The São Paulo Museum of Art is an art museum located on Paulista Avenue in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. It is well known for its headquarters, a 1968 concrete and glass structure designed by Lina Bo Bardi, whose main body is supported by two lateral beams over a 74 metres freestanding space, considered a landmark of the city and a main symbol of modern Brazilian architecture; the museum is a private non-profit institution founded in 1947 by Assis Chateaubriand and Pietro Maria Bardi. MASP distinguished itself for many important initiatives concerning museology and art education in Brazil, as well as for its pioneering role as a cultural center, it was the first Brazilian museum interested in Post-World War II art. The museum is internationally recognized for its collection of European art, considered the finest in Latin America and all Southern Hemisphere, it houses an emphatic assemblage of Brazilian art and drawings, as well as smaller collections of African and Asian art, decorative arts, others, amounting to more than 8,000 pieces.
MASP has one of the largest art libraries in the country. The entire collection has been named by Brazil's Institute of History and Art to the Brazilian National Heritage list. At the end of the 1940s, Brazilian economy was passing through large structural changes, consolidating the transition from an era dependent on coffee cycle to one of growing industrialization; the state of São Paulo was attracting many industries and workers from many regions of the country and the world, the city of São Paulo, in particular, had established itself as the most important industrial hub in the country. Regarding the artistic life, however, São Paulo's most notable reference was still the Week of Modern Art of 1922. Despite the importance this event had enjoyed in the 1920s, Modernism wouldn't draw much attention of city dwellers and institutions in the following decades. There was only one art museum in São Paulo, the Pinacoteca do Estado devoted to Academic art, besides a commercial gallery. Assis Chateaubriand and owner of Diários Associados, or "Associated Daily Press", the largest media and press conglomerate of Brazil at the time, was one of the most influential individuals of this period.
Jockingly nicknamed "King of Brazil", he was a active partaker in the national moves toward modernization. Backed by the power of his press conglomerate, Chateaubriand used to pressure Brazilian political and economical elite to help him in his "public campaigns". In the mid-1940s, Chateaubriand created the Campanha da Aviação, which consisted of vigorous fundraising to acquire training aircraft, at the aim of endowing the country with a proper aviation system; as a result, more than one thousand aircraft were donated to Brazilian aviation schools. After the end of the Campanha da Aviação, Chateaubriand would start a new campaign, with the boldly intent of acquiring masterpieces to form an art collection of international standard in Brazil, he intended to host the museum in Rio de Janeiro, but chose São Paulo where he believed it would be easier to gather the necessary funds, since this city was enjoying a prosperous moment. At the same time, the European art market had been influenced by the end of World War II, making it possible to acquire fine artworks for reasonable prices.
Chateaubriand would need the help of an expert in the selection of the artworks. With that purpose, he invited Pietro Maria Bardi, an Italian professor and art dealer, former owner of galleries in Milan and Rome, to help him create a "Museum of Classical and Modern Art". Bardi objected that there shouldn't be distinctions among arts, proposing a "Museum of Art", accepted the invitation. Planning to lead the project for only a year, Bardi would dedicate the rest of his life to it, he moved to Brazil together with his wife, the architect Lina Bo Bardi, brought along his library and his private art collection. The museum was inaugurated and opened to public visitation on October 2, 1947, displaying the first acquisitions, amongst which canvases by Picasso and Rembrandt. In these first years of activity, the museum was located on the first floor of the Diarios Associados headquarters. Lina Bo Bardi was in charge of adapting the building to the needs of the museum, dividing it into four distinct areas: art gallery, a didactic exposition room about history of art, temporary exhibition room and an auditorium.
MASP was the first Brazilian institution interested in acquiring works of modern art. The museum would become a meeting point for artists and intellectuals, attracted not only by its holdings, but because of the workshops and courses about history of art, temporary exhibitions of national and foreigner artists, the educative program, open to receive manifestations of multiple fields of art, such as theater and music. In the 1950s the museum increased its didactic performance, creating the Institute of Contemporary Art, the Publicity School, organizing debates about cinema and literature and creating a juvenile orchestra and a ballet company; the courses were given by important names of the Brazilian artistic scene, such as the painters Lasar Segall and Roberto Sambonet, the architects Gian Carlo Palanti and Lina Bo Bardi, the sculptor August Zamoyski, the motion-picture technician Alberto Cavalcanti. Along with the amplification of the educational program, the museum witnessed the growth in importance of its collection and the international recognition of the institution.
Between 1953 and 1957, a selection of 100 mast
The Pacific Crest Bicycle Trail is a 2,500-mile-long, road-based bicycle touring route from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. It was designed to parallel the Pacific Crest Trail and the two trails cross 27 times as they pass through the states of Washington and California; the PCBT passes through the North Cascades National Park, Crater Lake National Park, Lassen Volcanic National Park, Yosemite National Park, Kings Canyon National Park, Sequoia National Park and is routed through the Cascades and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges. The route attains its highest elevation at Tioga Pass in California at 10,000 feet. Both paved and unpaved roads are used. In several sections where an unpaved road is used, a paved road alternative is offered; the route passes through terrain as varied as thick evergreen forests, apple orchards, wide river canyons, glaciated high Sierra canyons, high desert. The PCBT was first publicized by Bil Paul in his 1990 guidebook Pacific Crest Bicycle Trail, now out of print.
According to a trip report by Caryl L. Bergeron, the route through most of Washington to Central Oregon included: from Sedro-Woolley, Washington to Twisp on SR 20 to Pateros on SR 153 to Wenatchee on US 97 to Ellensburg on US 2 and SR 821 to Selah on Old Naches Heights Road to Naches on US 12 to Randle on US 12 to Trout Lake on SR 131 and Forest Service Road 23 to Hood River, Oregon on SR 141 through Hood River on 2nd Street, Oak Avenue, 13th Street to Parkdale on Route 281 to Detroit on Route 35, U. S. Route 26, Forest Service Road 42 to Sisters on Oregon Route 22The route was changed and field re-researched by Bil Paul in 2008 to use all paved roads. However, more side roads are used; the Adventure Cycling Assn. of Missoula, published in April 2010 a series of five maps covering the revised route which they call the Sierra Cascades Bicycle Route. A side route to Mount Rainier National Park has been added; the southern terminus of the route has been changed to Mexico. At the northern terminus at Sumas, Washington, a connector route allows riding between Sumas and Bellingham, for an airport route to the Pacific Coast Bicycle Route
Kathleen Man Gyllenhaal is an American filmmaker from Hawaii. Man Gyllenhaal graduated from Yale University with a B. A. degree in Film studies and received her M. F. A. degree from The University of Iowa. Man Gyllenhaal was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship in Paris, France where she directed an award-winning short film titled L'Entretien. Man Gyllenhaal served as a professor at Vassar College where she was awarded tenure. While at the college, Man Gyllenhaal directed a short film as a collaboration with her students titled, Walk the Fish. Man Gyllenhaal was born on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. There, she attended high school at the Punahou School, graduating in 1992. In July 2011 Man Gyllenhaal married Stephen Gyllenhaal, a director/producer, the father of actors Jake and Maggie Gyllenhaal; the ceremony was held on her home island of Oahu. The pair have collaborated on projects such as the film Grassroots which starred Jason Biggs and Joel David Moore. Man Gyllenhaal gave birth to a son in 2014 after two miscarriages.
As of 2017, the couple has resided in the Hollywood Hills. Man Gyllenhaal has directed many award-winning shorts including Sita: A Girl From Jambu which explores sex trafficking in Nepal, Kind of a Blur which starred Sandra Oh and Lychee Thieves a short film where Man Gyllenhaal represented her native Hawaii. Sita: A Girl From Jambu was used at benefit screenings to raise awareness and funds for the prevention of sex trafficking in Nepal; the film is based on Bichari Sita, a play, written and performed by native girls in rural Nepal. Man Gyllenhaal directed the award-winning feature-length documentary, Beauty Mark; the film tells the story of runner, Diane Israel, her struggle with an eating disorder. Man Gyllenhaal is a screenwriter for The Kennedy Detail. Kathleen is the writer/director of'In Utero' a feature documentary about in utero life and its impact on human development, which premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2015. For her film'In Utero', she was nominated for the'Talented New Director Award' by the International Filmmaker Festival of World Cinema.
Man Gyllenhaal was pregnant herself while filming'In Utero'. Official website Kathleen Man Gyllenhaal on IMDb