Samnium
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Samnium is a Latin exonym for a region of Southern Italy anciently inhabited by the Samnites. Their own endonyms were Safinim for the country and Safineis for the people. The language of these endonym
Samnite soldiers, from a tomb frieze in Nola, Campania, 4th century BC.
Samnite Wars
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The First, Second, and Third Samnite Wars were fought between the Roman Republic and the Samnites, who lived on a stretch of the Apennine Mountains south of Rome and north of the Lucanian tribe.
Samnium
…The earliest written record of the people is a treaty with the Romans from 354 BC, which set their border at the Liris River. Shortly thereafter the Samnite Wars broke out; they won an important battle against the Roman army in 321 BC, and their imperium reached its peak in 316 BC after further gains from the…
Ancient Roman fresco from the Esquiline Necropolis, dated c. 300–280 BC, possibly representing scenes from the Second Samnite war
A ceremonial Attic helmet typical of many found in Samnite tombs, c. 300 BC
Second Samnite War, Battle of the Caudine Forks in 321 BC, the Roman army of the consuls Tiberius Veturius Calvinus symbolically pass under the yoke after their surrender