1.
Sebastian County Courthouse-Ft. Smith City Hall
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The Sebastian County Courthouse/Fort Smith City Hall is a historic civic building at 100 South 6th Street in Fort Smith, Arkansas. It is a large stone and concrete structure with modest Art Deco styling. Its interior lobby and courthouse spaces are decorated, with marble walls, terrazzo marble flooring. The building continues to house county facilities, the city offices are now located on Garrison Avenue, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. National Register of Historic Places listings in Sebastian County, Arkansas
2.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Fort Smith, Arkansas
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Fort Smith is the second-largest city in Arkansas and one of the two county seats of Sebastian County. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 86,209, Fort Smith has a sister city relationship with Cisterna, Italy, site of the World War II Battle of Cisterna, fought by United States Army Rangers commanded by Fort Smith native William O. Darby. Fort Smith lies on the Arkansas-Oklahoma state border, situated at the junction of the Arkansas and Poteau Rivers, also known as Belle Point. The city began as a frontier military post in 1817 and would later become well known for its role in the settling of the Wild West. In 2007, Fort Smith was selected by the United States Department of the Interior to be the location of the new United States Marshals Service National Museum, the site that would later become Fort Smith became part of the United States in the Louisiana Purchase. Soon after, the Pike Expedition explored the Arkansas River, Fort Smith was founded in 1817 as a military post. A stockade was built and occupied, from 1817 until 1822, around the fort a small settlement began forming, but the Army abandoned the first Fort Smith in 1824 and moved 80 miles further west to Fort Gibson. Fort Smiths name comes from General Thomas Adams Smith, who commanded the United States Army Rifle Regiment in 1817, General Smith had ordered Army topographical engineer Stephen H. Long to find a suitable site on the Arkansas River for a fort. General Smith never visited the town or forts that bore his name, many displaced Native Americans settled in Fort Smith and Van Buren, while Sebastian county was formed in 1851, separated from Crawford County north of the Arkansas River. The fort was occupied by the Confederate Army during the years of the U. S. Civil War. Union troops under General Steele took control of Fort Smith on September 1,1863, a small fight occurred there on July 31,1864, but the Union army maintained command in the area until the war ended in 1865. The town became a haven for runaway slaves, orphans, Southern Unionists, federal troops abandoned the post of Fort Smith for the last time in 1871. The town continued to thrive despite the absence of federal troops, two of Fort Smiths most notable historic figures were Judge Isaac Parker and William Henry Harrison Clayton, sometimes referred to as W. H. H. In 1874, William Henry Harrison Clayton was appointed United States Attorney for the Western District of Arkansas by President Ulysses S. Grant, Fort Smith was a bustling community full of brothels, saloons and outlaws, just across the river from Indian Territory. William Clayton realized a strong judge would be necessary to bring law and he knew of a strong judge in Isaac Parker. But there was a problem, as Judge Parker had been appointed Chief Justice of Utah Territory, with the help of President Grant and US Senator Powell Clayton, former governor of Arkansas, William Clayton was able to undo that appointment and redirect Judge Parker to Fort Smith. Judge Isaac Parker served as U. S. District Judge 1875–1896, over the course of his career in Fort Smith, Parker sentenced 160 people to death. Of those,79 actually were executed on the gallows and his courthouse is now a National Historic Site where more men were put to death by the U. S. Government
5.
Arkansas's 3rd congressional district
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Arkansass 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Arkansas. The district covers Northwest Arkansas and takes in Bentonville, Fayetteville, Springdale, the district is represented by Republican Steve Womack, who succeeded fellow Republican and now U. S. Wal-Marts corporate headquarters are located in district in Bentonville. The University of Arkansas is located in Fayetteville, Springdale is the home of Tyson Foods. It is the most Republican district in the state, the seat has been in Republican hands continuously since the election of John Paul Hammerschmidt in 1966. George W. Bush received 62% of the vote in district in 2004. John McCain swept the district in 2008 with 64. 16% of the vote while Barack Obama received 33. 45% of the vote and it was McCains best and Obamas worst performance in Arkansas. As of April 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Arkansass 3rd congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was John Paul Hammerschmidt on April 1,2015, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
6.
Oklahoma
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Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States, the states name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning red people. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged, on November 16,1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally Okies, and its capital, a major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. In 2007, it had one of the economies in the United States, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahomas primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas. With small mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather. The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people, equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was approved in 1890. Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles and it is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defines the placement of the Red River, the Oklahoma panhandles Western edge is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line, the border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian, in the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east and it was much easier to leave the mistake than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian, cimarron County in Oklahomas panhandle is the only county in the United States that touches four other states, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Kansas. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The states lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, Oklahoma, which dips to 289 feet above sea level
7.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
8.
Interstate 49
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Its southern terminus is in Lafayette, Louisiana, at Interstate 10 while its northern terminus is in Kansas City, Missouri at Interstate 435 and Interstate 470. Portions of the roadway in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas. Although not part of the original 1957 interstate highway plan, residents of Missouri, Arkansas, the campaign called for Interstate 29 to be extended south from Kansas City to New Orleans following much of the route along US71. The plan called for creating a limited access expressway from New Orleans to the Canadian border, the highway is not named Interstate 29 because of interstate naming rules. The rules state that north-south roads are odd numbered and the highways are named in increasing order from west to east, since there are an Interstate 35 and an Interstate 45 to the west and an Interstate 55 to the east Interstate 49 was chosen for the name. The current southern terminus of I-49 is located at an interchange with I-10. I-49 begins its journey concurrent with US167 as it travels northward through Carencro, Sunset, Grand Coteau, US167 departs from the interstates alignment at exit 23 between Opelousas and Washington, and I-49 begins to take a northwesterly path through the heavily wooded rural terrain. Various state highways provide access to the towns and cities located along the parallel US71 and US167 corridors, such as Lebeau, Ville Platte, Bunkie. After crossing US167, I-49 travels between US71 and US165 into the Alexandria metropolitan area in central Louisiana, I-49 travels through downtown Alexandria doubling as US71 Byp. and is also concurrent with portions of US167 and LA28. Major interchanges with US167 and US71 lead to bridges that cross the Red River into the city of Pineville. Continuing northwest from Alexandria, I-49 parallels the Red River and LA1 through Boyce and passes just west of the city of Natchitoches. Between Natchitoches and Shreveport, I-49 travels between LA1 and US171 and has junctions with US371 and US84, connecting with Coushatta and Mansfield, in Shreveport, the interstate heads directly into the downtown area and terminates at I-20, a route which facilitates eastbound traffic. However, through traffic bound for I-20 west and the segment of I-49 is directed to transfer onto LA3132 at an interchange located about 5.5 miles south of this terminus. LA3132 is a freeway bypass of Shreveport known as the Inner Loop Expressway that becomes I-220 upon intersecting I-20. On the north side of town, motorists may exit I-220 and follow US 71/LA1 for 4.3 miles to reach the next segment of I-49, the heaviest traffic on I-49 occurs within the cities of Shreveport and Opelousas. The southern segment of I-49 enters Arkansas from Louisiana and it progresses northward to a temporary terminus at US71 and US59 at the Texas state line north of Texarkana. The northern segment of I-49 in Arkansas, formerly signed as part of I-540, begins at I-40 in Alma, the freeway passes through steep, sparsely populated terrain before entering the Bobby Hopper Tunnel in Washington County. Entering the Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, I-49 has six exits for Fayetteville, the route serves as the boundary between Bentonville and Rogers, with seven exits for the two cities before terminating at US71
9.
U.S. Route 64
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U. S. Route 64 is an east–west United States highway that runs for 2,326 miles from the Outer Banks in eastern North Carolina to just southwest of the Four Corners in northeast Arizona. The western terminus is at U. S. Route 160 in Teec Nos Pos, the highways eastern terminus is at NC12 and U. S. Route 158 at Whalebone Junction, North Carolina. US 64s western terminus is Teec Nos Pos, Arizona, at US160 and it goes southeast from Teec Nos Pos and enters New Mexico. US64 runs through Farmington, Taos, Angel Fire, Eagle Nest, Cimarron, as it runs through Raton, it is co-signed with U. S. Route 87. It continues through to Clayton, where US87 is replaced by U. S, the three routes then run concurrently into Oklahoma. Twenty-eight miles northeast of Cimarron is Raton Municipal Airport and it is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways. At Angel Fire, US64 runs past the Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park. Although US64 does not technically cross into Texas, the New Mexico-Texas border does reach the shoulder of US64 outside of Clayton at 36. 500352°N103. 041922°W /36.500352, -103.041922. Heading into the Oklahoma Panhandle, the three conjoined routes pick up a two miles southwest of Boise City, as US-385 merges from the south. Shortly thereafter, US-56 also departs the route, heading northeast into Kansas, while US-64, near Guymon, the route turns due south to approach the town. US-412 then heads due east, while US-64 veers from due south to northeast and these two routes remain together for about 20 miles, splitting at Hooker, with US-54 continuing northeast into Kansas while US-64 again veers due east. At Turpin, US-64 turns left, running north with US-83, three miles later, it turns east, joining US-270 while US-83 and westbound US-270 continue north to Liberal. Near Pond Creek, US-64 turns south, joined by US-60, US-64 splits off just north of Enid, jogging through the city before rejoining US-412 on the east side of town. The two routes remain together until they meet Interstate 35, which US-64 joins briefly southbound while US-412 continues east, US-64 departs I-35 at Perry, intersecting the parallel US-77 before continuing east. On either side of Morrison the route intersects US-177 and US-412 before passing through Pawnee and it then veers southeast, rejoining US-412 yet again to head into Tulsa. In downtown Tulsa, the route diverges from US-412 for the final time and it then proceeds south, crossing the Creek Turnpike, then crosses the Arkansas River in Bixby before turning to the southeast. After passing through Haskell, US-64 and US-62 meet head-on, north–south, they join, the routes disengage at the intersection with US-69, with US-64 bearing south out of the center of town. At Warner, the route turns again, where it will run parallel to Interstate 40 for the remainder of its path through Oklahoma
10.
U.S. Route 71
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U. S. Route 71 is a north–south United States highway. This original 1926 route has remained unchanged by encroaching Interstate highways. U. S. Route 53 also ends here, on the other side of the bridge, Trans-Canada Highway 11 is an east–west route. US 71s southern terminus is between Port Barre and Krotz Springs, Louisiana at an intersection with U. S. Route 190. The southern terminus of US71 is in Louisiana, beginning between Port Barre and Krotz Springs, Louisiana, at an intersection with U. S.190. The highway follows a course through Louisiana, passing through the communities of Alexandria, Montgomery, Coushatta. From its southern terminus to Shreveport, US71 has largely superseded by Interstate 49 - which is eventually planned to roughly follow the US71 alignment as far north as Kansas City. After Shreveport, US71 follows a course, crossing into Arkansas just north of Ida. US71 travels approximately 300 miles in Arkansas, entering the state approximately 1 mile north of Ida, the route enters Arkansas near the Red River, and runs north through the communities of Doddridge and Fouke. Most motorists can now bypass US71 from Doddridge to Texarkana via Arkansas Highway 549, after approximately 30 miles of paralleling Highway 549, the route turns west, passes the historic Averitt House and enters Texarkana. Inside the loop, Highway 71 becomes East Street, passing the Texarkana Country Club, the street is four-lane undivided, passing the Bottoms House and J. K. Wadley House before meeting US 67/US82, US71 forms a short, two-block concurrency with US 67/US82 before turning north along Hazel Street. This minor city street runs northwest to intersect State Line Avenue, at this point, while on State Line Avenue, US71 intersects Loop 14 before U. S. Route 59 joins US71 at Interstate 30. From Arkansas Highway 296 north of Texarkana to the Red River, except for the northbound lanes, this section of 3.39 miles is entirely in Texas. The highways re-enter Arkansas completely at the Red River, US 59/US71 serve as an eastern terminus for Highway 380 upon entering Ogden. Although US 59/US71 bypass the community as a highway, the route formerly served Ogden as Grand Street. Further north the pass under Highway 32, which skirts the southern part of Ashdown. Serving Little Rivers county seat as Constitution Avenue, the become a five-lane road with center turn lane which passes within two blocks of the Little River County Courthouse
11.
Fort Smith National Historic Site
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Fort Smith National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located in Fort Smith, Arkansas along the Arkansas River. The park visitor center is now located in the old Barracks/Courthouse/Jail building, located on the grounds are the foundation remains of the first Fort Smith, the commissary building and a reconstruction of the gallows used by the federal court. A walking trail along the Arkansas River includes wayside exhibits on the Trail of Tears and this was also one of the areas Bonnie and Clyde stopped at and they were killed after leaving. Land on the Oklahoma bank of the Arkansas River was authorized to be included in the National Historic Site to preserve a historic viewshed, Fort Smith was also notable as a major stop along the Trail of Tears. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960, Arkansas in the American Civil War Battle of Fort Smith List of National Historic Landmarks in Arkansas National Register of Historic Places listings in Sebastian County, Arkansas Official website
12.
Arkansas Highway 59
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Arkansas Highway 59 is a north–south state highway in Northwest Arkansas. The route runs 93.24 miles from Arkansas Highway 22 in Barling north to the Missouri state line through Van Buren, Highway 59 parallels US59 between Siloam Springs and Fort Smith. The route begins in Barling at AR22, the route runs north to enter Van Buren, crossing I-540 and briefly concurring with US64. The concurrency begins near the Joseph Starr Dunham House and before crossing Interstate 40, the route exits town northbound, intersecting rural highways AR162 and AR220 in Cedarville and crossing Lee Creek on the historic Lee Creek Bridge. At this time, AR59 is running through the Boston Mountains subdivision of The Ozarks, north of Cedarville, AR59 curves west toward Oklahoma, coming within 0.1 miles of the border. Entering Washington County, the route meets Arkansas Highway 156 in Evansville, the route continues north to Dutch Mills and Summers before entering Siloam Springs. Upon entering Benton County, AR59 concurs with US412 east around the southeast edge of Siloam Springs, the concurrency ends and AR59 continues north to Gentry. AR59 passes near Kansas City-Southern Railway cars and Kansas City-Southern Depot in Decatur, the route continues north to AR72 and the Kansas City Southern Railway Caboose No.383 in Gravette. The highway runs north to Wee Pine Knot, the Adar House. AR59 meets Missouri Route 59 at the Missouri state line, when Arkansas established its first numbered state highway system in 1926, Arkansas Highway 59 was designated for a route that led from Eudora to the Louisiana state line. The South Arkansas route later became Arkansas Highway 159, and the 59 number moved to northwest Arkansas, in 1936, AR59 ran from Van Buren north to Siloam Springs. From Highway 72 at Gravette, north to the Missouri State Line, the road continues north into Missouri as Route 59. The route was widened by the AHTD in 2007 around Siloam Springs, AR59 has two special routes, both in Gentry. Arkansas Highway 59 Business is a 0. 94-mile business route in Gentry, Arkansas Highway 59 Spur is a 0. 71-mile spur route in Gentry
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Sebastian County, Arkansas
