1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
3.
Mercer County, New Jersey
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Mercer County is a county located in the U. S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Trenton, the state capital, as of the 2016 Census estimate, the countys population was 371,023, making it the states 12th-most populous county, an increase of 1. The county was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22,1838, from portions of Burlington County, Hunterdon County, the old Keith Line bisects the county and is the boundary between municipalities that previously had been separated into West Jersey and East Jersey. It was named for Continental Army General Hugh Mercer, who died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Princeton on January 3,1777. The Mercer Oak, against which the dying general rested as his men continued to fight, appears on the county seal and stood for 250 years until it collapsed in 2000. Founded February 22,1838, from portions of surrounding counties, on the night of December 25–26,1776, General George Washington led American forces across the Delaware River to attack the Hessian barracks in Trenton on the morning of December 26. Following the battle, Washington crossed back to Pennsylvania and he crossed a third time in a surprise attack on the forces of General Charles Cornwallis at the Second Battle of Trenton on January 2,1777, and at the Battle of Princeton on January 3. The successful attacks built morale among the pro-independence colonists, Mercer County has the distinction of being the famed landing spot for a fictional Martian invasion of the United States. In 1938, in what has one of the most famous American radio plays of all time. His imaginary aliens first landed at what is now West Windsor Township, a commemorative monument is erected at Grovers Mill park. There were 27 Mercer County residents killed during the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks in Lower Manhattan. A 10-foot long steel beam weighing one ton was given to the county by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in March 2011 and is now displayed at Mercer County Park. According to the 2010 Census, the county had an area of 228.89 square miles. The county is flat and low-lying on the inner coastal plain with a few hills closer to the Delaware River. Baldpate Mountain, near Pennington, is the highest hill, at 480 feet above sea level, the lowest point is at sea level along the Delaware. The population density was 1,632.2 per square mile, there were 143,169 housing units at an average density of 637.6 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 09% of the population,26. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the family size was 3.16
4.
Ewing Township, New Jersey
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Ewing Township is a township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The township is within the New York metropolitan area as defined by the United States Census Bureau and it also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Federal Communications Commissions Philadelphia Designated Market Area. The earliest inhabitants of present-day Ewing Township in the era were Lenni Lenape Native Americans. Their pre-colonial subsistence activities in the area included hunting, fishing, pottery-making, europeans, mostly from the British Isles, began to colonize the area in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the earliest European settlers was William Green, and his 1717 farmhouse still stands on the campus of The College of New Jersey. The area that is now Ewing Township was part of Hopewell Township in what was a very large Burlington County at the beginning of the 18th century, in 1714 Hopewell was removed from Burlington County and added to Hunterdon County. By 1719, the area which was to become Ewing Township had been removed from Hopewell Township, the township became part of the newly created Mercer County on February 22,1838. After incorporation, Ewing Township received additional territory taken from Lawrence Township, in 1894 the city of Trenton took back some of that territory, annexing more in 1900. When Ewing Township was incorporated in the 19th century, it was farmland with a handful of scattered hamlets, including Carleton, Cross Keys, Birmingham. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the township has developed as a suburb of Trenton, the sections near the city border are distinctly urban, but most of the township is suburban residential development. The main commercial district extends along North Olden Avenue Extension, originally constructed to connect north Trenton residences with the now-closed General Motors Inland Fisher Guide Plant, from 1953 until 1997 Ewing was the home of Naval Air Warfare Center Trenton, encompassing 528 acres on Parkway Avenue. It was used as a jet engine test facility for the US Navy until its closure based on the recommendations of the 1993 Base Closure, nearly 700 civilian positions were eliminated, most of which were relocated to other facilities in Maryland and Tennessee. The bases Marine operations were transferred to Fort Dix, which has since become Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has an area of 15.599 square miles. The largest body of water completely within the township is Lake Sylva, the 11-acre lake is located on the campus of The College of New Jersey. Water courses in Ewing include the Delaware River along its western boundary, within the township are a number of distinct neighborhoods. Some of these existed before suburbanization, while others came into existence with the development of the township in the 20th century. As of the census of 2010, there were 35,790 people,13,171 households, the population density was 2,346.9 per square mile
5.
Tributary
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A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean, tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean. A confluence, where two or more bodies of water together, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches off from, distributaries are most often found in river deltas. Right tributary and left tributary are terms stating the orientation of the relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from the perspective of looking downstream, where tributaries have the same name as the river into which they feed, they are called forks. These are typically designated by compass direction, for example, the American River receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago Rivers North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork, the South Branch has its South Fork, forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here, the handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream, for instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river, the Strahler Stream Order examines the arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third, and higher orders, with the first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary, another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure, stored as a tree data structure
6.
Delaware River
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The Delaware River is a major river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its watershed drains an area of 14,119 square miles in five U. S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, not including Delaware Bay, the rivers length including its two branches is 388 miles. The Delaware River is one of nineteen Great Waters recognized by the Americas Great Waters Coalition, the Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York. The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County, the rivers East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury Delaware County. These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County and the waters flow as the Delaware River south. The river meets tide-water at the junction of Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, the rivers navigable, tidal section served as a conduit for shipping and transportation that aided the development of the industrial cities of Trenton, Camden, and Philadelphia. The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second, in 1609, the river was first visited by a Dutch East India Company expedition led by Henry Hudson. Hudson, an English navigator, was hired to find a route to Cathay. Early Dutch and Swedish settlements were established along the section of river. Both colonial powers called the river the South River, compared to the Hudson River, lord de la Warr waged a punitive campaign to subdue the Powhatan after they had killed the colonys council president, John Ratcliffe, and attacked the colonys fledgling settlements. Lord de la Warr arrived with 150 soldiers in time to prevent colonys original settlers at Jamestown from giving up, the name of barony is pronounced as in the current spelling form Delaware and is thought to derive from French de la Guerre. It has often reported that the river and bay received the name Delaware after English forces under Richard Nicolls expelled the Dutch. However, the river and bay were known by the name Delaware as early as 1641, the state of Delaware was originally part of the William Penns Pennsylvania colony. In 1682, the Duke of York granted Penns request for access to the sea and leased him the territory along the western shore of Delaware Bay which became known as the Lower Counties on the Delaware. The Delaware Rivers watershed drains an area of 14,119 square miles and encompasses 42 counties and 838 municipalities in five U. S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. This total area constitutes approximately 0. 4% of the mass in the United States. In 2001, the watershed was 18% agricultural land, 14% developed land, there are 216 tributary streams and creeks—an estimated 14,057 miles of streams and creeks—in the watershed. The waters of the Delaware Rivers basin are used to fishing, transportation, power, cooling, recreation
7.
The College of New Jersey
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The College of New Jersey, abbreviated TCNJ, is a public, coeducational university in the Trenton suburb of Ewing Township, New Jersey, United States. TCNJ was established in 1855 by an act of the New Jersey Legislature, the institution was the first normal school in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. Originally located in Trenton proper, the college was moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s, since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change to its current name from Trenton State College. TCNJ is a selective institution, with a stated mission to keep New Jerseys most talented students in-state for higher education. TCNJ aims to combine the best practices of private institutions with a mission, resulting in an innovative. The institution is organized into seven schools, all of which offer bachelors degree programs. Emphasis is placed on liberal arts education via the general education requirements. Much of TCNJ is built in Georgian colonial architecture style on 289 tree-lined acres, for the first 73 years, the school was located in Trenton on Clinton Avenue. Beginning in 1925, the institution offered its first four-year baccalaureate degrees, in 1928, a suburban tract of 210 acres was purchased in Ewing Township, New Jersey and preparations were underway to relocate the College. The first building erected on the new campus was Green Hall, the majority of buildings now on campus reflect Green Halls architecture. In 1996, in a move spearheaded by Harold Eickhoff, The College of New Jersey adopted its current name, programs in graduate study were instituted in 1947, followed by accreditation from various national associations in the 1950s. By 1972,70 percent of entering students were selecting non-education majors, according to U. S. News & World Report’s latest annual rankings, TCNJ found a place near the top of the list in Regional Universities category for the northern region of the country. The current edition ranked TCNJ as the #1 public institution in the Northeastern United States in the Best Regional Universities category, in terms of regional universities for the North, for both public and private institutions, TCNJ ranked 3rd in the current ranking. Forbes ranks TCNJ the best NJ public college, kiplinger’s ranks TCNJ #1 Best Value Public College in New Jersey that combines outstanding education with economic value. TCNJ currently is ranked as one of the “Most Competitive” institutions in the nation by Barron’s Profiles of American Colleges, according to Bloomberg Businessweek Survey of Best Undergraduate Business Schools, TCNJ School of Business is currently #1 in NJ, and #35 nationwide. Students who graduate on the top 10% of their high school class are primarily admitted, since the 1990s, incoming students are required to participate in the TCNJ First Year Experience, a large component of the liberal arts curriculum at TCNJ. Nearly two-thirds of TCNJ students who apply to school are accepted. Many top corporations also recruit TCNJ graduates, TCNJ has the highest average freshman retention rate among institutions in the northern region
8.
U.S. Route 206
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U. S. Route 206 is a 130. 23-mile-long north–south United States highway in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, United States. Only about a half a mile of its length is in Pennsylvania, the Milford-Montague Toll Bridge carries it over the Delaware River into New Jersey, where it is the remainder of the route. The highways northern terminus is near Milford, Pennsylvania at an intersection with US209, some sources and its southern terminus is in Hammonton, New Jersey at an intersection with Route 54 and US30. The route connects several cities and towns, including Bordentown, Trenton, Princeton, Somerville, Netcong, the road is known as the Disabled American Veterans Highway for much of its length. The current routing along pre-1927 Route 2 became a part of US130 in 1926. In the later 1930s, US206 was designated to connect US30 in Hammonton north to US6 and US209 in Milford, the state highways running concurrent with US206 in New Jersey were removed in 1953. In the 1960s, two freeways were proposed for US206 but never built. The first freeway was to connect Hammonton south along the Route 54 corridor toward Route 55, the other US206 freeway was planned in northwestern New Jersey, connecting I-80 in Netcong north to Montague Township. Construction has begun for a bypass of US206 around Hillsborough in 2010 after being planned since 1974, the NJDOT is currently widening the route in Byram Township to alleviate congestion, with completion in 2013. US206 begins at US30 in the town of Hammonton in Atlantic County, New Jersey, heading north-northeast on the two-lane, south of this intersection, the road continues as Route 54. From its southern terminus, US206 runs through farmland, which gives way to the heavily forested Pine Barrens. Within this area, the route continues through the Wharton State Forest, here, the road comes to the eastern terminus of CR536. US206 continues into Shamong Township, Burlington County, passing more of the Pine Barrens. In Shamong Township, the road makes a turn to the north, after running northwest, CR541 splits to the left. After this intersection, US206 heads north out of the Wharton State Forest, at the intersection with CR648, the route briefly widens into a four-lane undivided road before narrowing back to two lanes. Upon intersecting CR622, US206 enters Tabernacle Township, here, CR532 crosses the route at a signalized intersection. Following CR532, residential development increases along the route as it continues into Southampton Township, US206 becomes a three-lane road with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes as it comes to the Red Lion Circle with Route 70. Past the Red Lion Circle, the route becomes two lanes again and passes more rural surroundings with some development, US206 comes to a junction with the eastern terminus of Route 38 and the western terminus of CR530
9.
U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey
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U. S. Route 1 is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route,66.06 miles of it runs through New Jersey and it enters the state from Pennsylvania on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in the state capital of Trenton, running through the city on the Trenton Freeway. From here, US1 continues northeast as a divided highway through suburban areas continuing into Middlesex County and passing through New Brunswick. US1 merges with US9 in Woodbridge, and the two routes continue through northern New Jersey as US 1/9 to the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee, at this point, the road continues into New York City along with I-95. The current alignment of US1 between Trenton and New Brunswick was chartered as the Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike in 1803, in 1913, the Lincoln Highway across the United States was created and connected Trenton to Newark within New Jersey. The Lincoln Highway was legislated as Route 13 between Trenton and New Brunswick in 1917 and as part of Route 1 between New Brunswick and Elizabeth, later extended to Jersey City, with the creation of the U. S. In 1927, the Lincoln Highway portion of US1 became Route 27, in subsequent years, US1 was moved onto its current routing between Trenton and the George Washington Bridge. By 1969, the Trenton Freeway was extended north to Whitehead Road in Lawrence Township, when the Trenton Freeway was completed north to US1, the US1 designation was shifted to the freeway, replacing Route 174. U. S. Route 1 crosses the Delaware River into New Jersey on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge, once in Trenton, US1 becomes the Trenton Freeway and is maintained by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. US1 meets Route 29 at a diamond interchange just north of the river. It then comes to an interchange with the terminus of Route 129 as well as the western terminus of Route 33 near the Trenton Transit Center. At this point, the Trenton Freeway turns onto a depressed alignment, the route turns northeast directly over the Delaware and Raritan Canal, which still flows underneath, and has an exit for Olden Avenue. The freeway has a ramp for Mulberry Street before there is a northbound exit and southbound entrance from the median that provides access to US1 Business. Past this interchange, US1 continues into Lawrence Township, where the surroundings become more wooded as the freeway has an exit for Whitehead Road, along this stretch, the freeway closely parallels the canal, which emerges from under the freeway just north of Mulberry Street. The Trenton Freeway ends at the point US1 Business merges back into US1, here, US1 becomes a four-lane divided surface road with jughandles called the Herbert Highway that is lined with suburban businesses. Continuing northeast, the first intersection along this road is with the terminus of CR546. After this intersection, the crosses the Delaware & Raritan Canal again prior to a modified cloverleaf interchange with I-95 and I-295. Past this point, US1 widens to six lanes as it has an interchange providing access to the Quaker Bridge Mall to the east of the route, a short distance later, there is a cloverleaf interchange with CR533
