Texas, as well as an one, Lovers and Friends. Another World was also the first soap opera with a song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, Another World by Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. On April 12,1999, NBC announced it was canceling Another World with its final episode on the airing on June 25,1999. NBC replaced Another World with another opera, Passions, on July 5,1999. Irna Phillips envisioned Another World as a spin-off of her soap opera As the World Turns. Phillips instead sold the show to NBC, removing references to ATWTs Oakdale, despite the severed connections to As the World Turns, the name Another World remained, as a reference to its origins. Expectations were so high that Another World had six weeks of commercial time sold in advance, after opening with a death in the core Matthews family, Irna planned to follow up with an out-of-wedlock pregnancy, a septic abortion, a shooting, and murder trial. As Allen M. Potter explained, Irna just didnt want to take a chance on waiting for the ratings and she felt that with this kind of showy story she could build an audience more quickly. Said Tom Donovan, In construction, Irna was attempting to follow the structure of As the World Turns, Irna would never conceive of a story not based on a family. The first episode was the aftermath of the funeral of wealthy William Matthews and his widow, Liz, did not like his working-class brother, Jim, or his family. The fights between upper-class Liz and her middle-class in-laws started the show, as the 60s went on, the lives and loves of Jims children, Russ, Alice, and Pat, took center stage. Jims wife, Mary, usually intervened when there was a crisis, in the first year, the show had a controversial storyline involving Pat having an illegal abortion after becoming pregnant. This was the first time that American television had covered the subject, in the story, the abortion made her sterile, and the shock from the news caused her to find her ex-boyfriend, Tom Baxter, and shoot him in cold blood. Pat was eventually brought to trial and acquitted and she then fell in love with and married her lawyer, John Randolph
25.
All in the Family
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All in the Family is an American sitcom TV-series that was originally broadcast on the CBS television network for nine seasons, from January 1971 to April 1979. The following September, it was replaced by Archie Bunkers Place, the show is often regarded in the United States as one of the greatest television series of all time. It became the first television series to reach the milestone of having topped the Nielsen ratings for five consecutive years, the episode Sammys Visit was ranked number 13 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time ranked All in the Family as number four, bravo also named the shows protagonist, Archie Bunker, TVs greatest character of all time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked All in the Family the fourth-best written TV series ever, All in the Family is about a typical working-class family living in Queens, New York. Its patriarch is Archie Bunker, an outspoken, narrow-minded white man, Archies wife Edith is sweet and understanding, though somewhat naïve and uneducated, her husband sometimes disparagingly calls her dingbat. Their one child, Gloria, is kind and good-natured like her mother. Gloria is married to college student Michael Stivic – referred to as Meathead by Archie – whose values are likewise influenced and shaped by the counterculture of the 1960s, the two couples represent the real-life clash of values between the so-called Greatest Generation and Baby Boomers. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers home to save money, the show is set in the Astoria section of Queens, with the vast majority of scenes taking place in the Bunkers home at 704 Hauser Street. The house seen in the opening is at 89-70 Cooper Avenue near the junction of the Glendale, Middle Village, supporting characters represent the demographics of the neighborhood, especially the African American Jeffersons, who live in the house next door in the early seasons. Carroll OConnor as Archie Bunker, Frequently called a lovable bigot, a World War II veteran, Archie longs for better times when people sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced by the nostalgic theme song Those Were the Days. His ignorance and stubbornness seem to cause his arguments to self-destruct. He often rejects uncomfortable truths by blowing a raspberry, scott Brady, formerly of the Western series Shotgun Slade, also declined the role of Archie Bunker, but appeared four times on the series in 1976 in the role of Joe Foley. OConnor appears in all but seven episodes of the series run, Jean Stapleton as Edith Bunker, née Baines, Edith is Archies ditzy but kind-hearted wife. Despite their different personalities, they love each other deeply, Stapleton remained with the show through the original series run, but decided to leave before the first season of Archie Bunkers Place had wrapped up. At that point, Edith was written out as having suffered a stroke and died off-camera, Stapleton appeared in all but four episodes of All in the Family and had a recurring role during the first season of Archie Bunkers Place. In the series first episode, Edith is portrayed as being less of a dingbat and even refers to her husband as Mr. Religion. After they come home from church, something her character would not be expected to say later, sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, née Bunker, The Bunkers college-aged daughter is married to Michael Stivic
26.
Vincent Gardenia
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Vincent Gardenia was an Italian-American stage, film, and television actor. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for Bang the Drum Slowly, Frank Ochoa in Death Wish and its 1982 sequel, as well as Mr. Mushnik in the musical film adaptation of Little Shop of Horrors. Gardenias other notable films include Murder Inc. The Hustler, The Front Page, Greased Lightning and Heaven Can Wait, Gardenia was born Vincenzo Scognamiglio in Naples, Italy, the son of Elisa and Gennaro Gardenia Scognamiglio. When he was two old, the family emigrated to the United States and settled in Brooklyn, New York City. His father established an acting troupe that presented Italian-language melodramas and he debuted in the company at age five, portraying a shoeshine boy. He graduated to character roles while still a teenager and he remained a member of the company until 1960, five years after his first English-speaking role on Broadway. Gardenia played a role in the film The House on 92nd Street and bit parts in other films, including Cop Hater. His first English-speaking role was in 1955, as a pirate in the Broadway play In April Once, the following year, at age 36, he appeared as Piggy in his Off-Broadway debut in The Man with the Golden Arm. He described his role in the film Little Murders as a turning point and he won Obie Awards in 1960 and 1969. A life member of The Actors Studio, Gardenia won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 1972 for his performance in The Prisoner of Second Avenue, in 1979, he was nominated for Best Actor in a Musical for his performance in Ballroom. In film, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in Bang the Drum Slowly. In television, Gardenia won the 1990 Emmy Award for his performance in Age-Old Friends, among his best remembered TV roles is his portrayal of Archie Bunkers neighbor Frank Lorenzo on All in the Family and as J. Edgar Hoover in the miniseries Kennedy. He also played in an episode of Voyage To The Bottom Of The Sea titled Escape From Venice, in December 1992, Gardenia was in Philadelphia to perform in the stage production of the Tom Dulack comedy Breaking Legs. He was beginning a run as restaurant owner Lou Garziano in the off-Broadway hit at the Forrest Theatre. It was a role he had performed since the shows New York opening in May 1991, according to Martin, Gardenia showed no signs of illness, adding, It was just a jolly evening. When they arrived at Gardenias hotel room, there was no answer, the hotel sent an engineer who opened the door and Gardenia was discovered dead of a heart attack, dressed and clutching the telephone. That evening, in the tradition of the show must go on and just hours after Gardenias death
27.
Swinging (sexual practice)
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The swinger community sometimes refers to itself as the lifestyle, or as the alternative lifestyle. People may choose a lifestyle for a variety of reasons. Many cite the increased quality, quantity, and frequency of sex, some people may engage in swinging to add variety into their otherwise conventional sex lives or due to their curiosity. Some couples see swinging as an outlet and means to strengthen their relationship. Others regard such activities as merely a social and recreational interaction with others, different clubs offer varied facilities and atmospheres, and often hold theme nights. Swinging is also known to place in semi-public venues such as hotels, resorts, or cruise ships, or often in private homes. Furthermore, many websites that cater to swinging couples now exist, contrary to the stereotyped view that multiple partners brings a serious threat of STIs, the incidence of STIs among swingers is lower than in the general population. Swingers are relatively knowledgeable about STIs and their symptoms, and will seek medical treatment for an STI. In some locations the county clinic treating STIs is seen as a place for clients to hook up with potential sexual partners. According to 2010 estimates by the Kinsey Institute swinging is relatively uncommon in the United States, research on swinging has been conducted in the United States since the late 1960s. One 2000 study, based on an Internet questionnaire addressed to visitors of swinger-related sites, 60% said that swinging improved their relationship,1. 7% said swinging made their relationship less happy. Approximately 50% of those who rated their relationship very happy before becoming swingers maintained their relationship had become happier, 90% of those with less happy relationships said swinging improved them. Almost 70% of swingers claimed no problem with jealousy, approximately 25% admitted I have difficulty controlling jealousy when swinging as somewhat true, while 6% said this was yes, Swingers rate themselves happier and their lives more exciting than non-swingers, by significantly large margins. There was no significant difference between responses of men and women, although more males than females completed the survey and this study, which only polled self-identified swingers, is of limited use to a broader application to the rest of society owing to self-selected sampling. John Stossel produced a news report into the swinging lifestyle. Stossels report in 2005 cited Terry Goulds research, which concluded that couples swing in order to not cheat on their partners. When Stossel asked swinging couples whether they worry their spouse will find they like someone else better, one male replied and they dont swing to go out and find a new wife, a woman asserted, It makes women more confident – that they are the ones in charge. According to Stossel, not one of them said dont do it, nevertheless, swingers whom Stossel interviewed claimed their marriages are stronger because they dont have affairs and they dont lie to each other
28.
Carroll O'Connor
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John Carroll OConnor was an American actor, producer, and director whose television career spanned four decades. A lifelong member of the Actors Studio, OConnor first attracted attention as Major General Colt in the 1970 film Kellys Heroes. The following year, he found fame as the working man Archie Bunker. OConnor later starred in the NBC/CBS television crime drama In the Heat of the Night from 1988 to 1995, at the end of his career in the late 1990s, he played the father of Jamie Buchman on Mad About You. In 1996, OConnor was ranked number 38 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time, Carroll OConnor, an Irish American, was the eldest of three sons. He was born on August 2,1924, in Manhattan, New York, to Edward Joseph OConnor, a lawyer, both of his brothers became doctors, Hugh, who died in a motorcycle accident in 1961, and Robert, a psychiatrist in New York City. OConnor spent much of his youth in Elmhurst and Forest Hills, Queens, in 1941, Carroll OConnor enrolled at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, but dropped out when the United States entered World War II. During the war, he was rejected by the United States Navy, after leaving that institution, he became a merchant seaman and served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II. After the war, OConnor attended the University of Montana-Missoula, where he met Nancy Fields and he also worked at the Montana Kaimin student newspaper as an editor. At the University of Montana, he joined Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, OConnor did not take any drama courses as an undergraduate at the University of Montana. He later left that university to help his younger brother Hugh get into school in Ireland. After OConnors fiancee, Nancy Fields, graduated from the University of Montana in 1951 with degrees in drama and English, she sailed to Ireland to meet Carroll, the couple married in Dublin on July 28,1951. In 1956, OConnor returned to Missoula to earn a degree in speech. OConnor and Meredith remained close, lifelong friends, OConnor made his television acting debut as a character actor on two episodes of Sunday Showcase. N. C. L. E. Dr. Kildare, I Spy, That Girl, Premiere and Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, OConnor starred as an Eastern European villain in the first season of Mission Impossible, season one, episode 18 The Trial. Late in his career, he appeared on episodes of Mad About You as the father of Helen Hunts character. He was among the actors considered for the roles of the Skipper on Gilligans Island, after three pilots done between 1968 and 1970, a network change to CBS, and the last name of the character changed to Bunker, the new sitcom was renamed All in the Family. The show was based on the BBCs Till Death Us Do Part, with Bunker based on Alf Garnett, OConnors Queens background and New York accent is said to have influenced Lear to set the show in Queens
29.
Jean Stapleton
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Jean Stapleton was an American character actress of stage, television, and film. Stapleton is best known for having portrayed Edith Bunker, the long-suffering, yet devoted wife of Archie Bunker, Stapleton was a three-time recipient of the Prime Time Emmy Award for leading actress in a comedy series and won two Golden Globes in the same category during the shows airing. She also made appearances on the All in the Family follow-up series Archie Bunkers Place. Stapleton was born on January 19,1923, in Manhattan, New York City, the daughter of Marie A. an opera singer and Joseph E. Murray, a billboard advertising salesman. At age 18, she began her career in 1941 in summer stock theatre, Stapleton was featured on Broadway theatre in several hit musicals, such as Damn Yankees, Funny Girl, Bells Are Ringing and Juno. She guest starred in television series, including the role of Rosa Criley in the 1963 episode The Bride Wore Pink on NBCs medical drama about psychiatry. She recreated her parts in the musicals of Damn Yankees. Kildare, My Three Sons, Car 54, Where Are You, dennis the Menace, and Naked City. On the episode The Hidden Jungle of The Defenders broadcast on December 1,1962, in 1979, Stapleton appeared in the original Canadian production of the musical Somethings Afoot, which was later broadcast on Showtime. At the same time, she played the role in the Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie, Aunt Mary. In 1982, Stapleton portrayed Eleanor Roosevelt in a production of the First Ladys later life. In 1998, and for a few years afterward, Stapleton took her Eleanor characterization to live theaters, Stapletons awards for All in the Family include three Emmys and two Golden Globes. In 1971, she bested both Mary Tyler Moore and Marlo Thomas for the Best Actress in a Comedy award on May 9, which happened to be Mothers Day. She was offered a role in the feature film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory as Mrs. Teevee and she also had a recurring role on televisions Scarecrow and Mrs. King as a British spy. She appeared in the educational series Beakmans World as Beakmans mother, Stapleton co-starred in 1984s feature film The Buddy System with Susan Sarandon and Richard Dreyfuss. She played Ariadne Oliver in the 1986 television adaptation of Dead Mans Folly, however, she declined the opportunity to lead in the television mystery programme Murder, She Wrote, which from 1984 to 1996 instead starred Angela Lansbury. In 1996, Stapleton played opposite John Travolta, portraying the eccentric rooming house owner, Stapleton also appeared in the 1998 feature Youve Got Mail as a close co-worker in whom Meg Ryans character confides. On May 14,2000, in the Mothers Day episode of the TV series Touched by an Angel, in the 1990s, Stapleton played the role of Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle in a childrens series of the same name based on the books by Betty MacDonald
30.
Bea Arthur
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Beatrice Bea Arthur was an American actress, comedian, singer, and animal rights activist. Arthur achieved fame as the character Maude Findlay on the 1970s sitcoms All in the Family and Maude, and as Dorothy Zbornak on the 1980s sitcom The Golden Girls, winning Emmy Awards for both roles. A stage actress both before and after her success, she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Vera Charles in the original cast of Mame. Beatrice Arthur was born Bernice Frankel on May 13,1922, to Rebecca and Philip Frankel in Brooklyn, Arthur was raised in a Jewish home with sisters Gertrude and Marian Kay. In 1933, the Frankel family relocated to Cambridge, Maryland, during World War II, she worked as a truck driver and typist in the United States Marine Corps Womens Reserve, receiving an Honorable Discharge in September 1945. From 1947, Arthur studied at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with German director Erwin Piscator, Arthur began her acting career as a member of an off Broadway theater group at the Cherry Lane Theatre in New York City in the late 1940s. She reprised the role in the unsuccessful 1974 film version opposite Lucille Ball, in 1981, she appeared in Woody Allens The Floating Light Bulb. She made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 1994 portraying the Duchess of Krakenthorp, in 1971, Arthur was invited by Norman Lear to guest-star on his sitcom All in the Family, as Maude Findlay, the cousin of Edith Bunker. An outspoken liberal feminist, Maude was the role to the conservative Republican character Archie Bunker. Nearly 50, Arthurs tart turn on All in the Family impressed viewers as well as executives at CBS who, she would later recall, lets give her her own series. That series, previewed in her second All in the Family appearance, the show, debuting in 1972, found her living in the affluent community of Tuckahoe, Westchester County, New York, with her fourth husband Walter and divorced daughter Carol. Her performance in the role garnered Arthur several Emmy and Golden Globe nominations, Maude would also earn a place for Arthur in the history of the womens liberation movement. A prime example is Maudes Dilemma, an episode airing near Thanksgiving of 1972 in which Maudes character grapples with a late-life pregnancy. Even though abortion was legal in New York State, it was illegal in other regions of the country and, as such. As a result, dozens of affiliates refused to broadcast the episode when it was originally scheduled, as a result, a reported 65 million viewers watched the two episode arc either in their first run that November or during the following summer as a rerun. The episode initially aired two months before the U. S. Supreme Court legalized the procedure nationwide in the Roe v. Wade outcome in January 1973, by 1978, however, Arthur decided to move on from the series. Later the same year, she costarred in Star Wars Holiday Special, in which she had a song and dance routine in the Mos Eisley Cantina. She hosted The Beatrice Arthur Special on CBS on January 19,1980 and her other roommates included widow Rose Nylund and Dorothys Sicilian mother, Sophia Petrillo
31.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
32.
Conrad Bain
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Conrad Stafford Bain was a Canadian-American actor. His television credits include a role as Phillip Drummond in the sitcom Diffrent Strokes. Conrad Bain was born in Lethbridge, Alberta, the son of Jean Agnes and Stafford Harrison Bain and he studied at the Banff School of Fine Arts before serving in the Canadian Army during World War II. He later studied in New York at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, graduating in 1948, Bain became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1946. After a stint at the Stratford Festival in Canada, Bain had further success as an actor in the 1956 Broadway revival of Eugene ONeills The Iceman Cometh. The New York Times reviewer noted that his role was well acted. Bains other Broadway theatre credits include Candide, Advise and Consent, An Enemy of the People, Uncle Vanya, on Off Broadway, he appeared in the original run of Steambath. While doing stage work in New York City, Bain also found work on television, appearing in the soap opera Dark Shadows as the town inkeeper, Mr. Wells and his character was killed off by werewolf Chris Jennings. In the early 1960s, Bain was one of the organizers of the Actors Federal Credit Union. It was at a meeting of the Actors Equity where a member stood up and asked why we didnt do something about actors not being able to get any credit, much less a mortgage or anything like that. Someone else stood up and echoed what the first member said, pointing out that the issue really was one of equity and he wrote, Remember this, no share payment is too small. The main objective should be to establish a consistent habit of saving. In return, you can have the security of knowing there is a place to turn to when you need a loan. Bain served as the unions first president. In the early 1970s, Bain appeared in New York–based films like Lovers and Other Strangers and he is best known for his roles as Dr. Garrett. In 1979, he played Phillip Drummond in an episode of The Facts of Life, in 1996, Bain reprised his role of Phillip Drummond along with Gary Coleman as Arnold Jackson on the series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Bain had two sons and a daughter with Monica Sloan, to whom he was married in 1945 until her death in 2009 and his identical twin brother was actor Bonar Bain, who once played Arnold Harmon, the twin brother of Conrads Maude character, Dr. Arthur Harmon. Bain died from complications following a stroke on January 14,2013, in Livermore, California, evans 1961, The Defenders 1965, The Trials of OBrien
33.
Vicki Lawrence
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One such character, The Family matriarch Thelma Harper/Mama, later was the central character of the television situation comedy series Mamas Family on NBC and, later, in first-run syndication. In 1973, she became a wonder on the U. S. chart with The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia. It reached number one on both the United States and Canada top charts, Lawrence has multiple Emmy Award nominations, winning one in 1976. She is also a multiple Golden Globe nominee, all for The Carol Burnett Show, Lawrence has made numerous post-Mamas Family guest TV show appearances in her famed Thelma Harper/Mama role. On February 5,2013, Lawrence appeared as the character in a sketch for Betty Whites 2nd Annual 90th Birthday. In addition, Lawrence regularly hosts a stage show titled Vicki Lawrence & Mama. Lawrence was born Victoria Ann Axelrad in Inglewood, California, United States, the daughter of Anne Alene and Howard Axelrad, the family surname was legally changed to Lawrence when Vicki was young. She is a graduate of Morningside High School in Inglewood, class of 1967, Lawrence had originally planned on being a dental hygienist. She attended UCLA while on The Carol Burnett Show, and even changed her major to theater arts, in high school, Lawrence auditioned for and got into the musical group The Young Americans. She stayed with the group almost until the end of high school, in November of Lawrences senior year, she entered the Miss Fireball of Inglewood contest for the local firefighters ball. A reporter for a newspaper wrote a story about the contest. Being an avid fan letter-writer, Lawrences mother urged her to write a letter, after receiving the letter, Burnett found Lawrences fathers name in the phone book, called her, and said she would go to see the Miss Fireball contest. Lawrence won the contest and Burnett was called to the stage to crown her, coincidentally, Burnett was looking for an actress to play her younger sister on her upcoming show. After a few months and auditions, Lawrence got the part, specifically for playing Chrissy in the Carol, after being given the job on The Carol Burnett Show, both Burnett and Harvey Korman took Lawrence under their wings. Korman taught her various sketch comedy skills, such as listening not just for a cue line, Lawrence has credited Korman and Burnett with being her mentors, and has referred to her experience on the show as the Harvard school of comedy. She is considered to be Burnetts protégée, Lawrence has stated that she learned show business from Burnett and looked up to her very much and that the two share a very close friendship. As a comedian and actress, Lawrence is known for her work on The Carol Burnett Show and she was the only cast member, except for Burnett herself, who stayed on the show for the entire 11 seasons. After The Carol Burnett Show ended in 1978, Lawrence and her husband Al Schultz moved with their children to Maui, Hawaii, but after a few years, returned to Los Angeles, where they have remained
34.
Betty White
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Betty Marion White Ludden is an American actress, with the longest television career of a female entertainer. She is known for her Emmy Award-winning roles as Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show, the Writers Guild of America has included both sitcoms in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series Of All Time. From 2010 to 2015, she starred as Elka Ostrovsky in the TV Land sitcom Hot in Cleveland, for which she has won two consecutive Screen Actors Guild Awards and she was nominated for an Emmy Award. In a career that has spanned more than 75 years, she has received eight Emmy awards in various categories and she also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, is a Television Hall of Fame inductee, and a Disney Legend. Betty Marion White was born in Oak Park, Illinois, on January 17,1922 and she has stated that Betty is her legal name and not a shortened version of Elizabeth. She is the child of Christine Tess, a homemaker, and Horace Logan White. Her paternal grandfather was Danish and her grandfather was Greek. Whites family moved to Alhambra, California and later to Los Angeles, to make extra money, her father would build radios and sell them wherever he could. Since it was the height of the Depression, and hardly anyone had a sizable income and she attended Horace Mann School Beverly Hills and Beverly Hills High School and aspired to become a forest ranger. However during this time women werent allowed to become rangers, instead, White pursued an interest in writing. She wrote and played the lead in a play at Horace Mann School. This is where she decided to become an actress, White made rounds to movie studios looking for work, but was always turned down because she was unphotogenic. So then she started to look for radio jobs where being photogenic did not matter and her first radio jobs included reading commercials and playing bit parts, and sometimes even doing crowd noises. She made about five dollars a show and she would do just about anything, like singing on a show for no money, or making an appearance on the local game show. White began her career in 1939, three months after high school graduation, when she and a classmate sang songs from The Merry Widow on an experimental Los Angeles channel. White found work modeling, and her first professional acting job was at the Bliss Hayden Little Theatre, Whites career was disrupted immediately, as World War II broke out, causing her to join the American Womens Voluntary Services. In the 1940s, she worked in radio, appearing on such as Blondie, The Great Gildersleeve. She then got her own show, called The Betty White Show
35.
Estelle Getty
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Estelle Getty was an American actress and comedian, who appeared in film, television, and theatre. In her later years, after retiring from acting, she battled Lewy body dementia, Estelle Getty was born Estelle Scher on July 25,1923 to Sarah and Charles Scher in New York City. Her father was employed in the glass business and she had a sister, Roslyn, and a brother, David. Getty is best known for her role as Sophia Petrillo on the popular 1980s sitcom The Golden Girls and her character was the Sicilian mother of Dorothy Zbornak, played by Beatrice Arthur, although Getty was, in fact, one year younger than Arthur. In 1988, the role earned Getty the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress, during her time on The Golden Girls, Getty, along with Steve Delsohn, co-wrote an autobiography entitled If I Knew Then, What I Know Now. She further capitalized on her success by releasing a video for senior citizens in 1993. The new show saw the three remaining cast members from the original series invest in a Miami hotel, the series was cancelled after just one season. Getty reprised her role of Sophia once again for a guest appearance in Nurses and she appeared in the series for the final two seasons. Getty made numerous guest appearances on a variety of popular television series, including Fantasy Island, Cagney & Lacey, Blossom, Touched by an Angel, Mad About You. Her numerous film roles include Tootsie, Mask and Stop, or My Mom Will Shoot, alongside Sylvester Stallone, which earned her a Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actress. Getty attended Seward Park High School in New York City and she was married to Arthur Gettleman from December 21,1947 until his death in 2004. The couple had two sons, Carl Gettleman, who lives in California, and Barry Gettleman, who lives in Florida. In 1991, as reported in Star magazine, Getty helped to nurse her 29-year-old nephew Steven Scher. Because Schers parents lived in England and his friends were no longer able to care for him in Greensboro, North Carolina, Getty had him flown to California, in 2000, Getty stopped making public appearances after revealing she had Parkinsons disease and osteoporosis. In 2002, media reports claimed she was suffering from Alzheimers disease. Doctors later discovered she actually had Lewy body dementia, both the Parkinsons and Alzheimers diagnoses were incorrect, Golden Girls cast members who attempted to talk to her on the phone or in person found that she couldnt remember them, or anything about the show. Bea Arthur said that even during production of the series, Getty had so much trouble remembering her lines that they should have known something was wrong from the beginning, in 2003, Lifetime television hosted a Golden Girls reunion, The Golden Girls, Their Greatest Moments. In 2008, the show was awarded the Pop Culture award at the Sixth Annual TV Land Awards, Getty did not participate in either project due to declining health
36.
The Great Movie Ride
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The Great Movie Ride is a guided vehicle dark ride located in Disneys Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World. The attraction employs the use of Audio-Animatronic figures, live actors, special effects, the attraction—which debuted with the park on May 1, 1989—is located inside a replica of Graumans Chinese Theatre, one of Hollywoods most famous movie palaces. The Great Movie Ride directly inspired the creation of Disneys Hollywood Studios, however, the newly assigned Disney CEO Michael Eisner and WDI president Marty Sklar decided the idea was strong enough to lead an entire new theme park. The idea for the ride was expanded, and the Disney-MGM Studios went into official development, plans called for The Great Movie Ride to be the main attraction for the Disney-MGM Studios Paris theme park, which was scrapped due to the early financial difficulties of the Euro Disneyland Resort. A show called CinéMagique was built in lieu of the due to claims by Disney management that the French preferred shows to ride-through attractions. Three separate attempts have been made by Walt Disney Imagineering to bring The Great Movie Ride to California, due to budget cuts, however, Hollywoodland was canceled. Later, plans called for the ride to be built as part of the Hollywood Pictures Backlot area of the Disney California Adventure Park theme park at the Disneyland Resort. But budget cuts in the original development planning forced the rides projected cost to be spent on smaller, original. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Disney was interested in purchasing Jim Hensons Muppets, Walt Disney Imagineering developed a Muppet-themed land for Disney-MGM Studios called Muppet Movieland. However, after Henson died, the deal fell apart and Disney cut back on the Muppet-themed area to just Muppet*Vision 3D, where the screen is now was where the Wizard would have appeared surrounded by flames. Along the outer walls of the theatre, is currently large empty carpeted areas, here was supposed to be large platforms where models of all of the audio-animatronic characters seen earlier in the ride would be standing and would take a bow. Unlike many Disney dark rides that feature separate embarkation and debarkation areas, the last people to exit the vehicles often pass the next group of guests waiting to board the vehicles. At the time the ride was designed, it was throughout the theme park industry to have all major rides exit into a store selling merchandise associated with the attraction. The Great Movie Ride, however, does not exit directly into a store, in 2014, as part of an exclusive programming deal with Disney, Turner Classic Movies agreed to become the sponsor of the attraction. The attraction underwent a refurbishment in 2015, with the addition of a new pre-show and post-show hosted by Robert Osborne, the changes were unveiled on May 29,2015. Since its inception, The Great Movie Ride has had some modifications worth noting, the first sequence of the ride, Footlight Parade, was plagued with engineering and technical problems from the beginning. When the ride was opened, the Footlight Parade segment was different than it is today. The entire portion following the neon lighted entrance was fleshed out, all the walls leading up to, around, and beyond the cake were painted in art deco style patterns as seen in By A Waterfall
37.
Walt Disney World
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The Walt Disney World Resort is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. The resort is the destination of Disneys worldwide corporate enterprise. Opened on October 1,1971, Walt Disney World is the most visited vacation resort in the world, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company, Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disneys Hollywood Studios in 1989, and the most recent, Disneys Animal Kingdom in 1998. Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the Florida Project, as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of rides. Walt Disneys original plans called for the inclusion of an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. Walt Disney died on December 15,1966, before construction began, without Disney spearheading the construction, the company created a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning experimental concepts for a planned community. In 1959, Walt Disney Productions began looking for land to house a second resort to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955. Market surveys at the revealed that only 5% of Disneylands visitors came from east of the Mississippi River. Additionally, Walt Disney disliked the businesses that had sprung up around Disneyland, Walt Disney flew over a potential site in Orlando, Florida – one of many – in November 1963. To avoid a burst of land speculation, Walt Disney World Company used various dummy corporations to acquire 30,500 acres of land, in May 1965, some of these major land transactions were recorded a few miles southwest of Orlando in Osceola County. In addition, two tracts totaling $1. Some are now memorialized on a window above Main Street, U. S. A. in Magic Kingdom, the smaller parcels of land acquired were called outs. They were 5-acre lots platted in 1912 by the Munger Land Company, most of the owners in the 1960s were happy to get rid of the land, which was mostly swamp at the time. Another issue was the rights to the land, which were owned by Tufts University. Without the transfer of rights, Tufts could come in at any time. Eventually, Disneys team negotiated a deal with Tufts to buy the rights for $15,000. Working strictly in secrecy, real estate agents unaware of their clients identity began making offers to landowners in April 1964 in parts of southwest Orange and northwest Osceola counties
38.
Disney's Hollywood Studios
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Disneys Hollywood Studios, originally Disney-MGM Studios, is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, near Orlando. It is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, based on an idea by Marty Sklar, Randy Bright, and Michael Eisner, the park opened on May 1,1989, and was the third of four theme parks built at Walt Disney World. To increase public interest and the variety of representation within the park, Disney entered into a licensing agreement with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The parks current name took effect in 2008, with the removal of the MGM-branding throughout the park, the parks icon was originally the Earffel Tower from the parks opening until 2001 when the Sorcerers Hat—a stylized version of the magical hat from Fantasia—was erected in the parks central hub. It then served as the icon until its removal in January 2015. The tower was removed in April 2016. Currently, the park remains without an official designated icon, although both the Great Movie Ride and the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror are represented as such in marketing materials. In 2015, the park hosted approximately 10.8 million guests, ranking it the fifth most-visited theme park in North America and we welcome you to a Hollywood that never was—and always will be. A team of Walt Disney Imagineers led by Marty Sklar and Randy Bright had been given an assignment to two new pavilions for Epcots Future World section. The brainstorming sessions led to Wonders of Life and Great Movie Ride pavilions, the latter was to look like a soundstage backdrop, with a movie theater-style entrance in the middle and would have sat between the Land and Journey Into Imagination pavilions. In 1988, MGM/UA responded by filing a lawsuit that claimed Disney violated the agreement by operating a working movie, when the park first opened, the only two attractions were the Studio Backlot Tour and The Great Movie Ride. Disney later filed a countersuit, claiming that MGM/UA and MGM Grand, on October 23,1992, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Curtis B. The 33-acre MGM Grand Adventures Theme Park opened in 1993 at the Las Vegas site, on August 9,2007, Walt Disney World President Meg Crofton announced that Disney-MGM Studios would be re-branded as Disneys Hollywood Studios, effective January 7,2008. On March 12,2015, during a shareholders meeting. Disneys Hollywood Studios is divided into six themed areas, the parks original layout featured a large Hidden Mickey, which was visible in aerial photographs of the park and on the parks early guide maps. Construction and other changes have eliminated much of this image. Hollywood Boulevard, inspired by the street in Los Angeles, serves as the main entrance and operates in the same vein as Main Street. It is lined with themed streetscape facades and venues selling Disney merchandise, guests enter through the main entrance gate, which resembles the Pan-Pacific Auditorium
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Al-Anon/Alateen
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Alateen is part of the Al-Anon fellowship designed for the younger relatives and friends of alcoholics through the teen years. Al-Anon defines itself as an independent fellowship with the purpose of helping relatives. According to the organization, alcoholism is a family illness and we believe alcoholism is a family illness and that changed attitudes can aid recovery. Al-Anon is not allied with any sect, denomination, political entity, organization, or institution, does not engage in any controversy, there are no dues for membership. Al-Anon is self-supporting through its own voluntary contributions, Al-Anon has but one purpose, to help families of alcoholics. We do this by practicing the Twelve Steps, by welcoming and giving comfort to families of alcoholics, Not an intervention program, Al-Anon does not have the stated primary purpose of arresting anothers compulsive drinking. Meetings are usually small, in meetings, members often split into smaller groups after the opening readings so everyone has a chance to speak. We who live, or have lived, with the problem of alcoholism understand as perhaps few others can, Al-Anon was co-founded in 1951,16 years after the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous on June 10,1935, by Anne B. and Lois W. Before the formation of Al-Anon, independent groups of families of alcoholics met, Bill thought the groups could be consolidated and that Lois should be the one to take it on. Al-Anon adopted the Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous for their use word for word with the exception of the Twelfth Step and its name derives from the first parts of the words Alcoholics Anonymous. Alateen, part of Al-Anon, began in California in 1957 when a teenager named Bob joined with five young people who had been affected by the alcoholism of a family member. After a while I began to wonder why I was not as happy as I ought to be, then one Sunday, Bill asked me if I was ready to go to the meeting with him. To my own astonishment as well as his, I burst forth with and this surprising display of temper over nothing pulled me up short and made me start to analyze my own attitudes. My lifes purpose of sobering up Bill, which had made me feel desperately needed, had vanished, I decided to strive for my own spiritual growth. I used the principles as he did to learn how to change my attitudes. That the partner of the alcoholic also needed to live by a spiritual program, participation in Al-Anon has been associated with less personal blame by females who, as a whole, engage in more initial personal blame for the drinking than males. Al-Anon members are encouraged to keep the focus on themselves, rather than on the alcoholic, although members believe that changed attitudes can aid recovery, they stress that one person did not cause, cannot cure and cannot control another persons alcohol-related choices and behaviors. Al-Anons primary purpose is to help families and friends of alcoholics, a 1999 clinical analysis of methods used by concerned significant others to encourage alcoholics to seek treatment indicated that Al-Anon participation was mostly ineffective towards this goal
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Patty Duke
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Anna Marie Patty Duke was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She first became known as a teen star, winning an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at age 16 for her role as Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker, a role which she had originated on Broadway. The following year she was given her own show, The Patty Duke Show and she later progressed to more mature roles such as that of Neely OHara in the film Valley of the Dolls. Over the course of her career, she received ten Emmy Award nominations, Duke also served as president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1985 to 1988. Duke was diagnosed bipolar disorder in 1982, after which she devoted much of her time to advocating for. Duke was born in Elmhurst, Queens, New York, the youngest of three children of Frances Margaret, a cashier, and John Patrick Duke, a handyman and she was of Irish, and more distant German, descent. Duke, her brother Raymond, and her sister Carol experienced a difficult childhood and their father was an alcoholic, and their mother suffered from clinical depression and was prone to violence. When Duke was six, her mother forced her father to leave the family home. When Duke was eight, her care was turned over to talent managers John and Ethel Ross, the Rosses methods of managing Dukes career were often unscrupulous and exploitative. They consistently billed Duke as being two years younger than she actually was and padded her resume with false credits and they gave her alcohol and prescription drugs, took unreasonably high fees from her earnings and made sexual advances to her. In addition, the Rosses ordered Duke to change her name—Anna Marie is dead and they hoped that Patty Duke would duplicate the success of tween actress Patty McCormack. One of Dukes earlier acting roles was in the late 1950s and she also appeared in print ads and in television commercials. In 1959, at the age of 12, Duke appeared on The $64,000 Question and won $32,000, in 1962, it was revealed that the game show had been rigged, and she was called to testify before a panel of the United States Senate. Also in 1959, Duke appeared in an adaptation of Meet Me in St. Louis as Tootie Smith. Dukes first major starring role was playing Helen Keller in the Broadway play The Miracle Worker, during the run, Dukes name was elevated to above the plays name on the theatres billboard, believed to be the first time this had been done for such a young star. The play was made into a 1962 film, for which Duke received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At 16, Duke was the youngest person at that time to have received an Academy Award in a competitive category, Duke returned to television, this time starring with Laurence Olivier and George C. Scott in a television production of The Power and the Glory. Dukes own series, The Patty Duke Show, which Sidney Sheldon created especially for her, the show also featured such high-profile guest stars as Sammy Davis, Jr. Peter Lawford, Paul Lynde and Sal Mineo
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Fag hag
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Fag hag is a gay slang phrase referring to a woman who either associates mostly or exclusively with gay and bisexual men. The phrase originated in gay culture in the United States and was historically an insult. Some women who associate with gay men object to being called fag hags while others embrace the term, Fag hags are frequently stereotyped as outgoing women who are seeking a substitute for heterosexual relationships, or who are secretly sexually attracted to gay men. American fag hag synonyms include fruit fly, queen bee, homo honey, fruit loop, Goldilocks, flame dame, fairy princess, gabe, Tori, men of any sexual orientation who have many lesbian friends are called dutch boys or lesbros in the United States. The Japanese word okoge has a neutral connotation. The German word is Schwulenmutti, or Gabi, the ironic used nickname for Gabriele or Gabriela, in the case of friendships between lesbians and gay men, the term dyke diva describes the gay man in the relationship. A straight man of platonic affinity with gay men is a fag stag, again, in the United Kingdom, a straight man who enjoys the company of lesbians is known as a dikey likey. For men who have many friends the slang terms dutch boy. People who associate with lesbian, gay, and bisexual people may be called fruit flies regardless of their sex, the term has often been used in entertainment. In the film Fame, writer Christopher Gore used the term fag hag in describing the character Doris in her relationship with her gay friend, comedian Margaret Cho has written and regularly talks in her stand-up routines about being a fag hag. In an episode of the UK TV sitcom Gimme Gimme Gimme, in the made-for television series Tales of the City, based on Armistead Maupins novel series, Mona Ramsey wonders if her friendship with Michael Mouse Tolliver makes her a fag hag. The term is referenced in Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Fives song The Message. The first annual Miss Fag Hag Pageant took place in New York City on May 17,2009 at Comix with judges Caroline Rhea, Michael Musto, Hedda Lettuce, heather Shields took the first prize. Fag stag Beard Discussion of the anthropology of the phrase Fag Hag Shepperd, D. Coyle, A. & Hegarty, discourses of friendship between heterosexual women and gay men, Mythical norms and an absence of desire, Feminism and Psychology,20, 205-224
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