Short division
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In arithmetic, short division is a division algorithm which breaks down a division problem into a series of easier steps. It is an abbreviated form of long division — whereby the products are omitted and the partial remainders are notated as superscripts.
An example of manual factorizing.
Arithmetic
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Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms.
Calculations in mental arithmetic are done exclusively in the mind without relying on external aids.
Abacuses are tools to perform arithmetic operations by moving beads.
Some historians interpret the Ishango bone as one of the earliest arithmetic artifacts.
Image: Vlčí radius