Russo–Circassian War
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The Russo–Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, or termed by the Circassians as the Great War with the Tsar took place in the North Caucasus between July 1763 and June 1864.
Heinrich Ambrose Eckert Battle between Cossacks and Circassians
Presidents of the Circassian Confederation
Circassian patrol
A Cossack Post on the Approach of the Circassians
Circassian genocide
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The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the systematic mass killing, ethnic cleansing, and forced displacement of between 95% and 97% of the Circassian people during the final stages of the Russian
Russo–Circassian War
…rhetoric that glorified the mass murder and rape of Circassian civilians. Upon achieving hegemony throughout Circassia in 1864, Russia perpetrated the Circassian genocide, which continued until 1878 and resulted in the destruction of about 97% of the entire Circassian population. Upwards of 2,000,000 Circassians were…
Demographic change in the Western Caucasus following the Circassian genocide. Survivors were primarily those who fled or were expelled, hid in marshes and caves, or, in rare cases, made successful agreements with the Imperial Russian Army.
Russian military and Circassian representatives meet for discussions, 1855
Russian imperial army general Grigory Zass, who became notorious for implementing extremely murderous policies against Circassians during the Russo-Circassian War and the Circassian genocide. In addition to carrying out brutal massacres of Circassian women and children, various cruel practices perpetrated by Zass included collecting skulls and amputated body parts of Circassians.
Destruction of Shapsug and Abzakh villages along the Dagoy River. March 1835.