Second messenger system
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Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the target cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. Second messengers trigger physiol
General Schematic of Second Messenger Mechanism
Signal transduction
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Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed
Second messenger system
…cellular level such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival, apoptosis and depolarization. They are one of the triggers of intracellular signal transduction cascades. Examples of second messenger molecules include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium. First messengers…
3D medical animation still showing signal transduction
An overview of integrin-mediated signal transduction, adapted from Hehlgens et al. (2007)
Occurrence of the term "signal transduction" in MEDLINE-indexed papers since 1977