Simsbury, Connecticut

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Simsbury, Connecticut
Town
The Farmington River in Simsbury
The Farmington River in Simsbury
Official seal of Simsbury, Connecticut
Seal
Location in Hartford County, Connecticut
Coordinates: 41°52′14″N 72°49′31″W / 41.87056°N 72.82528°W / 41.87056; -72.82528Coordinates: 41°52′14″N 72°49′31″W / 41.87056°N 72.82528°W / 41.87056; -72.82528
Country United States
U.S. state Connecticut
CountyHartford
Metropolitan areaHartford
Settled1642
Named1670
Government
 • Type[Town Manager/Board of Selectmen]
 • First selectmanEric Wellman (D)
 • SelectmenSean P. Askham (R)
Cheryl B. Cook (R)
Michael Paine (R)
Christopher Peterson (D)
Chris M. Kelly (D)
Area
 • Total34.3 sq mi (88.8 km2)
 • Land33.9 sq mi (87.9 km2)
 • Water0.4 sq mi (1.0 km2)
Elevation
233 ft (71 m)
Population
(2010)
 • Total23,511
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
06070, 06081, 06089, 06092
Area code(s)860
FIPS code09-68940
GNIS feature ID0213506
Websitewww.simsbury-ct.gov

Simsbury is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 23,511 at the 2010 census.[1] The town was incorporated as Connecticut's 21st town in May 1670.

Simsbury was named the 4th best town in Connecticut on Connecticut Magazine's list of top places to live 2013 and 9th best town to live in 2015 in the United States by Time magazine.[2]

Simsbury boasts a highly recognized educational system. In 2016 Simsbury High School ranked 4th best high school in CT by Niche[3] and 9th by U.S. News & World Report.[4] The suburb also houses multiple private schools including the Ethel Walker School, Westminster School, The Master's School, St. Mary's Elementary School, and the Cobb Montessori School.

Simsbury built the Simsbury Meadows Performing Arts Center in 2005.

History[edit]

Early history[edit]

Further information: Massaco

At the beginning of the 17th century, the area today known as Simsbury was inhabited by indigenous peoples. The Wappinger were one of these groups, composed of eighteen bands, organized not as formally as a tribe, but more of an association, like the Delaware. These bands lived between the Hudson and Connecticut rivers. The Wappingers were one of the Algonquian peoples, a linguistic grouping which includes hundreds of tribes.[5] One of the Wappinger bands, the Massaco, lived near, but mostly west of what is now called the Farmington River, the area now known as Simsbury and Canton.[6] The river was called the Massaco by the native inhabitants. The term Massaco (pronounced Mas-saco) may refer to the indigenous peoples, the river itself, the village occupied by the indigenous peoples, and the land adjacent to the river.[7]

In 1633, Windsor was the second town in Connecticut settled by Europeans and the first English settlement (the first European settlement being Huys de Goede Hoop, established by the Dutch in the Hartford area as a frontier settlement for the New Netherland Colony ten years earlier). For some time, the area of Massaco was considered "an appendix to the towne of Windsor.[8]" Settlers in Windsor forested and farmed in the area, but did not come to Massaco permanently for a number of years. In 1642, the General Court [of the colony of Connecticut] ordered that:[9]

the Governor and Mr. Heynes shall have liberty to dispose of the ground uppon that parte of Tunxis River cauled Mossocowe, to such inhabitants of Wyndsor as they shall see cause.

Despite this order, there is no record that any settlements ensued immediately. Five years later the General Court issued another order:[10]

The Court thinks fitt that Massacoe be purchased by the Country, and that ther be a Comitte chosen to dispose of yt to such inhabitants of Wyndsor as by the shalbe judged meet to make improuement therof...

but there is no record of grants of land arising from this order.[11]

In 1643, John Griffin and Michael Humphrey started a tar and turpentine business in Windsor. A few years later, a Massaco Indian named Manahanoose started a fire which destroyed tar belonging to Griffin. The Court ordered the payment of "five hundred fathom of wampum" as compensation. Instead of cash payment, Manahanoose delivered a deed to the land at Massacoe. The deed was agreed to by Manahanoose as well as other Indians, identified as "the proprietors of Massaco".[12] In 1653, the General Court granted 50 acres (200,000 m2) of meadowland to Lieutenant Aaron Cook, 60 acres (240,000 m2) to John Bissell and 50 acres (200,000 m2) to Thomas Ford, all in Massacoe.[13]

White settlers were farming the land and harvesting tar and turpentine in the 1650s, but did not build permanent settlements until the following decade. Aaron Cook built one of the early homes in the area now known as Terry's Plain, and John Griffin built a home, possibly in 1664, the date associated with a deed to land in Massacoe.[14] The settlement of Massacoe continued in the late 1660s. The General Court awarded a land grant to John Griffin of two hundred acres in 1663. In 1664, a deed description indicated he had become a permanent inhabitant. By 1669, a survey revealed that there were thirteen permanent residents of Massacoe. One of those residents, John Case, was appointed to the position of constable.[15] This is the first recorded civil office held by residents of the area.[12]

Incorporation[edit]

In 1670, Case, along with Joshua Holcomb & Thomas Barber, presented a petition to the General Court, requesting that Massacoe become a town of the colony of Connecticut.[16] On May 12, 1670, the General Court granted the petition, and ordered that the plantation should be called "Simmsbury". The boundaries at that time were Farmington on the south and Windsor on the east, with the extent of Simsbury running 10 miles (16 km) north of Farmington and 10 miles west of Windsor, although the northern border, subject to dispute with Massachusetts, would be resolved later.[17] This extent covers what is present-day Simsbury as well as Granby and Canton.

The precise origin of the name of the town is not known for certain. The town records covering the first ten years after incorporation were accidentally burned in 1680 and 1681. One possibility is that the name of Simsbury comes from the English town of Symondsbury.[18] Holcomb, one of the petitioners, originally came from Symondsbury. Another possibility is that the name was derived from Simon Wolcott. He was known familiarly as "Sim", and he was considered one of the prominent men of the town.[16]

King Philip's War[edit]

In 1675, rumors of unrest among the indigenous peoples began to surface. The rumors proved accurate, and in the summer, King Philip's War began, a war between a number of tribes and the English settlers. The war extended through parts of four colonies, with Simsbury on the western edge of the conflict. At the time, it was seen as a frontier settlement.[19] The conflict was largely over by August 1676, although it did not formally end until a treaty was signed in 1678.

The colony formed a Council of War. In the days leading up to the war, they ordered settlers to keep night watches, and to work in the fields in armed groups of at least six.[20] By the time of the colony's General Court meeting of October 14, 1675, the situation was considered serious enough that the court ordered the residents of Simsbury to move to safety in Windsor. The order read:

This Court orders, that the people of Simsbury shall have a week's time to secure themselves and their corn there, and at the end of the week from this date, the souldiers, now in garrison at Simsbury, shall be released their attendance there.

— Colony of Connecticut General Court[21]

In March 1676, the town of Simsbury was first pillaged, then burned to the ground. This destruction is described as the most extensive of any event of any Indian War in New England.[22] The settlers remained in Windsor until the spring of 1677, at which time most moved back to Simsbury, although some never returned.[23]

Daniel Hayes[edit]

In 1707, Daniel Hayes, then aged twenty-two, was captured by the indigenous people and carried off to Canada. The capture was witnessed, and a rescue party raised, but the group did not catch up with the captors. He was tied up each night, and bound to saplings. It took thirty days to reach Canada, at which point Hayes was forced to run the gauntlet. Near the end of the gauntlet, he hid in a wigwam to avoid an attempted blow by a club. The woman in the wigwam declared that the house was sacred, and having lost a husband and son to a war, adopted Hayes as her son. He remained for several years, attending to the woman. Eventually, he was sold to a Frenchman, who learned that Hayes had skill as a weaver, so put him to work in that business. Hayes managed to earn enough to buy his freedom after two years. He then returned to Simsbury, settled down on a farm and married. He became prominent, both in civil affairs as well as the church at Salmon Brook (now Granby).[24]

First American colonies' coins[edit]

The first unauthorized coins minted in the American colonies, and the first in Connecticut, were struck by Dr. Samuel Higley in 1737 from copper mined from his own mine. The coins, including the Trader's Currency Token of the Colony of Connecticut, were minted in North Simsbury, now called Granby.[25] These coins were made of pure copper, which is very soft. Consequently, there are very few in existence today. The first coins were inscribed with a value of three pence. Later versions carried the phrase "Value me as you please."[26]

From 1750 to today[edit]

Main Street in 1921

Tuesday, December 20, 1859 was a sad day in the town's history. On Thursday, December 22, 1859, the New York Times reported that on that day the two story Patent Safety Fuse factory - located near the center of town - which made cord fast-burning fuses used for blasting, itself blew up resulting in the death of eight people, including seven women, and injured several other people including the factory owner.

Geography[edit]

Talcott Mountain ridgeline
Pinchot Sycamore

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.3 square miles (88.8 km2), of which 33.9 square miles (87.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 1.09%, is water.[1]

Simsbury lies in the northern end of the Farmington Valley. The east side of Simsbury is flanked by Talcott Mountain, part of the Metacomet Ridge, a mountainous trap rock ridgeline that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border. Notable features of the Metacomet Ridge in Simsbury include Heublein Tower, Talcott Mountain State Park, Penwood State Park, and the Tariffville Gorge of the Farmington River. The 51-mile-long (82 km) Metacomet Trail traverses the ridge. At the western foot of the mountain, near the Farmington River, grows the Pinchot Sycamore, the largest tree in Connecticut.

Simsbury is roughly equidistant from both New York City (around 90 miles SW) and Boston, Massachusetts (around 90 miles ENE). The town is often considered a bedroom community for the nearby city of Hartford, Connecticut, a 35 to 40 minute drive from Simsbury Center, however many residents also commute to other towns and cities within the west-central Connecticut region.

Principal communities[edit]

There are four census-designated places in Simsbury: Simsbury Center, Tariffville, Weatogue, and West Simsbury.

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Simsbury, Connecticut
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 72
(22) 		73
(23) 		89
(32) 		96
(36) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		102
(39) 		102
(39) 		101
(38) 		91
(33) 		83
(28) 		76
(24) 		102
(39)
Average high °F (°C) 34
(1) 		39
(4) 		48
(9) 		61
(16) 		71
(22) 		80
(27) 		85
(29) 		83
(28) 		75
(24) 		63
(17) 		52
(11) 		40
(4) 		61
(16)
Average low °F (°C) 18
(−8) 		21
(−6) 		28
(−2) 		38
(3) 		48
(9) 		57
(14) 		63
(17) 		61
(16) 		53
(12) 		41
(5) 		33
(1) 		23
(−5) 		40
(5)
Record low °F (°C) −26
(−32) 		−24
(−31) 		−8
(−22) 		9
(−13) 		28
(−2) 		37
(3) 		44
(7) 		36
(2) 		27
(−3) 		17
(−8) 		1
(−17) 		−18
(−28) 		−26
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.23
(82) 		3.00
(76.2) 		3.62
(91.9) 		3.72
(94.5) 		4.35
(110.5) 		4.35
(110.5) 		4.18
(106.2) 		3.93
(99.8) 		3.88
(98.6) 		4.37
(111) 		3.89
(98.8) 		3.44
(87.4) 		45.96
(1,167.4)
Source: [27]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18201,875—
18502,737—
18602,410−11.9%
18702,051−14.9%
18801,830−10.8%
18901,8742.4%
19002,09411.7%
19102,53721.2%
19202,95816.6%
19303,62522.5%
19403,9418.7%
19504,82222.4%
196010,138110.2%
197017,47572.4%
198021,16121.1%
199022,0234.1%
200023,2345.5%
201023,5111.2%
Est. 201423,975[28]2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[29]
See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income
A. E. Lathrop's Drug Store, about 1905

As of the census[30] of 2000, there were 23,234 people, 8,527 households, and 6,591 families residing in the town. The population density was 685.7 people per square mile (264.8/km²). There were 8,739 housing units at an average density of 257.9 per square mile (99.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.3% White, 1.17% African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.12% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.03% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.54% of the population. The ethnic make-up of the town in terms of percentage of total residents (the five most common, ordered from most-reported to least) is Irish (23.0%), English (17.4%), German (15.6%), Italian (13.7%), and Polish (7.6%).[31]

There were 8,527 households out of which 41.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.1% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town, the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $120,432, and the median income for a family was $155,769 (as of a 2011 estimate[32]). Males had a median income of $89,519 versus $42,136 for females. The per capita income for the town was $54,711. About 1.0% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy[edit]

Top employers[edit]

According to Simsbury's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[33] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Simsbury Board of Education 643
2 The New McLean 450
3 Chubb 417
4 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace and Defense 226
5 Hoffman Auto Group 197
6 Super Stop & Shop 164
7 Town of Simsbury 157
8 Mitchell Auto Group 102
9 Hopmeadow Country Club 100

Landmarks[edit]

International Skating Center of Connecticut
  • The Ethel Walker School, Master's School, St. Mary's School, and Westminster School are private schools in Simsbury.
  • The International Skating Center of Connecticut
  • Three of the four state parks in Hartford County, Penwood State Park, Stratton Brook State Park, and Talcott Mountain State Park, are in town.
  • Simsbury Airport is a public use airport located in Simsbury and East Granby.
  • Ensign-Bickford Industries, founded in Simsbury in 1836, is still headquartered in town.
  • The Pinchot Sycamore, an American sycamore located in town, is the largest tree in Connecticut. According to a measurement made in 1998, the tree was 26 feet (7.9 m) around and 95 feet (29 m) tall, with an average canopy diameter of 140 feet (43 m).

On the National Register of Historic Places[edit]

Drake Hill Road Bridge (1892)
Eno Memorial Hall
John Humphrey House
Simsbury Townhouse
  • Drake Hill Road Bridge—Drake Hill Rd. at Farmington River (added August 19, 1984). The Drake Hill Bridge is a pin-connected Parker truss, built in 1892 over the Farmington River. The bridge has a 12-foot (3.7 m) roadway and a span of 183 feet (56 m). It originally carried vehicle traffic but now is open for foot and bicycle traffic. This bridge is one of only three surviving Parker trusses in Connecticut.[34]
  • East Weatogue Historic District—Roughly, properties on East Weatogue St. from just north of Riverside Dr. to Hartford Rd., and Folly Farm property to south (added 1990)
  • Heublein Tower—Talcott Mountain State Park (added 1983)
  • John Humphrey House—115 E. Weatogue St. (added 1990) The John Humphrey House is a Colonial two-story frame house, built approximately 1760. The estimate of the building date comes partially from land records, and partially from the location of the bake oven in the kitchen.[35]
  • Massaco Forest Pavilion—Off Farms Village Rd., Stratton Brook State Park (added 1986)
  • Simsbury Center Historic District—Roughly, Hopmeadow St. from West St. to Massaco St. (added 1996)
    • Amos Eno House—Off U. S. 202 on Hopmeadow Rd. (added 1975). Also known as the Simsbury House or the 1820 House, this house was built by Elisha Phelps but named after Amos Eno, who used it as a summer residence for many years.
    • Eno Memorial Hall—754 Hopmeadow St. (added 1993)
    • Horace Belden School (now the Town Hall/Police Station) and Central Grammar School—933 Hopmeadow St. and 29 Massaco St. (added 1993)
    • Robert and Julia Darling House—720 Hopmeadow St. (added 1991)
    • Capt. Elisha Phelps House (also known as "Phelps Tavern Museum & Homestead")—800 Hopmeadow St., a 1771 house used as a tavern from 1786 to 1849 (added 1972)
    • Simsbury Bank and Trust Company Building—760–762 Hopmeadow St. (added 1986)
    • Simsbury Railroad Depot—Railroad Ave. at Station St. (added 1976)
    • Simsbury Townhouse—695 Hopmeadow St. (added 1993) The Simsbury Townhouse was the original town hall for the town of Simsbury, used as a town hall for almost 100 years. It was originally built in 1839, at the top of the hill near its present location, and moved, possibly in 1843, and finally in 1869. The wooden structure was constructed in the Greek Revival style.[36]
  • Tariffville Historic District—Roughly bounded by Winthrop St., Main St., Tunxis Rd., Mountain Rd., and Elm St. (added 1993)
  • Terry's Plain Historic District—Roughly bounded by Pharos, Quarry and Terry's Plain Rds. and the Farmington R. (added 1993)

Emergency services[edit]

Law enforcement is provided by the Simsbury Police Department.

Fire protection is provided by the Simsbury Volunteer Fire Company. The company has six stations located throughout the town and a dispatch center housed at the Main Station. The company has seven engines, two aerials, two rescues, a tanker, two marine units, a hazmat unit, a brush truck, a special command vehicle and several utility vehicles. In addition to fire suppression and vehicle extrication, the fire company provides high-angle, confined-space and ice rescue services, and is a member of the Capital Region HazMat Response Team.

Emergency medical services are provided by the Simsbury Volunteer Ambulance Association. The association has a primary ambulance staffed twenty-four hours a day by volunteer EMTs. A secondary ambulance is staffed with paid personnel during peak hours and can be staffed by off-duty personnel for calls when the primary ambulance is out. SVAA also has a paramedic response unit staffed around the clock by a career paramedic, providing the residents of Simsbury with the highest level of emergency medical care. The organization has 8 paramedics and 43 active EMTs. In addition to being the primary EMS responder in town, SVAA also does stand-bys at public events and holds first aid/CPR courses throughout the year, as well as an annual EMT-Basic course.

Simsbury Public Library[edit]

Simsbury Public Library

The Simsbury Public Library serves more than 800 residents daily, and offers many programs and services including homebound delivery, public computers, a museum pass program, a Business Resource Center, and 24/7 reference assistance.

The library can trace its history back to 1872 as the town's Social and Literary Club. In 1890 the town built a library as part of the town's center, which operated until the present library was constructed nearby in 1985. The library held a grand opening to celebrate the renovated library in June 2008.[37]

In the year ending June 30, 2006, the library maintained a collection of 163,000 print, audio, and video items, offered the contents of 40 databases, circulated 436,000 items, answered 57,000 requests for information, and offered 756 programs to its various constituencies.[38]

In 2002, under the leadership of Director Susan Bullock, the Simsbury Public Library ranked among the top five of Connecticut's public libraries and the top 100 in the country (out of 9,000) according to Hennen's American Public Library Ratings.

In 2008 the Simsbury Public Library expanded with a new addition.

Schools[edit]

Public high schools[edit]

Private high schools[edit]

  • Ethel Walker School (students: 252; location: 230 Bushy Hill Road; grades: 7 – 12; Girls only)
  • The Master's School (students: 400; location: 36 Westledge Road; grades PK – 12)
  • Westminster School (students: 353; location: 995 Hopmeadow Street; grades: 9 – 12)

Public primary/middle schools[edit]

  • Central School (students: 479; location: 29 Massaco St.; grades: PK – 6)
  • Henry James Memorial School (students: 840; location: 155 Firetown Rd.; grades: 7 – 8)
  • Homebound (location: 933 Hopmeadow Street; grades: PK – 12)
  • Latimer Lane School (students: 623; location: 33 Mountain View Rd.; grades: KG – 6)
  • Squadron Line School (students: 849; location: 44 Squadron Line Rd.; grades: KG – 6)
  • Tariffville School (students: 280; location: 42 Winthrop St.; grades: KG – 6)
  • Tootin' Hills School (students: 537; location: 25 Nimrod Rd.; grades: KG – 6)

Private primary/middle schools[edit]

  • The Cobb School Montessori (students: 145; location: 112 Sand Hill Rd.; grades: PK – 5)
  • St. Mary's School (students: 264; location: 946 Hopmeadow Street; grades: K – 8)

Notable people[edit]

Skaters[edit]

Sasha Cohen
  • Shizuka Arakawa (荒川 静香) (born 1981), Japanese figure skater; won the gold medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics; has trained at the International Skating Center of Connecticut in town
  • Oksana Baiul (born 1977), 1994 Olympic champion; lived and trained in Simsbury after winning her title[39]
  • Sasha Cohen (born 1984), 2006 U.S. National Champion figure skater and silver medalist at the 2006 Olympics; trained in Simsbury with Russian coach Tatiana Tarasova, starting in summer 2002
  • Ekaterina Gordeeva (born 1971), winner of two Olympic gold medals (1988 and 1994); moved to Simsbury in the 1990s[39]
  • Michelle Kwan (born 1980), Olympic figure skater; has trained at the International Skating Center of Connecticut
  • Viktor Petrenko (born 1969), 1992 Olympic champion; trained in Simsbury beginning in 1994[39]
  • Alexei Yagudin (born 1980), 2002 Olympic champion and four time world champion; lived and trained in Simsbury from 1998 to 2005 with Tatiana Tarasova

Others[edit]

In popular culture[edit]

Sister cities[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Simsbury town, Hartford County, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  2. ^ "Best Places to Live 2015: Simsbury, Connecticut". Money.
  3. ^ "2018 Best Public High Schools in Connecticut". Niche.
  4. ^ "Simsbury High school". U.S. World and News Report. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Trelease, p. 4–9.
  6. ^ "New York Indian Tribes". Access Genealogy.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  7. ^ "Phelps Family History in America". Phelps Family History. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  8. ^ Connecticut 1852, p. 97.
  9. ^ Connecticut 1850, p. 71.
  10. ^ Connecticut 1850, p. 161.
  11. ^ Phelps, p. 10.
  12. ^ a b Trumbull, p. 342.
  13. ^ Connecticut 1850, p. 247.
  14. ^ Phelps, p. 12.
  15. ^ Connecticut 1852, p. 118.
  16. ^ a b Trumbull, p. 343.
  17. ^ Connecticut 1852, p. 127.
  18. ^ Fry, CR. "Simsbury, USA, and Symondsbury, Dorset: Holcomb and Wolcott Connections? The Greenwood Tree. Vol.32, No.3, 2007
  19. ^ Phelps, p. 21.
  20. ^ Phelps, p. 20.
  21. ^ Connecticut 1852, p. 269.
  22. ^ Phelps, p. 24.
  23. ^ Phelps, p. 25.
  24. ^ Phelps, p. 37–44.
  25. ^ Connecticut: A Guide to Its Roads, Lore and People. US History Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-60354-007-0. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
  26. ^ American Numismatic Society (1897). Proceedings of the American Numismatic and Archeological Society. p. 16. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  27. ^ "Monthly Averages for Simsbury, CT (06070)". Weather.com. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  28. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  29. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  30. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  31. ^ "Simsbury, Connecticut". City-Data. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  32. ^ "American FactFinder - Results". factfinder.census.gov.
  33. ^ "Town of Simsbury CAFR" (PDF).
  34. ^ "Drake Hill Road Bridge". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  35. ^ "John Humphrey House". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  36. ^ "Simsbury Townhouse". National Register of Historic Places. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
  37. ^ "2007–2008 Annual Report" (PDF). 2007–2008 Annual Report. p. 13. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  38. ^ Town of Simsbury, Annual Report 2005–2006. Simsbury, CT: May 2007.
  39. ^ a b c Rabinovitz, Jonathan (February 2, 1997). "When Olympic Champions Moved In, They Put Simsbury on the World Map". The New York Times. Simsbury, Connecticut. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  40. ^ "BARBER, Levi (1777 - 1833)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  41. ^ James, Edward T., et al. Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, vol. 2, p. 86.
  42. ^ The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. p. 11. Edited by Clayborne Carson, 1998.
  43. ^ "McLEAN, George Payne (1857 - 1932)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  44. ^ "PHELPS, Elisha (1779 - 1847)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  45. ^ "* Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot". National Governors Association. Retrieved January 24, 2013.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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