1.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
De Queen, Arkansas
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De Queen is a city and the county seat of Sevier County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 6,629 at the 2010 census, the placename is the anglicization of the family name of the Dutch merchant and railway financier, Jan de Goeijen. De Goeijen was reportedly unhappy with the deformation of his name. De Queen is located at 34°2′24″N 94°20′31″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.7 square miles, of which 5.6 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles is water. De Queen hosts a campus of the Cossatot Community College of the University of Arkansas, the college also provides non-credit coursework in adult education, GED classes, ESL training, test preparation, and computer literacy. As of the census of 2010, there were 6,629 people in De Queen,53. 5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,765 people,1,913 households, the population density was 1,024.7 people per square mile. There were 2,108 housing units at a density of 374.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 66. 40% White,6. 07% Black or African American,2. 38% Native American,0. 21% Asian,0. 10% Pacific Islander,23. 07% from other races, and 1. 77% from two or more races. 38. 59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the family size was 3.44. In the city, the population was out with 30. 3% under the age of 18,11. 7% from 18 to 24,28. 3% from 25 to 44,16. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 30 years, for every 100 females there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.2 males, for every cat, there was 1.6 dogs. The median income for a household in the city was $25,707, males had a median income of $21,542 versus $17,367 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,968, about 21. 3% of families and 26. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36. 7% of those under age 18 and 18. 5% of those age 65 or over. Wes Watkins, Oklahoma politician lived for a time in De Queen as a child, otis Wingo, member of the United States House of Representatives from Arkansass 4th congressional district, practiced law in De Queen before his congressional career. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, De Queen has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps
4.
Arkansas's 4th congressional district
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Arkansass 4th congressional district is a congressional district located in the southwestern portion of the U. S. state of Arkansas. Notable towns in the district include Camden, Hope, Hot Springs, Magnolia, Pine Bluff, the district is represented by Republican Bruce Westerman. George W. Bush received 51% of the vote in district in 2004. John McCain won the district in 2008 with 58. 14% of the vote while Barack Obama received 39. 33%, as of April 2015, there are five former members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Arkansass 4th congressional district that are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Ray Thornton on April 13,2016, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
5.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
6.
Hempstead County, Arkansas
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Hempstead County is a county located in the U. S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,609, Hempstead County is Arkansass fourth county, formed on December 15,1818, alongside Clark and Pulaski counties. The county is named for Edward Hempstead, a delegate to the U. S. Congress from the Missouri Territory and it is an alcohol prohibition or dry county. Historic Washington State Park is located in Hempstead County some nine miles northwest of Hope in the village of Washington. The state park opened in 1973 as Old Washington Historic State Park, the park offers walking tours of the historic village, which contains more than a dozen historic structures from the 19th and early 20th centuries. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 741 square miles. Hempstead County is alternately considered as part of the regions of South Arkansas or Southwest Arkansas. The population density was 32 people per square mile, there were 10,166 housing units at an average density of 14 per square mile. 8. 25% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 50% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was out with 27. 30% under the age of 18,9. 60% from 18 to 24,27. 20% from 25 to 44,21. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.70 males, the median income for a household in the county was $28,622, and the median income for a family was $34,082. Males had an income of $25,830 versus $17,383 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,103, about 16. 00% of families and 20. 30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29. 20% of those under age 18 and 16. 70% of those age 65 or over. Blevins Hope Washington Clow Spring Hill Townships in Arkansas are the divisions of a county, each township includes unincorporated areas, some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries. Arkansas townships have limited purposes in modern times, however, the United States Census does list Arkansas population based on townships. Townships are also of value for purposes in terms of genealogical research
7.
Red River of the South
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The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major tributary of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers in the southern United States of America. The river was named for the country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name. The Mexicans and Indians on the borders of Mexico are in the habit of calling any river, the Red River formed part of the US-Mexico border from the Adams-Onís Treaty until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains and it rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas and flowing into Louisiana. The total length of the river is 1,360 miles, the Red River rises near the edge of the northwestern dip slope of the Llano Estacado mesa in two forks in northern Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. The North Fork Red River meets the southern and largest fork near the Texas-Oklahoma border, the southern fork, which is about 120 miles long, is generally called the Prairie Dog Town Fork. It is formed in Randall County, Texas, near the county seat of Canyon, by the confluence of intermittent Palo Duro Creek and Tierra Blanca Creek. The Red River turns and flows southeast through Palo Duro Canyon in Palo Duro Canyon State Park at an elevation of 3,440 feet, then past Newlin, Texas, past that point, it is generally considered the main stem of the Red River. Near Denison, the exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma. The lake is fed by the Washita River from the north. After the river out of the southeastern end of the lake, it runs generally east towards Arkansas. Soon after, the river crosses south into Louisiana and its waters eventually discharge into the Atchafalaya River and flow eastward or southward into the Gulf of Mexico. In 1946, the Red River flood spilled over into Pineville because of insufficient levee height, however, the taller and stronger levee held in Alexandria. Willie E. Kees, Jr. the young newly elected mayor of Pineville, the Red Rivers watershed covers 65,590 square miles and is the southernmost major right tributary of the Mississippi, and the southernmost major river system in the Great Plains. Its drainage basin is mostly in the states of Texas and Oklahoma and its basin is characterized by flat, fertile agricultural land, with only a few major cities. The drainage basin of the Red River is very arid and receives little precipitation, as a result, much of the river above the Texas-Oklahoma border is intermittent, and until the river is past its great bend south in Arkansas, the flow varies widely
8.
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
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The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American tribe with a tribal jurisdictional area comprising twelve tribal districts. The Choctaw Nation maintains a relationship with both the United States and Oklahoma governments. As of 2011, the tribe has 223,279 enrolled members, the tribal jurisdictional area is 10,864 square miles. A total of 233,126 people live within these boundaries, the tribe has jurisdiction over its own members. The chief of the Choctaw Nation is Gary Batton, who took office on April 29,2014 after the resignation of Gregory E. Pyle, the Choctaw Nation Headquarters is located in Durant. The Choctaw Capitol Building is in Tuskahoma, it is now used as the Choctaw Museum, the Choctaw Nation is one of three federally recognized Choctaw tribes, the others are the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians and Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. The latter two bands are descendants of Choctaw who resisted the relocation to Indian Territory. The Mississippi Choctaw preserved much of their culture in small communities and those Choctaw who removed to the Indian Territory, a process that went on into the early 20th century, are federally recognized as the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. The removals became known as the Trail of Tears, the Tribal Headquarters are located in Durant. It is a complex of three buildings, and several one-story buildings. The current chief is Gary Batton and the assistant chief is Jack Austin, the Tribe is governed by the Choctaw Nation Constitution, which was ratified by the people on June 9,1984. The Constitution provides for an Executive, a Legislative and a Judicial branch of government, the Chief of the Choctaw Tribe, elected every four years, is not a voting member of the Tribal Council. They are also elected for four-year terms, the legislative authority of the Tribe is vested in the Tribal Council, which consists of twelve members. Members of the Tribal Council are elected by the Choctaw people, twelve Council members are elected, one for each of the twelve districts in the Choctaw Nation. Candidates for the Tribal Council must be at least one-fourth Choctaw Indian by blood, once elected, a Council member must remain a resident of the district from which he or she was elected during the term in office. This policy ensures the involvement and interaction of successful candidates with their constituency, once in office, the Tribal Council Members have regularly scheduled county council meetings. The presence of tribal leaders in the Indian community creates a sense of understanding of their community. The Tribal Council Members are the voice and representation of the Choctaw people in the tribal government, the Tribal Councils assists the community to implement an economic development strategy and to plan, organize, and direct Tribal resources to achieve self-sufficiency
9.
U.S. Route 59
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U. S. Route 59 is a north–south United States highway. A latecomer to the U. S. numbered route system, US59 is now a border-to-border route and it parallels U. S. Route 75 for nearly its entire route, never much more than 100 miles away, until it veers southwest in Houston, Texas. Its number is out of place since US59 is either concurrent with or entirely west of U. S. Route 71, the highways northern terminus is nine miles north of Lancaster, Minnesota, at the Canada–US border, where it continues as Manitoba Highway 59. Its southern terminus is at the Mexico–US border in Laredo, Texas, U. S. Highway 59 in the U. S. state of Texas is named the Lloyd Bentsen Highway, after Lloyd Bentsen, former U. S. In northern Houston, US59, co-signed with Interstate 69, is the Eastex Freeway. US59 actually straddles the border between Texas and Arkansas north of I-30 near Texarkana, with the east side of the highway on the Arkansas side and the west side of the highway on the Texas side. In the past, both remained on the border past I-30 as State Line Avenue to downtown Texarkana, today. Nearly 90% of this route is designated to become part of I-69 in the future, currently 75 mph speed limits are allowed on US59 in Duval County and portions of northern Polk County. From the southwestern suburbs of Houston to Downtown Houston, U. S.59 is commonly referred to as the Southwest Freeway, supporting 371,000 vehicles per day, it is one of the busiest freeways in the United States. U. S.59 is known as the Eastex Freeway in the north/northeast part of the Houston region, at the Mexico–US border, it ends at the World Trade International Bridge in Laredo, Texas. In Laredo, U. S.59 is co-signed with both Interstate 69W and Loop 20 and has an intersection with Interstate 35 which ends at the Juarez-Lincoln International Bridge. After crossing the bridge into Mexico, Interstate 35 continues as Mexican Federal Highway 85 in Nuevo Laredo which then runs through Mexico and Central America and ends in Panama at the Panama Canal. In Arkansas, US59 is concurrent with U. S. Route 71 from Interstate 30 at Texarkana to Acorn, US59 and U. S. Route 412 are co-signed for 10 miles in Delaware County, Oklahoma. US59 is co-signed with U. S. Route 270 from the Arkansas State Line to Heavener and it is also co-signed with U. S. Route 64 in Sallisaw. U. S.59 enters the state just south of Chetopa, U. S.59 runs concurrently with U. S.169 starting about four miles south of Garnett and diverges north again immediately south of Garnett. The intersection immediately south of Garnett used to be an intersection with stop. It was identified as a high location in 2001, and was rebuilt as a roundabout that opened in April 2006. The Kansas Department of Transportation is rebuilding or planning to rebuild several other rural intersections as roundabouts for increased safety
10.
McCurtain County, Oklahoma
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McCurtain County is located in the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,151 and it was formed at statehood from part of the earlier Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory. The name honors an influential Choctaw family that lived in the area, green McCurtain was the last chief when the Choctaw Nation was dissolved before Oklahoma became a state in 1907. The area now included in McCurtain County was part of the Choctaw Nation before Oklahoma became a state, in the 1820s, it was a major part of Miller County, Arkansas. The area was populated, with no roads or bridges. There were post offices established at small trading posts along the various trails, towns began to form when the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway was built across the area in 1902. Between 1910 and 1921 the Choctaw Lumber Company laid tracks for the Texas, Oklahoma and Eastern Railroad from Valliant, Oklahoma to DeQueen and these roads still served the area at the beginning of the 21st century. Initially, the county experienced difficulty functioning because of lack of funds, when the Choctaws accepted their land allotments, their homesteads were not taxable for twenty-one years. No roads were built until a decade after statehood, there were no bridges, so ferries carried people and vehicles across the major streams. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,902 square miles. It is the third-largest county in Oklahoma by area, the terrain of McCurtain county varies from the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains in the northern part of the county to the rich Red River bottoms of the southern part. Sections of the Mountain Fork and Little River drainages lie in McCurtain county, glover River originates in McCurtain County and flows 33.2 miles to its confluence with Little River southeast of Wright City. Broken Bow Lake was created in 1968 by damming the Mountain Fork River, Mountain Fork river is one of the two year round trout fisheries in the state. The lowest point in the state of Oklahoma is located on the Little River in McCurtain County, the county also contains McCurtain County Wilderness Area, a 14,087 acre tract created in 1918 and managed by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. There were 15,427 housing units at a density of 3/km². 3. 09% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,28. 6% were of American,7. 6% Irish and 5. 9% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 94. 4% spoke English,2. 9% Spanish and 2. 6% Choctaw as their first language,25. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the family size was 3.06
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Interstate 49
U.S. Highway 59
U.S. Highway 70
U.S. Highway 71
U.S. Highway 371
Highway 24
Highway 27
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Sevier County, Arkansas
