Second law of thermodynamics
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The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions. A simple statement of the law is that heat always flows spontan
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in the traditional uniform of a student of the École Polytechnique
Rudolf Clausius
James Clerk Maxwell
Entropy production
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Entropy production is the amount of entropy which is produced during heat process to evaluate the efficiency of the process.
Rudolf Clausius
Fig. 1 General representation of an inhomogeneous system that consists of a number of subsystems. The interaction of the system with the surroundings is through exchange of heat and other forms of energy, flow of matter, and changes of shape. The internal interactions between the various subsystems are of a similar nature and lead to entropy production.
Heat engine and refrigerator 01