In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons are shoaling, and if the group is swimming in the same direction in a coordinated manner, they are schooling. In common usage, the terms are sometimes used rather loosely. About one quarter of fish species shoal all their lives, and about one half shoal for part of their lives.
These powder blue tangs are shoaling. They are swimming somewhat independently, but in such a way that they stay connected, forming a social group.
These bluestripe snapper are schooling. They are all swimming in the same direction in a coordinated way.
Schools of forage fish often accompany large predator fish. Here a school of jacks accompany a great barracuda.
A school of fish has many eyes that can scan for food or threats
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus
Herring spawn
Transparent eggs with the yolk and eyes visible and one larva hatched.
Freshly hatched larva in a drop of water beside a match to demonstrate how tiny it is: The black eyes and the yolk are visible.