1.
Tribeca Film Festival
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The mission of the festival is to enable the international film community and the general public to experience the power of film by redefining the film festival experience. The Tribeca Film Festival was founded to celebrate New York City as a filmmaking center. In 2006 and 2007, the Festival received over 8600 film submissions, the Festivals program line-up includes a variety of independent films including documentaries, narrative features and shorts, as well as a program of family-friendly films. The Festival also features panel discussions with personalities in the entertainment world, past artists of the Artists Awards program have included Chuck Close, Alex Katz, and Julian Schnabel. The festival now draws an estimated three million people—including often-elusive celebrities from the worlds of art, film, and music—and generates $600 million annually, the inaugural festival launched after 120 days of planning with the help of more than 1,300 volunteers. It was attended by more than 150,000 people and featured several up-and-coming filmmakers, the 2003 festival brought more than 300,000 people. It became one of the venues of the festival, in an effort to serve its mission of bringing independent film to the widest possible audience, in 2006, the Festival expanded its reach in New York City and internationally. In New York City, Tribeca hosted screenings throughout Manhattan as the Festivals 1, internationally, the Festival brought films to the Rome Film Fest. As part of the celebrations in Rome, Tribeca was awarded the first ever Steps and Stars award, presented on the Spanish Steps. A total of 169 feature films and 99 shorts were selected from 4,100 film submissions, the festival featured 90 world premieres, nine international premieres,31 North American premieres,6 U. S. premieres, and 28 New York City premieres. In 2009, Rosenthal, Hatkoff and De Niro were named number 14 on Barrons list of the worlds top 25 philanthropists for their role in regenerating TriBeCas economy after September 11, as of 2010, the festival is run as a business by Tribeca Enterprises. Andrew Essex has been the CEO of Tribeca Enterprises since January,2016, in 2011, L. A. Noire became the first video game to be recognized by the Tribeca Film Festival. com,02.23.2013
Tribeca Film Festival
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New York Governor
David Paterson opens the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival
Tribeca Film Festival
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Tribeca Film Festival
Tribeca Film Festival
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Festival founders
Jane Rosenthal and
Robert De Niro.
Tribeca Film Festival
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The marquee of Tribeca Cinemas
2.
Quitman, Texas
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Quitman is a city in Wood County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,809 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Wood County. It is most notable for being the birthplace of Academy Award-winning actress Sissy Spacek, established in 1850, the citys slogan is Come Grow With Us. Quitman is located at 32°47′46″N 95°26′40″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles, all land. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Quitman has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2010, there were 1809 people,775 households, the population density was 1,103.5 people per square mile. There were 874 housing units at a density of 475.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 90. 05% White,6. 40% African American,0. 39% Native American,0. 49% Asian,1. 63% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 30% of the population. 32. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 23. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.91. In the city, the population was out with 22. 1% under the age of 18,6. 0% from 18 to 24,24. 2% from 25 to 44,18. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.4 males, the median income for a household in the city was $31,607, and the median income for a family was $39,643. Males had an income of $28,929 versus $25,060 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,831, about 9. 2% of families and 11. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 6% of those under age 18 and 12. 8% of those age 65 or over. The City of Quitman is served by the Quitman Independent School District, recently, the school has produced a state championship in golf, UIL News Writing, Powerlifting, and received First Runner-Up at the 2011 State UIL One Act Play contest. The Quitman Public Library is located at 202 East Goode Street one block east of the Wood County Courthouse, the library was formed in 1975 when a group of caring citizens gathered to study the need for a public library that would serve the City of Quitman and surrounding community. The Quitman City Council chartered the library in 1975, the library’s first building was in a frame house offered by the Liles family located at the corner of Main and Lane Streets near the courthouse square. In August 1980, a drive began to purchase a larger building to house the many books that had been collected from donations
Quitman, Texas
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Quitman Town Square
3.
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio is a membership organization for professional actors, theatre directors and playwrights at 432 West 44th Street in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded October 5,1947, by Elia Kazan, [[Cheryl Crawford, lee Strasberg joined later and took the helm in 1951 until his death on February 17,1982. It is currently run by Al Pacino, Ellen Burstyn, the Studio is best known for its work refining and teaching method acting. The approach was developed by the Group Theatre in the 1930s based on the innovations of Konstantin Stanislavski. While at the Studio, actors work together to develop their skills in an environment where they can take risks as performers without the pressure of commercial roles. After an initial meeting held on October 5,1947, at the Labor Stage, before settling in its current location in 1955, the Studio moved regularly over an eight-year period, In January 1948, it was a dance studio on East 59th Street. In April of that year, a move to the CBS Building at 1697 Broadway, near 53rd Street, established some semblance of stability and this it did at the Malin Studios at 1545 Broadway, room 610. This arrangement would persist throughout the 1954-1955 theatrical season, even as the Studio was acquiring and renovating its current venue, in 1955 it moved to its current location in the former Seventh Associate Presbyterian Church, built in 1859. From September 1994 through May 2005, the Studio collaborated with The New School in the education of masters-level theatre students at the Actors Studio Drama School, after ending its contact with the New School, the Actors Studio established The Actors Studio Drama School at Pace University in 2006. ISBN 0-02-542650-8 Foster Hirsch, A Method to their Madness, The History of the Actors Studio, New York, WW Norton & Co Inc,1984. ISBN 0-393-01783-4 Shelly Frome, The Actors Studio, a History, david Garfield research files on the Actors Studio, 1947-2003, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Actors Studio
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The Actors Studio building on West 44th Street in Manhattan, a converted church
4.
Jack Fisk
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Jack Fisk is an American film production designer, art director and film director. Fisk was art director on Brian De Palmas Carrie, in which his wife Sissy Spacek played the title role and he frequently collaborates with directors Terrence Malick and David Lynch. His production design and art director credits include all six of Malicks feature films and Lynchs The Straight Story and he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction for Paul Thomas Andersons There Will Be Blood. He received his second Academy Award nomination for the film The Revenant at the 88th Academy Awards, Fisk appeared in Lynchs Eraserhead as the Man in the Planet, and the films credits give special thanks to him and to Sissy Spacek. Fisk met his wife, Spacek, when working on Terrence Malicks 1973 movie Badlands, in which she portrayed the aloof, the couple married on April 12,1974. They had two daughters, Schuyler Fisk, also an actress, and Madison Fisk, a painter, jack Fisk at the Internet Movie Database Eraserhead Interview
Jack Fisk
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Fisk with
Schuyler Fisk and Madison Fisk at a ceremony for
Sissy Spacek to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in August 2011
5.
Schuyler Fisk
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Schuyler Elizabeth Fisk is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Fisk was born in Los Angeles, California, to actress Sissy Spacek and she also has a younger sister named Madison. Fisk began acting in plays as a child and eventually progressed to film. Her first acting role was as a bumblebee in a community production of Charlottes Web. She played her first lead role, as the character in Annie. She married Chapman Bullock on May 26,2012, Fisk made her film debut in 1995 as Kristy Thomas in The Baby-Sitters Club. Her next appearance came in the 2000 film Snow Day as Lane Leonard and she is perhaps most well known for her supporting role as Ashley in the 2002 teen comedy Orange County, starring opposite Colin Hanks and Jack Black. She played the overbearing and protective sister in the 2011 film Restless, Fisk plays the guitar, which she learned from her mother, and sang in various musicals as a child. She began writing and playing her own songs at age 15 and, in 2004, in 2006, she put her acting career on hold in favor of honing her skills as a musician and recorded a demo with Joshua Radin, with whom she toured for two years. In early 2006 the duo wrote a song entitled Paperweight, Radin introduced Fisk to Zach Braff, who in turn used the duet on the soundtrack of his film The Last Kiss, the song was also included on the Dear John soundtrack. In 2008, Fisk amicably left Universal, plans to release an EP were scrapped in favor of releasing a full-length album, which was released digitally on January 27,2009, as a download at several online retailers. As of the week of February 4,2009, Fisks debut album The Good Stuff, on Amazon, Fisks album ranked #17 on the Folk chart in MP3 albums. The album was received by various media outlets, including the New York Times. She then toured with Ben Taylor, on March 1,2011, Fisk released her second album Blue Ribbon Winner, then toured alongside the band Harper Blynn. In November 2011, Fisk released a Christmas EP titled Sounds of the Holiday on iTunes, tracks included old classics such as Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas, Rockin Around the Christmas Tree, and Silver Bells, as well as original Christmas music. Fisks band FM Radio debuted an album titled Out of the Blue in April 2012 and she graduated from the College of Arts & Sciences at the University of Virginia in 2006. Studio Albums Blue Ribbon Winner The Good Stuff 1, the Last Day of Our Lives EPs Sounds of the Holiday One World. Songs for Now Singles Love Somebody
Schuyler Fisk
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Schuyler Fisk at the Record Bar in Kansas City, MO, in February 2009
Schuyler Fisk
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Fisk with
Jack and Madison Fisk at a ceremony for
Sissy Spacek to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in August 2011
6.
Rip Torn
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Elmore Rual Torn Jr. known within his family and professionally as Rip Torn, is an American actor, voice artist, and comedian. Torn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his part as Marsh Turner in Cross Creek and his work includes the role of Artie the producer on The Larry Sanders Show, for which he was nominated for six Emmy Awards, winning in 1996. Torn also won an American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Male in a Series, and two CableACE Awards for his work on the show, and was nominated for a Satellite Award in 1997 as well. Torn was born Elmore Rual Torn Jr. in Temple, Texas, on February 6,1931, the son of Elmore Rual Torn Sr. an agriculturalist and economist, the family is of German, Austrian, and Czech/Moravian ancestry. The nickname Rip is a tradition in the Torn family. Torn was a member of the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets, although he graduated from the University of Texas, after graduation, he served in the Military Police in the United States Army. At the University of Texas, Torn studied drama with Ben Iden Payne, while in New York, Torn introduced his cousin Sissy Spacek to the entertainment business, and helped her enroll in the Actors Studio. One of Torns earliest roles was in Pork Chop Hill, portraying the brother-in-law of Gregory Pecks character and he also had an uncredited role in A Face in the Crowd as Barry Mills. In 1957, Torn portrayed Jody in an episode of The Restless Gun. In 1964, Torn appeared as Eddie Sanderson in the episode The Secret in the Stone in The Eleventh Hour, in 1965, in the film The Cincinnati Kid, he played Slade, a corrupt New Orleans millionaire who pressures Steve McQueen during a high-stakes poker game. On television that year, Torn portrayed Colonel Royce in the episode The Lorelei of 12 O-Clock High, since then, he has been a character actor in numerous films. Jack Nicholson played Hanson instead in a career-launching performance, in 1972, Torn won rave reviews for his portrayal of a country & western singer in the cult film Payday. He co-starred with singer David Bowie in a 1975 science-fiction film, Torn received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his role in 1983s Cross Creek as a poor neighbor of Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings in the orange groves of Florida. He portrayed a Southern senator in 1979s The Seduction of Joe Tynan, opposite Alan Alda and Meryl Streep, in 1982, Torn played a role as a holy man in the sword-and-sorcery movie The Beastmaster. A comedy with Bette Midler, and appeared as an executive in Airplane II. He co-starred with John Candy as a man who helps a tourist win a race in the 1985 comedy Summer Rental. In 1988, he ventured into directing with The Telephone, the screenplay was written by Terry Southern and Harry Nilsson and the film was produced by their company Hawkeye. The story, which focused on an unhinged, out-of-work actor, had written with Robin Williams in mind
Rip Torn
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Torn at the 47th
Emmy Awards in 1994
Rip Torn
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Torn in 1993
7.
Badlands (film)
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Badlands is a 1973 American crime film written and directed by Terrence Malick, starring Martin Sheen and Sissy Spacek, and featuring Warren Oates and Ramon Bieri. Badlands is set in 1959 and is narrated by the impressionable 15-year-old Holly Sargis and she lives with her sign painter father, although their relationship has been strained since her mother died of pneumonia some years earlier. One day Holly meets the 25-year-old garbage collector Kit Carruthers, Kit is a young, troubled greaser, who resembles James Dean, an actor Holly admires. Kit charms Holly, and she falls in love with him. Hollys narration, describing her adventures with Kit in romantic clichés, is juxtaposed with the revelations of Kits increasingly antisocial. Hollys father disapproves of Holly and Kits relationship, and shoots her dog as a punishment for spending time with him, Kit then comes to Hollys house and shoots her father dead. The couple fakes suicide by burning down the house and go on the run together, Kit and Holly build a treehouse in a remote area and live there happily for a time, fishing and stealing chickens for food, but are eventually discovered by bounty hunters. Kit shoots the three bounty hunters dead, and the couple flees and they next seek shelter with Kits friend Cato, but when Cato attempts to deceive them and go for help, Kit shoots him, he also shoots a teenage couple who arrives to visit Cato shortly thereafter. Kit and Holly are hunted across the Midwest by law enforcement and they stop at a rich mans mansion and take supplies, clothing, and his Cadillac, but spare the lives of the man and his housemaid. As the fugitives head across Montana to Saskatchewan, the police find, Holly, who is tired of life on the run and of her relationship with Kit, refuses to go with him and turns herself in. Kit leads the police on a car chase but is soon caught and they admire him and engage with him as he is sitting in their custody, asking him questions and cracking jokes. Kit is later executed for his crimes, while Holly receives probation, in 1970, Malick, at age 27, began working on the screenplay during a road trip. I wrote and, at the time, developed a kind of sales kit with slides and video tape of actors, all with a view to presenting investors with something that would look ready to shoot. To my surprise, they didnt pay too much attention to it, I raised about half the money and executive producer Edward Pressman the other half. Malick paid $25,000 of his own funds, the remainder of his share was raised from professionals such as doctors and dentists. Badlands was the first feature film that Malick had written for himself to direct, principal photography took place in the summer of 1972, beginning in July, with a non-union crew and a low budget of $300,000. The film had a troubled production history, several members of the crew clashed with Malick. The Frank G. Bloom House in Trinidad, Colorado was used for the mans house where Kit
Badlands (film)
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Badlands promotional poster
8.
Carrie White
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Carrietta N. Carrie White is the title character and protagonist of Stephen Kings novel Carrie. At the age of seventeen, she has her first menstrual period in the showers at school, Carrie White is blonde-haired with brown eyes, full-figured, has acne, and is considered unattractive, though she is described as having been very pretty as a little girl. Carrie is shy, lonely, and isolated and she is bullied severely at school. Carrie is born with telekinetic powers, as a baby, she had closed a window and had dangled her own bottle above her crib. Carries mother caught her chatting with her neighbor, and dragged Carrie into the house, the chunks of ice were followed by a shower of rocks that plummeted onto the property, damaging it heavily while a table was almost sent toppling through the window. After the incident, Carries powers became dormant and her memories of them faded, Carrie has her first menstrual period in the shower of the school gym after a physical education class. The other girls in the room, led by school bully Chris Hargensen, taunt her and pelt menstrual products at her. Teacher Rita Desjardin gives Chris and her gang a week of detention in the gym as punishment, Chris skips the detention and is barred from the prom. Now aware of her powers, Carrie begins to practice her telekinetic strength and energy. Sue Snell starts to feel guilty about teasing Carrie, and talks her boyfriend, Tommy Ross and he balks at first, but does it to please Sue. When he asks Carrie to the prom, she says yes, nervous. Margaret attempts to stop her going, but Carrie insists on trying to fit in. A talented seamstress, she makes her own dress, and is described as being beautiful as Tommy escorts her to the prom, at the dance, she gradually comes out of her shell, and even makes jokes while she converses with other promgoers. As she is accepted by the crowd, she begins to enjoy herself for once, Carrie and Tommy are even elected the proms king and queen after Tina Blake and Norma Watson stuff the voting box at Chris request. As she ascends the stage to take her crown, however, Carrie runs out of the gym as everyone begins laughing at her. She flies into a rage and she uses her powers to destroy the school, walking home, she cuts a huge swath of destruction and death through the town. She stops to pray at a cathedral, all the while manipulating a series of lines outside. Sue rushes to the school and sees it explode, destroying a portion of the town, Carrie then returns home, intending to kill her mother
Carrie White
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Spacek as Carrie White in the 1976 film adaptation.
Carrie White
Carrie White
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Sissy Spacek (shown here in 2011) portrayed Carrie White in the 1976 film.
Carrie White
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Linzi Hateley as Carrie, with Betty Buckley as Margaret White
9.
Brian De Palma
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Brian Russell De Palma is an American film director and screenwriter. He is considered part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, in a career spanning over 40 years, he is best known for his suspense, psychological thriller, and crime films. De Palma, who is of Italian ancestry, is the youngest of three boys and was born in Newark, New Jersey to Vivienne and Anthony Federico De Palma, an orthopedic surgeon. He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire, and attended various Protestant and Quaker schools, when he was in high school, he built computers. He won a regional science-fair prize for a project titled An Analog Computer to Solve Differential Equations, enrolled at Columbia as a physics student, De Palma became enraptured with the filmmaking process after viewing Citizen Kane and Vertigo. An early association with a young Robert De Niro resulted in The Wedding Party, De Niro was unknown at the time, the credits mistakenly display his name as Robert Denero. The film is noteworthy for its invocation of silent film techniques, De Palma followed this style with various small films for the NAACP and The Treasury Department. In an interview with Gelmis from 1969, De Palma described the film as very good and its distributed by Pathe Contemporary and makes lots of money. I shot it in four hours, with synched sound, I had two other guys shooting peoples reactions to the paintings, and the paintings themselves. Dionysus in 69 was De Palmas other major documentary from this period, the film records The Performance Groups performance of Euripides The Bacchae, starring, amongst others, De Palma regular William Finley. The play is noted for breaking traditional barriers between performers and audience, the films most striking quality is its extensive use of the split-screen. De Palma recalls that he was floored by this performance upon first sight, and in 1973 recounts how he began to try and figure out a way to capture it on film. I came up with the idea of split-screen, to be able to show the actual audience involvement, to trace the life of the audience, De Palmas most significant features from this decade are Greetings and Hi, Mom. Both films star Robert De Niro and espouse a Leftist revolutionary viewpoint common to their era, Greetings was entered into the 19th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won a Silver Bear award. His other major film from this period is the slasher comedy Murder a la Mod, Greetings is about three New Yorkers dealing with the draft. The film is considered the first to deal explicitly with the draft. The film is noteworthy for its use of experimental techniques to convey its narrative in ultimately unconventional ways. Footage was sped up, rapid cutting was used to distance the audience from the narrative, Greetings ultimately grossed over $1 million at the box office and cemented De Palmas position as a bankable filmmaker
Brian De Palma
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Brian De Palma, 2007
Brian De Palma
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De Palma at the
2009 Toronto International Film Festival
10.
Carrie (1976 film)
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Carrie is a 1976 American supernatural horror film based on Stephen Kings 1974 epistolary novel of the same name. The film was directed by Brian De Palma and produced by Paul Monash, the film received two Academy Award nominations, one for Sissy Spacek in the title role and one for Piper Laurie as her abusive mother. The film featured numerous young actors – including Nancy Allen, William Katt, Amy Irving and it also relaunched the screen and television career of Laurie, who had not been active in show business since 1961. Carrie was the first of more than 100 film and television productions adapted from, or based on, shy, bullied high school student Carrie White experiences her first period as she showers with other girls after gym class. Unaware of what is happening to her, she panics and pleads for help, the other girls respond by pelting her with tampons, laughing and chanting Plug it up. Gym teacher Miss Collins breaks up the commotion and attempts to console Carrie, a light bulb mysteriously breaks as Carrie reaches the height of her panic. Later, the school principal seems uncomfortable as Miss Collins expresses bewilderment that Carrie is so uninformed, on her way home, a young boy teases Carrie, and she makes him fall off his bicycle with just a look. At home, Carrie is abused by her religious mother, Margaret. Carrie is locked in a closet and forced to pray for forgiveness. When she is allowed to return to her room, she gazes into her reflection. Carries classmate Sue feels guilty, so she arranges for her boyfriend, handsome and popular Tommy, reluctant at first, Carrie accepts after encouragement from Miss Collins. Another classmate, Chris, throws a tantrum and skips her detention for bullying Carrie, swearing vengeance, she recruits her delinquent boyfriend Billy to play a prank on Carrie. They slaughter pigs from a farm and place a bucket of their blood above the stage at the school’s gymnasium. Margaret discovers Carries prom plans and attempts to abuse her again, having researched her telekinesis, Carrie asserts her power and stands up to her mother. Margaret responds by accusing Carrie of being a satanic witch, at the prom, Carrie finds acceptance among her peers and shares a kiss with Tommy. Chriss bubbly best friend Norma rigs the election and Carrie is crowned Prom Queen, Carrie’s joy is cut short when Chris pulls a rope to dump the pigs blood on her. Chris and Billy escape through a door, while the bucket falls on Tommys head. The blood-soaked Carrie hallucinates that everyone in the gymnasium is laughing at her and soon unleashes telekinetic fury upon the crowd, guilty, the doors slam shut, a high-pressure water hose assaults many people, the principal is electrocuted, and Miss Collins is crushed to death
Carrie (1976 film)
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Original theatrical release poster
11.
Stephen King
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Stephen Edwin King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. His books have more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television shows. King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman and he has written nearly 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections. Many of his stories are set in his state of Maine. His novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption was the basis for the movie The Shawshank Redemption which is regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. King has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and his novella The Way Station was a Nebula Award novelette nominee. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters and his short story The Man in the Black Suit received the O. Henry Award. In 2015, King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature, King was born September 21,1947, in Portland, Maine. His father, Donald Edwin King, was born circa 1913 in Peru, Indiana, when Donald was born, his surname was Pollock, but as an adult, he used the surname King. Kings mother, Nellie Ruth, was born in Scarborough, Maine, Donald and Nellie were married July 23,1939, in Cumberland County, Maine. The family moved to De Pere, Wisconsin, Fort Wayne, Indiana, when King was 11, the family returned to Durham, Maine, where his mother cared for her parents until their deaths. She then became a caregiver in a residential facility for the mentally challenged. King was raised Methodist and remains religious as an adult, as a child, King apparently witnessed one of his friends being struck and killed by a train, though he has no memory of the event. His family told him that leaving home to play with the boy, King returned, speechless. Only later did the family learn of the friends death, some commentators have suggested that this event may have psychologically inspired some of Kings darker works, but King makes no mention of it in his memoir On Writing. King related in detail his primary inspiration for writing fiction in his non-fiction Danse Macabre. King compares his uncles successfully dowsing for water using the bough of a branch with the sudden realization of what he wanted to do for a living. King told Barnes & Noble Studios during a 2009 interview, I knew that Id found home when I read that book, King attended Durham Elementary School and graduated from Lisbon Falls High School, in Lisbon Falls, Maine
Stephen King
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Stephen King in February 2007
Stephen King
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King's home in
Bangor
12.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in
7th Heaven (1927),
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and
Street Angel (1928).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Norma Shearer won in 1930 for her performance in
The Divorcee.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in
Morning Glory (1933),
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967),
The Lion in Winter (1968), and
On Golden Pond (1981).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in
Dangerous (1935) and
Jezebel (1938).
13.
Loretta Lynn
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Loretta Lynn is an American country music singer-songwriter with multiple gold albums over a career of almost 60 years. She is the most awarded female recording artist and the only female ACM Artist of the Decade. Lynn is the second of eight born to Clara Marie Clary and Melvin Theodore Ted Webb. In January 1948, 15-year-old Loretta married Oliver Doolittle Lynn and their life together inspired the music she wrote. In 1953 Doolittle bought her a $17 Harmony guitar and she often appeared at Bills Tavern in Blaine, Washington, and the Delta Grange Hall in Custer, Washington, with the Pen Brothers band and the Westerneers. She cut her first record, Im a Honky Tonk Girl and she became a part of the country music scene in Nashville in the 1960s. In 1967 she had the first of 16 number-one hits and her later hits include Dont Come Home A Drinkin, You Aint Woman Enough, Fist City, and Coal Miners Daughter. Lynn focused on womens issues with themes about philandering husbands and persistent mistresses. Country music radio stations refused to play her music, banning nine of her songs. She and contemporaries like Tammy Wynette provided a template for artists in country music to follow. Her best-selling 1976 autobiography, Coal Miners Daughter, was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the title in 1980, starring Sissy Spacek. Her album Van Lear Rose, released in 2004, was produced by the rock musician Jack White, Lynn and White were nominated for five Grammys. Lynn has received awards in country and American music. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2013, Lynn has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since joining on September 25,1962, her first appearance on the Grand Ole Opry was on October 15,1960. Lynn has recorded 70 albums, including 54 studio albums,15 compilation albums, and one tribute album, Lynn was born and raised in Butcher Hollow, Van Lear, Kentucky, a mining community near Paintsville. Her mother was of Scots-Irish and Cherokee ancestry, Loretta was the second of eight children. She was named after the film star Loretta Young, Ted Webb never got to see his daughter become famous, as he died in 1959 of coalworkers pneumoconiosis before Lorettas first single, Im A Honky Tonk Girl, was released. Besides her famous siblings and children who perform, she is related to the country singer Patty Loveless on her mothers side and she is also related, on her mothers side, to Venus Ramey, Miss America of 1944
Loretta Lynn
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Loretta Lynn, 2005.
Loretta Lynn
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Original childhood home of Loretta Lynn in Butcher Hollow, Kentucky
Loretta Lynn
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Loretta Lynn touring in 1975
14.
Grammy
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
Grammy
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Grammy Awards
15.
The River (1984 film)
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The father faces the dilemma of having to work as a strikebreaker in a steel mill to keep his family farm from foreclosure. The film was based on the story of farmers who unknowingly took the jobs as strikebreakers at a steel mill after their crops had been destroyed by rain. It stars Mel Gibson, Sissy Spacek, Scott Glenn and Billy Green Bush, the film was written by Robert Dillon and Julian Barry. It was directed by Mark Rydell, Rydell said, She is the consummate American rural young woman, with strength and fiber and a luminous quality. Mel Gibson begged Rydell to let him play the Tennessee farmer who reminded him of his father, before Gibson left for England to film The Bounty, he begged Rydell not to cast the part yet. Rydell recalled, He came back to my house in Los Angeles and started reading the script, talking, reading the newspaper, in this perfect Tennessee accent. I was really impressed, even when he stood next to Sissy, whos like a tuning fork when it comes to accents, the River was filmed in the Holston Valley area of Kingsport, Tennessee. The filmmakers purchased 440 acres along the Holston River for the farm set, most of the filming was done along Goshen Valley Road and around the Goshen Valley Park area. Goshen Valley Road heads south from highway 11W in Church Hill, the cast and their families moved to the area a month before the start of production to connect with the local people and learn farming skills. The floods in the film were supplied by the Tennessee Valley Authority, the bank scene was filmed in the town of Gate City, Virginia. The film was completed for under $18 million, the musical score was by John Williams and also featured songs by country artists including George Strait. The film was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Cinematography, Best Music, Original Score and it also received a special Oscar for sound effects editing. The River at the Internet Movie Database The River at Box Office Mojo
The River (1984 film)
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Theatrical release poster
16.
Crimes of the Heart (film)
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Crimes of the Heart is a 1986 American black comedy, southern gothic film directed by Bruce Beresford. The screenplay by Beth Henley is adapted from her Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name, the film tells the story of the three MaGrath sisters, Babe, Lenny, and Meg, who reunite in their family home in Mississippi to regroup and settle their past. Each sister is forced to face the consequences of the crimes of the heart she has committed, the story focuses on the Magrath sisters—Lenny, Meg, and Babe—who reunite at the family home in Hazlehurst, Mississippi, after Babe shoots her abusive husband. The three were raised by Old Granddaddy after their mother hanged herself and the cat and have been eccentric ever since. Lenny is a wallflower who bemoans her shriveled ovary, egocentric Meg is a singer whose Hollywood career ended abruptly when she suffered a nervous breakdown. Unruly and impulsive Babe shocks her sisters with stories about her affair with a teenage African American boy, the film opened on 246 screens in the US and earned $1,402,921 on its opening weekend. It eventually grossed $22,905,522 in the United States, Crimes of the Heart received positive review among critics. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film that most delicate of undertakings and it exists somewhere between parody and melodrama, between the tragic and the goofy. There are moments when the movie doesnt seem to know where its going, is a deep, abiding comic affection, a love for these characters who survive in the middle of a thicket of Southern Gothic clichés and archetypes. The powerhouse performances are directed by Bruce Beresford, who maintains balance among the actresses and keeps a lovely tone, as with his critically acclaimed Tender Mercies, the Australian director again looks at American types with a fresh eye. The film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy but lost to Hannah, tess Harper was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and Beth Henley was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Beth Henley Southern gothic Black comedy Crimes of the Heart at the Internet Movie Database Crimes of the Heart at AllMovie Crimes of the Heart at Rotten Tomatoes
Crimes of the Heart (film)
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Theatrical release poster
17.
In the Bedroom
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The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Sissy Spacek, Nick Stahl, Marisa Tomei, and William Mapother. The title refers to the compartment of a lobster trap known as the bedroom. The film is set in the Mid-Coast town of Camden, Maine, Matt and Ruth Fowler enjoy a happy marriage and a good relationship with their son Frank, a recent college graduate who has come home for the summer. Frank has fallen in love with a woman with children. Natalies ex-husband, Richard Strout, tries to find a way into his ex-wife and childrens lives, Ruth is openly concerned about Franks relationship with Natalie, while Matt thinks it is only a fling. Midway through the film, Richard kills Frank during a confrontation at Natalies house following a domestic dispute, though equally devastated, Matt and Ruth grieve in different ways, with Matt putting on a brave face while Ruth becomes reclusive and quiet. Richard is set free on bail, paid by his well-to-do family, the tension between Matt & Ruth increases when they learn that the lack of an eyewitness to Franks shooting means Richard will instead be charged with accidental manslaughter. An argument erupts between the couple in each one confronts the other. With the air cleared, the couple is able to find common ground in their grief. Matt then abducts and kills Richard and he and a friend bury the body on the friends wooded property. Matt returns home to Ruth, who is awake and smoking in bed and she asks him, Did you do it. He climbs into bed and then away from her. Finally, Ruth gets up to make coffee, Matt rolls over onto his back and pulls a band-aid from a finger he injured hauling traps. Ruth calls from the kitchen, Matt, do you want coffee, the sites consensus states Expertly crafted and performed, In the Bedroom is a quietly wrenching portrayal of grief. He further mentioned that the effect of the film isnt over when you leave the theater and he also called In the Bedroom a masterpiece. Neil Norman of The Evening Standard stated that. Field has not only studied the masters of understatement, such as Ozu and Bergman. Fields achievement is such a perfectly consummated marriage of intent and execution that he need never make another movie, I would not be alone, I think, in hoping he will make many more. He further mentioned that like Kubrick, Field doesnt make any moral judgments about his characters and it can be read as a high-class revenge thriller, an ode to the futility of vengeance or almost anything in between
In the Bedroom
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Theatrical release poster
In the Bedroom
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Wilkinson and Spacek's performances were highly praised by film critics.
18.
3 Women
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3 Women is a 1977 American avant-garde drama film written and directed by Robert Altman, and starring Shelley Duvall, Sissy Spacek and Janice Rule. It depicts the bizarre, mysterious relationship between a woman and her roommate and co-worker in a dusty, underpopulated Californian desert town. The story came directly from a dream Altman had, which he adapted into a treatment, 20th Century Fox financed the project on the basis of Altmans past work, and a screenplay was completed before filming. The film was screened at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival and it received positive reviews and a few awards, including the Cannes Best Actress Award for Duvall. Interpretation of the film has involved use of psychoanalysis and discussion of identity, Pinky Rose, a timid and awkward young woman, begins a job at a health spa for the elderly in a small California desert town. There, she becomes enamored of Millie Lammoreaux, a confident, both natives of Texas, the two begin to develop a friendship and, in spite of their stark personality differences, decide to become roommates. Pinky moves in with Millie at the Purple Sage Apartments, owned by a cowboy, Edgar Hart, and his wife Willie. Millie takes Pinky along on her visits to Dodge City, a local tavern and shooting range also owned by Willie. Tensions begin to rise between Pinky and Millie over their living situation. One night, when Millie prepares a party for friends who fail to show up, she gets into a fight with Pinky and leaves the apartment, only to return with a drunk Edgar. Pinky, distraught, jumps off the apartment balcony into the swimming pool, Pinky survives the suicide attempt but goes into a coma. Millie, feeling responsible, begins to visit Pinky daily, when Pinky still doesnt wake up, Millie contacts and invites Pinkys parents in Texas to see if their presence will awaken her. She wakes up, but does not recognize her parents and furiously demands that they leave, Millie becomes increasingly frustrated by Pinkys imitative shift in personality, and begins to exhibit Pinkys timid and submissive personality herself. The two drive to Edgar and Willies farmhouse, where Willie is alone and in labor and her baby is stillborn, as Pinky does not seek medical help during the delivery as Millie told her to. The film ends with Pinky and Millie, who are now working at Dodge City, a vendor at the tavern refers to Edgars gun accident when talking to Millie. Pinky appears to have reverted to her timidity, she refers to Millie as her mother. Pinky and Millie leave the tavern and walk to Willies farmhouse, the final shot pans to a pile of tires buried in the dirt, implied to be Edgars resting place. Director Robert Altman conceived of the idea for 3 Women while his wife was being treated in a hospital, and he was deeply concerned as to whether she would die
3 Women
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Theatrical poster
19.
JFK (film)
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JFK is a 1991 American conspiracy-thriller film directed by Oliver Stone. It examines the events leading to the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the film was adapted by Stone and Zachary Sklar from the books On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison and Crossfire, The Plot That Killed Kennedy by Jim Marrs. Stone described this account as a counter-myth to the Warren Commissions fictional myth, the film became embroiled in controversy. After a slow start at the box office, the film picked up momentum. JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. It was the most successful of three films Stone made about American presidents, followed by Nixon with Anthony Hopkins in the title role and W. with Josh Brolin as George W. Bush. The film opens with footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This is followed by a summary of John F. Kennedys years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stones thesis and this builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22,1963. New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison subsequently learns about potential links to the assassination in New Orleans, Kennedys suspected assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby, and Garrison closes the investigation. The investigation is reopened in 1966 after Garrison reads the Warren Report, Garrison and his staff interrogate several witnesses to the Kennedy assassination, and others involved with Oswald, Ruby, and Ferrie. One such witness is Willie OKeefe, a male prostitute serving five years in prison for soliciting, as well as briefly meeting Oswald, OKeefe was romantically involved with a man called Clay Bertrand. Garrisons staff also test the single bullet theory by aiming an empty rifle from the window through which Oswald was alleged to have shot Kennedy and they conclude that Oswald was too poor a marksman to make the shots, indicating someone else, or multiple marksmen, were involved. In 1968, Garrison meets a figure in Washington D. C. who identifies himself as X. X explains that the President was killed because he wanted to pull the United States out of the Vietnam War, X encourages Garrison to keep digging and prosecute New Orleans-based international businessman Clay Shaw for his alleged involvement. Upon interrogating Shaw, the businessman denies any knowledge of meeting Ferrie, OKeefe or Oswald, some of Garrisons staff begin to doubt his motives and disagree with his methods, and leave the investigation. Garrisons marriage is strained when his wife Liz complains that he is spending time on the case than with his own family. After a sinister phone call is made to their daughter, Liz accuses Garrison of being selfish, in addition, the media launches attacks on television and in newspapers attacking Garrisons character and criticizing the way his office is spending taxpayers money. Some key witnesses become scared and refuse to testify while others, before his death, Ferrie tells Garrison that he believes people are after him, and reveals there was a conspiracy around Kennedys death
JFK (film)
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Theatrical release poster
20.
Affliction (1997 film)
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Affliction is an American drama film produced in 1997, written and directed by Paul Schrader from the novel by Russell Banks. It stars Nick Nolte, Sissy Spacek, James Coburn and Willem Dafoe, Affliction tells the story of Wade Whitehouse, a small-town policeman in New Hampshire. Detached from the people around him, including a dominating father, the film begins with a voice-over narration by Rolfe Whitehouse, announcing the story of his brother Wades strange criminal behavior and subsequent disappearance. Wade Whitehouse is a policeman in New Hampshire. On Halloween night, Wade meets his daughter Jill from his marriage, but he is late. Jill eventually calls her mother to come and pick her up, when his ex-wife finally arrives, Wade shoves her lover against their car and watches them drive away with Jill. Wade vows to get a lawyer to help gain custody of his daughter, the next day, Wade rushes to the scene of a crime. A hunting guide named Jack claims that the man with whom he was hunting accidentally shot, the police believe Jack, but Wade grows suspicious, believing that the mans death was no accident. When he is informed that the victim was scheduled to testify in a lawsuit, Wade finds his mother lying dead in her bed from hypothermia. Glen Whitehouse reacts to her death with little surprise, at the funeral wake, the father gets drunk and loudly exclaims, Not one of you is worth one hair on that womans head. Resulting in a confrontation between Wade and him, Rolfe, who has come home for the funeral, suggests at first that Wades murder theory could be correct, but later renounces himself of this presumption. Nonetheless, Wade becomes obsessed with his conviction, when Wade learns that town Selectman Gordon Lariviere is buying up property all over town with the help from a wealthy land developer, he makes the solving of these incidents his personal mission. Suffering from a toothache and becoming increasingly socially detached, he behaves more and more unpredictably. He follows Jack, convinced that Jack is running away from something and is involved in a conspiracy, after a car chase, a nervous Jack finally pulls over, threatens Wade with a rifle, shoots out his tires, and drives off. Finally, Wade is fired from his police job both for his constant harassment of Jack and his trashing of Larivieres office and he collects Jill from her mothers house, where his ex-wife furiously castigates his plans to sue for full custody. At the local restaurant, he attacks the bartender in front of his daughter after he jokingly insults Wade, then Wade takes Jill home to find Margie leaving him. Wade grabs Margie and begs her to stay with him, but Jill rushes up, in response, Wade pushes Jill, causing her nose to bleed. Wade is then approached by his father Glen, who congratulates him for acting as a real man
Affliction (1997 film)
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Theatrical film poster
21.
The Straight Story
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The Straight Story is a 1999 internationally co-produced biographical road drama film directed by David Lynch. The film was edited and produced by Mary Sweeney, Lynchs longtime partner and co-worker and she co-wrote the script with John E. Roach. The film is based on the story of Alvin Straights 1994 journey across Iowa. Alvin is an elderly World War II veteran who lives with his daughter Rose, when he hears that his estranged brother Lyle has suffered a stroke, Alvin makes up his mind to go visit him and hopefully make amends before he dies. The film was a success and garnered audience acclaim, although the overall gross proved less than expected. Reviewers praised the intensity of the performances, particularly the realistic dialogue which film critic Roger Ebert compared to the works of Ernest Hemingway. It received a nomination for the Palme dOr at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, Alvin Straight has not shown up to his regular bar meeting with his friends. He is eventually found lying on his floor at home, although he insists that he just needs a bit of getting up. His daughter Rose takes her reluctant father to see a doctor and he also tells Alvin that he should start using a walker. Alvin refuses, and does not tell Rose, Alvin then learns that his brother Lyle has suffered a stroke. Alvins first attempt fails, after experiencing difficulty starting the old mowers motor, he doesnt get far before the machine breaks down. Alvin arranges for his mower to be transported home on a flatbed truck. At the John Deere dealer, he purchases a newer replacement lawn tractor from a salesman who is generous but describes Alvin as being a smart man and he passes a young female hitchhiker who later approaches his campfire and says that she could not get a ride. In conversation, Alvin astutely deduces that she is pregnant and has run away from home, Alvin tells the hitchhiker about the importance of family by describing a bundle of sticks that is hard to break. The next day Alvin emerges from the trailer to find that his friend has left him a bundle of sticks tied together. Alvin enjoys watching a rainstorm from the shelter of an abandoned farmhouse, the next scene shows Alvin as a huge group of RAGBRAI cyclists race past him. Although the film takes place in September, the journey was in July. He later arrives at the camp and he is greeted with applause
The Straight Story
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Theatrical release poster
22.
Tuck Everlasting (2002 film)
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Tuck Everlasting is a 2002 fantasy family romantic drama film based on the childrens book of the same title by Natalie Babbitt published in 1975. The Walt Disney Pictures release was directed by Jay Russell, 15-year-old Winnie Foster is from an upper-class family in the town of Treegap, Maryland and wants to make her own choices in life. After being told that she is going to a boarding school and she is kidnapped by his older brother Miles and brought back to the Tucks home where they tell her they will return her as soon as they can trust her. She becomes enamored of their slow and simple way of life and she learns that the Tucks cannot age or be injured due to drinking water from a magic spring around a hundred years ago and that they kidnapped her to hide the secret. They tell her that living forever is more painful than it sounds, a man in a yellow suit befriends the Fosters while Winnie is gone. He spies on the Tucks and he desires the spring to sell the water and he makes a deal to save Winnie and get the forest. He goes to the Tucks and orders them to reveal where the spring is and he calls their bluff by shooting Jesse and exposing his youth, but in return Jesses mother, Mae, kills him with the rear end of a rifle. The constable sees the attack and arrests Mae for killing the man and she and Angus are sentenced to be hanged for kidnapping Winnie and murdering the man. After being returned home, Winnie is woken by Jesse who begs her to him free his parents. The family fears that if Mae and Angus are in fact hanged the next day, they wont die, Winnie helps Jesse and Miles to break the Tucks out of jail and goodbye to them. Jesse, who has fallen in love with Winnie, asks her to join them, Jesse tells Winnie to drink from the spring so she could live forever and never age, then he will come back for her when everything is safe. He leaves promising to love her until the day he dies, after the Tucks depart, Winnie chooses not to drink the water. She would rather die after living a life, than be immortal. 85 years later, Jesse returns to a much changed Treegap that has modernized with a McDonalds and he goes into the woods and at the base of the great tree he finds Winnies headstone marking the site of where the spring once stood. The stone reads that Winnie became a wife and mother before passing away at 100 years of age, Jesse sits at her grave, smiling through his tears and remembering her
Tuck Everlasting (2002 film)
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Theatrical release poster
23.
Nine Lives (2005 film)
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Nine Lives is a 2005 American drama film written and directed by Rodrigo García. The screenplay, an example of cinema, relates nine short. Their themes include parent-child relationships, fractured love, adultery, illness, imprisoned Sandra has an emotional breakdown when the broken telephone in her cubicle prevents her from communicating with her daughter on visiting day. Diana and Damian, two former flames now married to others, unexpectedly have a poignant reunion in the aisle of the local supermarket, holly returns home to confront her sexually abusive stepfather and dissolves into gun-waving hysteria. Feuding married couple Sonia and Martin have an emotional meltdown while visiting their friends Lisa, teenaged Samantha is torn between her non-communicative parents Ruth, and Larry, each of whom questions her about everything the other one has to say. Divorcée Lorna must cope with her ex-husband Andrews sexual desire for her during his wifes funeral. Ruth, primary caretaker for her husband, becomes increasingly guilt-ridden during a tryst with drunken widower Henry in a hotel. Camille is facing breast cancer surgery and uses her time to lash out at her quietly supportive husband Richard. Maggie discusses life with her daughter Maria during a picnic in the cemetery and it opened on seven screens and earned $28,387 in its opening weekend. It eventually grossed $478,830 in the US and $1,084,093 in foreign markets for a worldwide box office of $1,562,923. The films reward for intense concentration is a feeling of deep empathy, for once, you dont harbor the uneasy suspicion of having been emotionally manipulated. Mr. García has made a film that could be described as radically realistic, in its subtle, understated performances, the actors vanish into characters who behave like ordinary people observed through one-way glass. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said, Rodrigo Garcia, a movie like this, with the appearance of new characters and situations, focuses us, we watch more intently, because it is important what happens. He added, stories might seem the stuff of soap opera, the peculiar overall structure makes them distinctive as well, the way these little semi-Chekhovian, semi-Andre Dubus pieces play out against each other. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it that rare film that actually accrues a cumulative power. By the time its over it has become a testament to the resilience of women in coping with a critical moment in their lives. Each segment seems perfectly shaped and timed, not lasting a second too long yet always of sufficient length to be satisfying in itself, garcías large ensemble cast is impeccable, and he and his actors have created a film as memorable as it is subtle. Nine Lives is a sophisticated, elegant-looking film shot in distinctive, wide-ranging L. A. locales, list of American films of 2005 Nine Lives at the Internet Movie Database Nine Lives at Rotten Tomatoes Nine Lives at AllMovie Nine Lives at Metacritic
Nine Lives (2005 film)
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Theatrical release poster
24.
The Help (film)
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The Help is a 2011 American period drama film directed and written by Tate Taylor, and adapted from Kathryn Stocketts 2009 novel of the same name. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Jessica Chastain, Viola Davis, Bryce Dallas Howard, Allison Janney, Octavia Spencer, the film and novel recount the story of young white woman and aspiring journalist Eugenia Skeeter Phelan. The story focuses on her relationship with two maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny Jackson, during the Civil Rights Movement in 1962 Jackson. The films casting began later that month, with principal photography following four months after in Mississippi, Touchstone Pictures released The Help worldwide, with a general theatrical release in North America on August 10,2011. The film was a critical and commercial success, receiving positive reviews, the Help received four Academy Award nominations including Best Picture, Best Actress for Davis, and Best Supporting Actress for both Chastain and Spencer, with the latter winning the award. The film also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the story is set in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1963. Aibileen Clark is an African-American maid who works for Elizabeth Leefolt, aibileens best friend is Minny Jackson, a plain-spoken African-American maid known for her culinary skills who works for Hilly Holbrooks senile mother, Mrs. Walters. Eugenia Skeeter Phelan, a white woman, returns home after graduating from the University of Mississippi to discover that her mother, Charlotte, has fired Constantine. Much to her mothers chagrin, Skeeter aspires to be a writer, Minny eventually finds work with Celia Foote, wife of wealthy socialite Johnny Foote, Hillys former beau. Celia is starved for friendship due to Hillys efforts to ensure she remains a social pariah, Celia befriends Minny during cooking lessons and informs Minny that she is pregnant. Their relationship deepens after Celia miscarries, Skeeter submits a draft of her book to Harper & Row. Her editor, Elaine Stein, advises her that more maids stories need to be included, following the assassination of Medgar Evers and the arrest of Yule May, the maid hired by Hilly to replace Minny, more maids decide to offer Skeeter their insights. As the writing continues, Skeeter, Aibileen, and Minny worry that some maids, Minny, as a form of insurance, reveals the terrible awful thing” she did to Hilly. Minny predicts the story will keep the safe from retribution. With the book almost finished, Skeeter confronts her mother about Constantines firing, to save face, Charlotte fired Constantine and ordered her and Rachel to leave immediately. Rachel subsequently took Constantine to live with her in Chicago, Charlotte had every intention to bring Constantine back to Jackson, but Constantine died before she could do so. The book, published anonymously, is a success, Hilly does everything in her power to protect her reputation after reading about Minnys “terrible awful thing”. She becomes unhinged when a check from Celia for one of Hillys charitable works is made out to Two Slice Hilly and she drives intoxicated to the Phelan plantation to confront Skeeter and inform Charlotte about her daughters hippie ways
The Help (film)
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Theatrical release poster
25.
Netflix
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Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California. It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail, in 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production, as well as online distribution. As of 2017 the company has its headquarters in Los Gatos, Netflixs initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflixs founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business. In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD, Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, House of Cards. It has greatly expanded the production of film and television series since then, offering Netflix Original content through its online library of films. Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, in January 2017, Netflix reported having over 93 million subscribers worldwide, including more than 49 million in the United States. Netflix was founded on August 29,1997, in Scotts Valley, California, by Marc Randolph, Randolph worked as marketing director for Hastings company, Pure Atria Corporation. Randolph was a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a mail order company. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the richest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Hastings, Randolphs mother and Integrity QA founder Steve Kahn invested $2.5 million in cash for Netflix. Randolph admired the fledgling e-commerce company Amazon and wanted to find a category of portable items to sell over the internet using a similar model. He and Hastings considered and rejected VHS tapes as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, which were available in only a few markets in 1997, when the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home video sales and rental industry. Netflix introduced the monthly subscription concept in September 1999, and then dropped the model in early 2000. Since that time, the company has built its reputation on the model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees. In 2000, Netflix offered to be acquired by Blockbuster for $50 million, Netflix initiated an initial public offering on May 29,2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at the price of US$15.00 per share. On June 14,2002, the company sold an additional 825,000 shares of stock at the same price. After incurring substantial losses during its first few years, Netflix posted its first profit during fiscal year 2003, in 2005,35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day
Netflix
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Netflix headquarters in Los Gatos.
Netflix
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Example of a Netflix DVD rental of
Kill Bill. Discs are returned in the same envelopes they are sent to customers.
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Netflixenvelope
26.
Bloodline (TV series)
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Bloodline is an American Netflix original thriller–drama web television series created by Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler, and Daniel Zelman, and produced by Sony Pictures Television. On March 31,2015, Bloodline was renewed for a 10-episode second season debuted on May 27,2016. On July 13,2016, Netflix renewed Bloodline for a 10-episode third season to premiere in 2017 On September 14,2016, Netflix announced that series has been cancelled, the first season received positive reviews from many critics, with most critics praising its performances and cinematography. However, the season received a mixed response from critics. The series begins with a narration by John Rayburn, Sometimes you know something’s coming. And you don’t sleep at night, the voice in your head is telling you that something is going to go terribly wrong and there’s nothing you can do to stop it. That’s how I felt when my brother came home, Danny is the black sheep of the family, with a poor reputation amongst them, including his three younger siblings, John, Kevin, and Meg. John is a detective with the sheriffs office, Kevin owns a local marina. Danny wants to make his return permanent as he wishes to stay to help his parents at their Inn, Robert is reluctant to let Danny stay, but leaves it up to the three siblings to decide Dannys fate. The siblings decide against Danny staying as they conclude that he will only break Sallys heart in the end, John decides to break the news to Danny, but lies to him by telling him it was their father who wanted him gone, rather than the siblings. Ultimately Danny does not leave, despite allowing John to take him back to the bus stop, Dannys dysfunctional relationship with his father inadvertently causes Robert to have mini-strokes and eventually leads to his death. The Rayburns past is full of secrets that are revealed throughout the season. Dannys dysfunctional relationship with his family primarily stems from the death of his younger sister, Sarah. Danny took Sarah out on a boat, where her seahorse necklace fell into the water and her death caused Robert to give Danny a beating, which Sally covered up by having John, Kevin, and Meg lie to the police. Roberts death opens the door for Danny to have a permanent job at the Inn, Danny appears to be changing his ways with hard work and dedication, which puts him in Sallys good graces. However, Dannys problem past is shown with childhood friend and troublemaker Eric OBannon, the two begin siphoning gasoline from local docks for drug and human trafficker, Wayne Lowry. As they gain Lowrys trust they are given jobs to complete. Danny eventually uses his job at The Rayburn House as a front to smuggle in cocaine for Lowry, John and the sheriffs department collaborate with the DEA in an investigation into the deaths of unknown women and drug trafficking in Monroe County by Lowry and his men
Bloodline (TV series)
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Bloodline
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Rio Grande Valley
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The Rio Grande Valley, The Valley, is an area located in the southernmost tip of South Texas. It lies along the bank of the Rio Grande river. The four-county region, consisting of Hidalgo, Cameron, Willacy, from having about 325,000 people in 1969, to today a population over 1,300,000 in 2014. Some of the biggest cities in the region are, Brownsville, McAllen, Mission, Edinburg, Pharr, Weslaco, Harlingen, Rio Grande City, and Hidalgo. The Rio Grande Valley is not a valley, but a floodplain. Early 20th-century land developers, attempting to capitalize on unclaimed land, utilized the name Magic Valley to attract settlers, the Rio Grande Valley is also called El Valle, the Spanish translation of the valley, by those who live there. The residents of the Rio Grande Valley occasionally refer to the area as El Mágico Valle del Río Grande, the main region is within four Texan counties, Starr County, Hidalgo County, Willacy County, and Cameron County. As of January 1,2012, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated the population of the Rio Grande Valley at 1,305,782. According to the U. S. Census Bureau in 2008,86 percent of Cameron County,90 percent of Hidalgo County,97 percent of Starr County, the largest city is Brownsville, followed by McAllen. Other major cities include Harlingen, Edinburg, Mission, Rio Grande City, Raymondville, Weslaco, Hidalgo, the Valley is a popular waypoint for tourists visiting Northeast Mexico. Popular destinations across the border and Rio Grande include, Matamoros, Nuevo Progreso, Río Bravo, the Valley also attracts tourists from the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Mexico, D. F. Cotton, grapefruit, sorghum, maize, and sugarcane are its leading crops, and the region is the center of citrus production and the most important area of vegetable production in the State of Texas. The geographic inclusion of South Padre Island also drives tourism, particularly during the Spring Break season, during the winter months, many retirees arrive to enjoy the warm weather, access to pharmaceuticals and health care in Mexican border crossings such as Nuevo Progreso. There is a substantial health-care industry with major hospitals and many clinics and private practices in Brownsville, Harlingen, Texas is the third largest producer of citrus fruit in United States, the majority of which is grown in the Rio Grande Valley. Grapefruit make up over 70% of the Valley citrus crop, which also includes orange, tangerine, tangelo, there are two semi-professional sports teams that play in the Rio Grande Valley, The Rio Grande Valley Vipers, and The Rio Grande Valley FC Toros. Previous teams that are now defunct include, the Edinburg Roadrunners, La Fiera FC, Rio Grande Valley Ocelots FC, Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings, Rio Grande Valley Killer Bees, one of the Valleys major tourist attractions is the semi-tropical wildlife. Birds and butterflies attract a large amount of every year all throughout the entire valley. Ecotourism is an economic force in the Rio Grande Valley
Rio Grande Valley
–
The First Lift Station in Mission, Texas once provided water for irrigating the crops of the early Rio Grande Valley.
Rio Grande Valley
–
Map of the Rio Grande Valley
Rio Grande Valley
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Box of Oranges, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (postcard, c. 1912-1924)
28.
Homecoming queen
–
Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and celebrating a schools existence. It is a tradition in high schools and colleges in the United States, Canada. Homecoming is a tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back alumni and former residents. It is built around an event, such as a banquet and, most often. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely, a dance commonly follows the game or the day following the game. When attached to a game, Homecoming traditionally occurs on the teams return from the longest road trip of the season. The game itself, whether it be football or another sport, the game is supposed to be an easy win and thus weaker schools will sometimes play lower division schools. The tradition of Homecoming has its origin in alumni football games held at colleges and universities since the 19th century, Many schools including Baylor, Southwestern, Illinois, and Missouri have made claims that theyve held the first modern homecoming. The NCAA, Trivial Pursuit, Jeopardy. and references from the American TV drama NCIS give the title to the University of Missouris 1911 football game during which alumni were encouraged to attend and it was the first annual homecoming centered on a parade and a football game. Along with the game, the celebration included a parade. The event was a success, with nearly 10,000 alumni coming home to part in the celebration and watch the Tigers. The Missouri annual homecoming, with its parade and spirit rally centered on a football game is the model that has gone on to take hold at colleges. At least two collegiate homecoming celebrations predate the University of Missouri football game homecoming event, Southwestern University, in Georgetown, TX and Baylor University, in Waco, TX. By multiple historical accounts, Southwestern held the first Homecoming on record on Wednesday, former students raised funds, provided homes, prepared and served a barbecue supper, and decorated the town buildings. Members of the senior class waited tables, northern Illinois University has one of the longest-celebrated homecoming traditions in the country. The alumni football game played on Oct.10,1903, baylors homecoming history dates back to November 1909 and included a parade, reunion parties and an afternoon football game, a tradition that continued and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009. There was a gap between 1910 and 1915 when there was no homecoming event, however there has been continuity since 1915, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign claims to have first held a homecoming event in 1910, celebrating the 100th anniversary in 2010
Homecoming queen
–
Homecoming court during a
football game at
Texas A&M University–Commerce
Homecoming queen
–
The
1911 Kansas vs. Missouri football game is one of several claimed to be the first college football homecoming game.
Homecoming queen
–
The 2014 homecoming court at Texas A&M University–Commerce
29.
Andy Warhol
–
Andy Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, Warhol initially pursued a career as a commercial illustrator. After exhibiting his work in galleries in the late 1950s. He promoted a collection of known as Warhol superstars, and is credited with coining the widely used expression 15 minutes of fame. In the late 1960s, he managed and produced the rock band The Velvet Underground. He authored numerous books, including The Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism and he is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement. Warhol has been the subject of retrospective exhibitions, books. The Andy Warhol Museum in his city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent collection of art. Many of his creations are very collectible and highly valuable, the highest price ever paid for a Warhol painting is US$105 million for a 1963 canvas titled Silver Car Crash, his works include some of the most expensive paintings ever sold. A2009 article in The Economist described Warhol as the bellwether of the art market, Warhol was born on August 6,1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the child of Ondrej Warhola and Julia, whose first child was born in their homeland. His parents were working-class Lemko emigrants from Mikó, located in todays northeastern Slovakia, Warhols father emigrated to the United States in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhols grandparents. Warhols father worked in a coal mine, the family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church, Andy Warhol had two older brothers—Pavol, the oldest, was born before the family emigrated, Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavols son, James Warhola, became a childrens book illustrator. He became a hypochondriac, developing a fear of hospitals and doctors, often bedridden as a child, he became an outcast at school and bonded with his mother. At times when he was confined to bed, he drew, listened to the radio, Warhol later described this period as very important in the development of his personality, skill-set and preferences. When Warhol was 13, his father died in an accident, as a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in 1945
Andy Warhol
–
Warhol in 1975
Andy Warhol
–
Warhol's childhood home. 3252 Dawson Street,
South Oakland neighborhood of
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Andy Warhol
–
Warhol (left) and
Tennessee Williams (right) talking on the
SS France, 1967; in the background:
Paul Morrissey.
Andy Warhol
–
Campbell's Soup I (1968)
30.
The Factory
–
The Factory was the name of Andy Warhols New York City studio, which had three different locations between 1962 and 1984. The original Factory was on the floor at 231 East 47th Street. The rent was one hundred dollars per year, Warhol left in 1967 when the building was scheduled to be torn down to make way for an apartment building. He then relocated his studio to the floor of the Decker Building at 33 Union Square West near the corner of East 16th Street. The Factory was revamped and remained there until 1973 and it moved to 860 Broadway at the north end of Union Square. Although this space was much larger, not much filmmaking took place there, in 1984 Warhol moved his remaining ventures, no longer including filming, to 22 East 33rd Street, a conventional office building. The original Factory was often referred to as the Silver Factory, Silver, fractured mirrors, and tin foil were the basic decorating materials loved by early amphetamine users of the sixties. Name covered the whole factory in silver, even the elevator, Warhols years at the Factory were known as the Silver Era. Aside from the prints and paintings, Warhol produced shoes, films, sculptures and commissioned work in various genres to brand and his first commissions consisted of a single silkscreen portrait for $25,000, with additional canvases in other colors for $5,000 each. He later increased the price of alternative colors to $20,000 each, Warhol used a large portion of his income to finance the Factory. The Factory was the hip hangout for artistic types, amphetamine users, and it was famed for its groundbreaking parties. In the studio, Warhols workers would make silkscreens and lithographs under his direction, in 1968, Warhol moved the Factory to the sixth floor of the Decker Building,33 Union Square West, near Maxs Kansas City, a club which Warhol and his entourage frequently visited. By the time Warhol had achieved a reputation, he was working day, Warhol used silkscreens so that he could mass-produce images the way corporations mass-produced consumer goods. To increase production, he attracted a ménage of adult performers, drag queens, socialites, drug addicts, musicians. These art-workers helped him create his paintings, starred in his films, speaking in 2002, musician John Cale said, It wasnt called the Factory for nothing. It was where the line for the silkscreens happened. While one person was making a silkscreen, somebody else would be filming a screen test, billy Name brought in the red couch which became a prominent furnishing at the Factory, finding it on the sidewalk of 47th street during one of his midnight outings. The sofa quickly became a place for Factory guests to crash overnight
The Factory
–
The
Decker Building, second location of the Factory
The Factory
–
Warhol Superstar
Mary Woronov
The Factory
–
Warhol Superstar
Ultra Violet
31.
Trash (1970 film)
–
Trash is a 1970 American film directed and written by Paul Morrissey. The movie stars Joe Dallesandro, Holly Woodlawn and Jane Forth, Dallesandro had previously starred in several other Andy Warhol/Paul Morrissey films such as The Loves of Ondine, Lonesome Cowboys, San Diego Surf, and Flesh. Dallesandro was Morrisseys preferred leading man, Holly makes her screen debut in this film, director George Cukor famously instigated a write-in campaign to have her nominated for an Academy Award which didnt materialize. Jane Forth, a 17-year-old model, also makes her debut in this film and she would shortly afterwards appear on the cover of Look magazine. The film also features other Warhol superstars such as Andrea Feldman, sissy Spacek also made a quick uncredited appearance as a girl who sits at the bar but was cut from the final film. The film features scenes of intravenous drug use, sex. The movie follows Joe, an addict, throughout his quest to score more drugs. The episodic plot occurs over a day and centers around Joes problematic relationship with his on-off
Trash (1970 film)
–
Trash
32.
Lee Strasberg
–
Lee Strasberg was a Polish-born American actor, director, and theatre practitioner. He was born in a part of Galicia, Austrian Poland and he co founded, with directors Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford, the Group Theatre in 1931, which was hailed as Americas first true theatrical collective. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute has its own sets of entrance criteria required for admission into their program. Former student Elia Kazan directed James Dean in East of Eden, as a student, Dean wrote that Actors Studio was the greatest school of the theater the best thing that can happen to an actor. Playwright Tennessee Williams, writer of A Streetcar Named Desire, said of Strasbergs actors and they communicate emotions they really feel. They give you a sense of life, directors such as Sidney Lumet, a former student, have intentionally used actors skilled in Strasbergs method. Kazan, in his autobiography, wrote, He carried with him the aura of a prophet, a magician, a doctor, a psychoanalyst. Was the force held the thirty-odd members of the theatre together. Today, Ellen Burstyn, Al Pacino, and Harvey Keitel lead this nonprofit studio dedicated to the development of actors, playwrights and he also appeared in. And Justice for All. Strasbergs personal papers, including photos, are archived at the Library of Congress, Lee Strasberg was born Israel Strassberg in Budzanów in Austrian Poland, to Jewish parents, Baruch Meyer Strassberg and his wife, Ida, née Diner, and was the youngest of three sons. His father emigrated to New York while his family remained in their village with an uncle. His father, who worked as a presser in the garment industry, sent first for his eldest son, finally, enough money was saved to bring over his wife and his two remaining sons. In 1909, the family was reunited on Manhattans Lower East Side, a relative introduced him to the theater by giving him a small part in a Yiddish-language production being performed by the Progressive Drama Club. He later joined the Chrystie Street Settlement Houses drama club, when he was 23 years old, he enrolled in the Clare Tree Major School of the Theater. He became a naturalized United States citizen on January 16,1939, had his life-shaping revelation when Stanislavski brought his Moscow Art Theatre to the United States in 1923. He had seen good acting before, of course, but never an ensemble like this with actors completely surrendering their egos to the work. E observed, first of all, that all the actors, whether they were playing leads or small parts, worked with the same commitment, no actors idled about posing and preening. More important, every actor seemed to some sort of unspoken, yet palpable
Lee Strasberg
–
Strasberg in 1976
Lee Strasberg
–
Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
Lee Strasberg
–
Strasberg acting with
Al Pacino in
Godfather II
Lee Strasberg
–
Strasberg in 1978
33.
Prime Cut
–
Prime Cut is a 1972 American film produced by Joe Wizan and directed by Michael Ritchie, with a screenplay written by Robert Dillon. The film stars Lee Marvin as a mob enforcer from Chicago sent to Kansas to collect a debt from a meatpacker boss played by Gene Hackman and it co-stars Sissy Spacek, in her first credited on-screen role as a young orphan being sold into prostitution, and Angel Tompkins. The film was considered highly risqué for its time based on its violence and its graphic depiction of female slavery includes a scene depicting naked young women in pens being auctioned like beef cattle. It is also noted for its depiction of the slaughtering process. A slaughterhouse process follows the unloading of cattle to the making of sausages, a wristwatch and a shoe appear on a conveyor line, making it clear that a human cadaver is processed among the cattle. A woman operating the machine is interrupted by Weenie, who has timed the machine using his watch. He wraps up a string of sausages, then marks the package with an address in Chicago, Weenie is the brother of Mary Ann, the crooked operator of the slaughterhouse in Kansas City, Kansas. The particular sausages that Weenie was wrapping were made from the remains of an enforcer from the Chicago Irish mob sent to Kansas City to collect $500,000 from Mary Ann. After the head of the Irish Mob in Chicago receives the package, he contacts Nick Devlin and he tells Devlin about the sausages and that another enforcer sent to Kansas City was found floating in the Missouri River. Devlin agrees to the fee of $50,000 and asks for some additional muscle and he gets a driver and three other younger members of the Irish Mob as help, including the young OBrien, who makes Devlin meet his mother as he leaves Chicago. It is later revealed that Devlin and Mary Ann have a history involving Mary Anns wife Clarabelle. In Kansas City at a flophouse, Devlin finds Weenie in an upstairs room and he beats him up and tells him to inform Mary Ann that he is in town to collect the debt. The next day, Devlin and his men drive to the prairie and find Mary Ann in a barn, Devlin demands the money from Mary Ann, who tells him to come to the county fair the next day to get it. Mary Ann tells him Chicago is an old sow, begging for cream that should be melted down, as they are standing by a cattle pen with naked young women offered for auction, one of them, Poppy, begs Devlin for help. Devlin takes her with him on account, back at the hotel, she tells Devlin her history of growing up at an orphanage in Missouri with her close friend, Violet, before they were brought to the slave auction. At the county fair, in the midst of a livestock judging competition, when Devlin cracks the box open, he finds it contains only beef hearts. Devlin is able to escape with Poppy after Violet distracts Weenie, Mary Anns men chase Devlin, his men and Poppy through the fair. OBrien is killed underneath a viewing stand, Devlin and Poppy run into a nearby wheat field, where they escape detection
Prime Cut
–
Theatrical release poster by
Tom Jung
34.
The Waltons
–
The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner, Jr. based on his book Spencers Mountain, and a 1963 film of the same name. The show is centered on a family in a rural Virginia community during the Great Depression, the series pilot aired as a television movie entitled The Homecoming, A Christmas Story and was broadcast on December 19,1971. Beginning in September 1972, the originally aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS, the Waltons was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. The main story takes place in Waltons Mountain, a town at the foot of a mountain in fictitious Jefferson County. The actual place upon which the stories are based is in Nelson County, Virginia, the time period is from 1933 to 1946, during the Great Depression and World War II, during the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman. The last episode of one, An Easter Story, is set in February–April 1934. The year 1934 takes two seasons to cover, while some years are covered over the course of a few months. The series finale, The Revel, revolves around a party, a span of 13 years is therefore covered in nine seasons. There are some errors, which ostensibly do not hinder the storyline. The series began relating stories that occurred 38 years in the past, the story is about the family of John Walton Jr. his six siblings, his parents John and Olivia Walton, and the elder Johns parents Zebulon Zeb and Esther Walton. John-Boy is the oldest of the children, who becomes a journalist and novelist. Each episode is narrated at the opening and closing by a middle-aged John Jr. John Sr. manages to eke out a living for his family by operating a mill with his sons help as they grow older. The family income is augmented by some small-scale farming, and John occasionally hunts to put meat on the table, the family shares hospitality with relatives and strangers as they are able. Jefferson County sheriff Ep Bridges, who fought alongside John in World War I, keeps law, the entire family attends a Baptist church, of which Olivia and Grandma Esther are the most regular attendees. The church that the Hamners actually attended was Schuyler Baptist Church, the church has helped host several events honoring Earl Hamner, Jr. including one in 2014. In the signature scene that closes almost every episode, the house is enveloped in darkness, save for one. Through voice-overs, two or more characters make some brief comments related to that events, and then bid each other goodnight
The Waltons
–
John, John-Boy, and Olivia Walton
The Waltons
–
The Waltons
The Waltons
–
Grandma and John-Boy
The Waltons
–
The cast at the 40th Anniversary of the show in 2012
35.
Terrence Malick
–
Terrence Frederick Malick is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Malick began his career as part of the New Hollywood film-making wave with the films Badlands and Days of Heaven, Malicks films have been noted for exploring themes such as individual transcendence, nature, and conflicts between reason and instinct. The stylistic elements of the work have inspired divided opinions among film scholars. Terrence Malick was born in Ottawa, Illinois and he is the son of Irene and Emil A. Malick, a geologist. His paternal grandparents were Assyrian Christian immigrants from Urmia, Iran, Malick attended St. Stephens Episcopal School in Austin, Texas, while his family lived in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Malick had two brothers, Chris and Larry. Larry Malick was a guitarist who went to study in Spain with Andrés Segovia in the late 1960s, in 1968, Larry intentionally broke his own hands due to pressure over his musical studies. Their father Emil went to Spain to help Larry, but his son died shortly after, the early death of Malicks younger brother has been explored and referenced in his films The Tree of Life and Knight of Cups. Malick received a A. B. in philosophy from Harvard College, graduating cum laude. He did graduate work at Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, after a disagreement with his advisor, Gilbert Ryle, over his thesis on the concept of world in Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein, Malick left Oxford without a degree. In 1969, Northwestern University Press published Malicks translation of Heideggers Vom Wesen des Grundes as The Essence of Reasons, after returning to the United States, Malick taught philosophy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology while freelancing as a journalist. He wrote articles for Newsweek, The New Yorker, and Life, Malick started his film career after earning an MFA from the AFI Conservatory in 1969, directing the short film Lanton Mills. At the AFI, he established contacts with people such as actor Jack Nicholson, longtime collaborator Jack Fisk, and agent Mike Medavoy and he wrote early uncredited drafts of Dirty Harry and Drive, He Said, and is credited with the screenplay for Pocket Money. Malick was also co-writer of The Gravy Train, under the pseudonym David Whitney, after one of his screenplays, Deadhead Miles, was made into what Paramount Pictures believed was an unreleasable film, Malick decided to direct his own scripts. Malicks first feature-length work as a director was Badlands, an independent film starring Martin Sheen and it was influenced by the crimes of convicted teenage spree killer Charles Starkweather. Malick raised half of the budget by approaching people outside of the industry, including doctors and dentists, the rest was raised by executive producer Edward R. Pressman. After a troubled production that many crew members leaving halfway through the shoot. As a result, Warner Bros. bought distribution rights for three times its budget, Malicks second film was the Paramount-produced Days of Heaven, about a love triangle that develops in the farm country of the Texas Panhandle in the early 20th century
Terrence Malick
–
Malick in 2011
36.
Badlands (movie)
–
Badlands is a 1973 American crime film written and directed by Terrence Malick, starring Martin Sheen and Sissy Spacek, and featuring Warren Oates and Ramon Bieri. Badlands is set in 1959 and is narrated by the impressionable 15-year-old Holly Sargis and she lives with her sign painter father, although their relationship has been strained since her mother died of pneumonia some years earlier. One day Holly meets the 25-year-old garbage collector Kit Carruthers, Kit is a young, troubled greaser, who resembles James Dean, an actor Holly admires. Kit charms Holly, and she falls in love with him. Hollys narration, describing her adventures with Kit in romantic clichés, is juxtaposed with the revelations of Kits increasingly antisocial. Hollys father disapproves of Holly and Kits relationship, and shoots her dog as a punishment for spending time with him, Kit then comes to Hollys house and shoots her father dead. The couple fakes suicide by burning down the house and go on the run together, Kit and Holly build a treehouse in a remote area and live there happily for a time, fishing and stealing chickens for food, but are eventually discovered by bounty hunters. Kit shoots the three bounty hunters dead, and the couple flees and they next seek shelter with Kits friend Cato, but when Cato attempts to deceive them and go for help, Kit shoots him, he also shoots a teenage couple who arrives to visit Cato shortly thereafter. Kit and Holly are hunted across the Midwest by law enforcement and they stop at a rich mans mansion and take supplies, clothing, and his Cadillac, but spare the lives of the man and his housemaid. As the fugitives head across Montana to Saskatchewan, the police find, Holly, who is tired of life on the run and of her relationship with Kit, refuses to go with him and turns herself in. Kit leads the police on a car chase but is soon caught and they admire him and engage with him as he is sitting in their custody, asking him questions and cracking jokes. Kit is later executed for his crimes, while Holly receives probation, in 1970, Malick, at age 27, began working on the screenplay during a road trip. I wrote and, at the time, developed a kind of sales kit with slides and video tape of actors, all with a view to presenting investors with something that would look ready to shoot. To my surprise, they didnt pay too much attention to it, I raised about half the money and executive producer Edward Pressman the other half. Malick paid $25,000 of his own funds, the remainder of his share was raised from professionals such as doctors and dentists. Badlands was the first feature film that Malick had written for himself to direct, principal photography took place in the summer of 1972, beginning in July, with a non-union crew and a low budget of $300,000. The film had a troubled production history, several members of the crew clashed with Malick. The Frank G. Bloom House in Trinidad, Colorado was used for the mans house where Kit
Badlands (movie)
–
Badlands promotional poster
37.
Martin Sheen
–
Other notable films in Sheens career include Gandhi, Gettysburg, The Departed, and The Amazing Spider-Man. He also starred in the television series The West Wing as President Josiah Bartlet, in film, Sheen has won the Best Actor award at the San Sebastián International Film Festival for his performance as Kit Carruthers in Badlands. Willard in Apocalypse Now earned a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Sheen received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1989. Born and raised in the United States by immigrant parents, he adopted the stage name Martin Sheen to help him gain acting parts and he is the father of four children, all of whom are actors. Although known as an actor, Sheen also has directed one film, Cadence, appearing alongside sons Charlie, Sheen has narrated, produced, and directed documentary television, earning two Daytime Emmy awards in the 1980s. In addition to film and television, Sheen has been active in liberal politics, Sheen was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of Mary-Ann and Francisco Estévez Martínez. During birth, Sheens left arm was crushed by forceps, giving him limited lateral movement of that arm, both of Sheens parents were immigrants, his mother from Borrisokane, County Tipperary, Ireland, and his father was born in Salceda de Caselas, Galicia, Spain. After moving to Dayton in the 1930s, his father was a factory worker/machinery inspector at the National Cash Register Company, Sheen grew up on Brown Street in the South Park neighborhood, one of ten children. Due to his fathers work, the family lived in Bermuda on St. Johns Road, Pembroke, Martin was the first child to be born in Dayton, Ohio, after the family returned from Bermuda. Sheen contracted polio as a child and had to remain bedridden for a year and his doctors treatment using Sister Kennys method helped cure him and he regained use of his legs. When he was years old, Sheens mother died. The family was able to remain together with the assistance of Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Dayton, raised as a Catholic, he graduated from Chaminade High School. At fourteen years, he organized a strike of golf caddies while working at a golf club in Dayton. He complained about the golfers, They often used obscene language in front of us and we were little boys and they were abusive. And they, for the most part, were upstanding members of the community, Sheen was drawn to acting at a young age, but his father disapproved of his interest in the field. Despite his fathers opposition, Sheen borrowed money from a Catholic priest and moved to New York City in his early twenties and he spent two years in the Living Theatre company. It was in New York that he met the legendary Catholic activist Dorothy Day, Sheen deliberately failed the entrance examination for the University of Dayton so that he could pursue his acting career. He adopted his name, Martin Sheen, from a combination of the CBS casting director, Robert Dale Martin, who gave him his first big break
Martin Sheen
–
Martin Sheen in 2008
Martin Sheen
–
Hawaii Five-O:
Diana Muldaur with Sheen guest-starring on the third season episode, "Time and Memories" (1970)
Martin Sheen
–
Sheen at the
1990 Cannes Film Festival
Martin Sheen
–
Martin Sheen at an anti-war protest in October 2007
38.
Telekinetic
–
Psychokinesis, or telekinesis, is an alleged psychic ability allowing a person to influence a physical system without physical interaction. Psychokinesis experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls, there is no convincing evidence that psychokinesis is a real phenomenon, and the topic is generally regarded as pseudoscience. The word psychokinesis was coined in 1914 by American author Henry Holt in his book On the Cosmic Relations. The term is a blend or portmanteau of the Greek language words ψυχή – meaning mind, soul, spirit, or breath – and κίνησις – meaning motion. Rhine coined the term extra-sensory perception to describe receiving information paranormally from an external source, following this, he used the term psychokinesis in 1934 to describe mentally influencing external objects or events without the use of physical energy. His initial example of psychokinesis was experiments that were conducted to determine whether a person could influence the outcome of falling dice. The word telekinesis, a portmanteau of the Greek τῆλε – meaning distance –, in September 2006, a survey about belief in various religious and paranormal topics conducted by phone and mail-in questionnaire polled 1,721 Americans on their belief in telekinesis. Of these participants, 28% of male participants and 31% of female participants selected agree or strongly agree with the statement, It is possible to influence the world through the mind alone. Some phenomena – such as apports, levitation, materialization, psychic healing, pyrokinesis, retrocausality, telekinesis, in 2016, Caroline Watt stated Overall, the majority of academic parapsychologists do not find the evidence compelling in favour of macro-PK. There have been claimants of psychokinetic ability throughout history, angelique Cottin known as the Electric Girl of France was an alleged generator of PK activity. Cottin and her family claimed that she produced electric emanations that allowed her to pieces of furniture. Spiritualist mediums have also claimed psychokinetic abilities, eusapia Palladino, an Italian medium, could allegedly cause objects to move during séances. However, she was caught levitating a table with her foot by the magician Joseph Rinn, other alleged PK mediums that were exposed as frauds, include Anna Rasmussen and Maria Silbert. A photograph of her taken in 1909, which shows a pair of floating in between her hands, is often found in books and other publications as an example of telekinesis. Scientists suspected Tomczyk performed her feats by the use of a thread or hair. This was confirmed when psychical researchers who tested Tomczyk occasionally observed the thread, annemarie Schaberl, a 19-year-old secretary, was said to have telekinetic powers by the parapsychologist Hans Bender in the Rosenheim Poltergeist case in the 1960s. Magicians and scientists who investigated the case suspected the phenomena were produced by trickery, the Russian psychic Nina Kulagina came to wide public attention following the publication of Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeders best seller, Psychic Discoveries Behind The Iron Curtain. The alleged Soviet psychic of the late 1960s and early 1970s was filmed apparently performing telekinesis while seated in numerous short films
Telekinetic
–
Artist conception of alleged spontaneous psychokinesis from 1911 French magazine La Vie Mysterieuse.
Telekinetic
–
The
medium Eva Carrière photographed in 1912 with a light appearing between her hands.
Telekinetic
–
Eusapia Palladino "levitates" a table while researcher
Alexander Aksakof (right) monitors for fraud, Milan, 1892.
Telekinetic
–
Spirit photography hoaxer Édouard Isidore Buguet (1840-1901) of France fakes telekinesis in this 1875
cabinet card photograph titled Fluidic Effect.
39.
Vaseline
–
Vaseline /ˈvæsəˌliːn/ is a brand of petroleum jelly-based products owned by Anglo-Dutch company Unilever. Products include plain petroleum jelly and a selection of skin creams, soaps, lotions, cleansers, in many languages, the word Vaseline is used as generic for petroleum jelly, in Portuguese and some Spanish-speaking countries, the Unilever products are called Vasenol. The first known reference to the name Vaseline was by the inventor of petroleum jelly, I, Robert Chesebrough, have invented a new and useful product from petroleum which I have named Vaseline. The name vaseline is said by the manufacturer to be derived from German Wasser water + Greek έλαιον olive oil. In 1859, Chesebrough went to the oil fields in Titusville, Pennsylvania, the oil workers had been using the substance to heal cuts and burns. Chesebrough took samples of the rod wax back to Brooklyn, extracted the usable petroleum jelly, Vaseline was made by the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company until the company was purchased by Unilever in 1987. While Vaseline can be used as a lubricant, it can also be used as an insulator for local skin conditions characterized by tissue dehydration. Vaseline can help protect minor cuts and burns, media related to Vaseline at Wikimedia Commons Official website
Vaseline
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An image from Vaseline company archives.
Vaseline
40.
Sailor dress
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A sailor dress is a childs or womans dress that follows the styling of the sailor suit, particularly the bodice and collar treatment. A sailor-collared blouse is called a middy blouse, in early 20th century America, sailor dresses were very popularly known as Peter Thomson dresses after the former naval tailor credited with creating the style. Peter Thomson had tailoring establishments in New York and Philadelphia in around 1900, the Peter Thomson dress was made from cotton or linen for summer wear, or wool in winter. It was promoted as a costume or uniform for female students and schoolchildren. By 1919, the Peter Thomson dress was regarded as an option for school uniform. Peter Thomson styling was applied to the bodices of early bathing costumes. Dresses with sailor styling were known before the Peter Thomson design took hold, in Sweden in 1887, a sailor dress with natural waist and pleated skirt was among the designs promoted by the dress reform movement as appropriate for young girls. Although sailor styling is seen on womens dresses, since the mid-20th century it is mainly associated with dresses for babies
Sailor dress
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Two girls in sailor dresses, ca. 1910
41.
Phantom of the Paradise
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Phantom of the Paradise is a 1974 American musical rock opera horror comedy film written and directed by Brian De Palma, and scored by and starring Paul Williams. In the film, a composer writes his music for a woman he loves so that she will perform his music. However, a record producer betrays him and steals his music to open his rock palace, betrayed, the composer dons a new appearance and exacts revenge on the producer. It co-stars William Finley and Jessica Harper, initially, the film was a box office failure and received negative reviews, however it earned praise for its music, receiving Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations. Over the years, the film has received more positive reviews and has become a cult film. Swan believes Winslows music perfect to open The Paradise – Swans highly anticipated new concert hall – and has his right-hand man Arnold Philbin steal it under the guise of producing him. One month later, Winslow goes to Swans Death Records to follow up about his music but is thrown out and he sneaks into Swans private mansion and observes several women rehearsing his music for an audition. One is Phoenix, a singer, who Winslow deems perfect for his music. Winslow realizes Swans plan to open the Paradise with his music after he is out again. In response, Winslow disguises himself as a woman to sneak in, Swan has Winslow beaten up and framed for drug dealing. After a breakdown Winslow escapes prison in a box and breaks into the Death Records building. A guard startles Winslow as he is destroying the records and presses, causing him to slip and fall face first into a record press, which crushes and burns his face and destroys his vocal cords. A disoriented, and now deformed, Winslow sneaks into the Paradise costume department and dons a long, black cape and he terrorizes Swan and his musicians and nearly kills The Beach Bums. The Phantom confronts Swan who recognizes him as Winslow and offers the composer a chance to have his music produced his way, in a specially built recording studio, Swan provides the Phantom with an electronic voice-box, enabling him to speak and sing. Swan asks Winslow to rewrite his cantata with Phoenix in mind for the lead, although Winslow agrees and signs a contract in blood, Swan breaks the deal by telling Philbin that he resents Phoenixs perfection for the role. The Phantom completes Faust, but Swan replaces Phoenix with a pill-popping male glam rock Prima donna named Beef in the lead of Winslows Faust, Swan steals the completed cantata and seals the Phantom inside the recording studio with a brick wall. Winslow escapes and confronts Beef and threatens to kill him if he performs, Beef tries to flee, but is convinced by Philbin to stay and play with the band The Undeads a glam/Goth act who all resemble Cesare the Somnambulist from The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. As Beef performs, the Phantom, hidden in the rafters, horrified, Philbin orders Phoenix onstage and Phoenix is an immediate sensation
Phantom of the Paradise
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Theatrical release poster
42.
Alan Rudolph
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Alan Steven Rudolph is an American film director and screenwriter. Rudolph was born in Los Angeles, the son of Oscar Rudolph and he was a protégé of Robert Altman and worked as an assistant director on his adaptation of Raymond Chandlers The Long Goodbye and later Nashville. Rudolphs films focus upon isolated and eccentric characters and their relationships and he has written almost all of his films, and repeatedly has worked with actors Keith Carradine and Geneviève Bujold, and composer Mark Isham. Trouble in Mind featured Kris Kristofferson as well as Bujold, Carradine, the film was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1990, Rudolph wrote and directed the private eye love story Love at Large which was filmed in Portland, breakfast of Champions was an adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts metafictional novel, with Albert Finney as the wildly prolific but terminally under-appreciated science fiction writer Kilgore Trout. The film was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival, in April 2008, Rudolph presented a solo show of paintings at Gallery Fraga, Bainbridge Island, Washington. Premonition Nightmare Circus Welcome to L. A
Alan Rudolph
–
Alan Rudolph at 44th
KVIFF
43.
Welcome to LA
–
Welcome to L. A. is a 1976 film directed by Alan Rudolph and starring Keith Carradine. Barber is a womanizer who cannot commit or love and is used to illustrate the loneliness inherent in big-city life. Barber is a songwriter of mediocre talent, who is supported financially, with enthusiasm. An inveterate womanizer, he has affairs with the estate agent who found his apartment, and whose husband. He also beds the wife of the businessman, who is the C. O. O. of his dads successful dairy, Barber even includes his fathers mistress among his conquests. Kroll also considered Rudolphs work with Robert Altman, hes gone beyond even Altmans example in shaping a film from a design concept. Furthermore, he praised Rudolph for creating a Los Angeles thats shimmering Xanadu of psychic uncertainty, mirrors reassemble people into soulless human collages. The swoosh of Huttons ever-present Nikon sounds like a little guillotine beheading reality, the quavering cadences of Baskins music evoke both the sweetness and self-indulgence of Carroll Barber. Cinematographer Dave Myers works like the new realist painters, capturing a metropolis of burnished surfaces that seems to dissolve the will in an amber nullity of light, geraldine Chaplin was nominated for a British Academy Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. Welcome To L. A. at the Internet Movie Database
Welcome to LA
–
Welcome to L.A.
44.
Pinky Rose
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3 Women is a 1977 American avant-garde drama film written and directed by Robert Altman, and starring Shelley Duvall, Sissy Spacek and Janice Rule. It depicts the bizarre, mysterious relationship between a woman and her roommate and co-worker in a dusty, underpopulated Californian desert town. The story came directly from a dream Altman had, which he adapted into a treatment, 20th Century Fox financed the project on the basis of Altmans past work, and a screenplay was completed before filming. The film was screened at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival and it received positive reviews and a few awards, including the Cannes Best Actress Award for Duvall. Interpretation of the film has involved use of psychoanalysis and discussion of identity, Pinky Rose, a timid and awkward young woman, begins a job at a health spa for the elderly in a small California desert town. There, she becomes enamored of Millie Lammoreaux, a confident, both natives of Texas, the two begin to develop a friendship and, in spite of their stark personality differences, decide to become roommates. Pinky moves in with Millie at the Purple Sage Apartments, owned by a cowboy, Edgar Hart, and his wife Willie. Millie takes Pinky along on her visits to Dodge City, a local tavern and shooting range also owned by Willie. Tensions begin to rise between Pinky and Millie over their living situation. One night, when Millie prepares a party for friends who fail to show up, she gets into a fight with Pinky and leaves the apartment, only to return with a drunk Edgar. Pinky, distraught, jumps off the apartment balcony into the swimming pool, Pinky survives the suicide attempt but goes into a coma. Millie, feeling responsible, begins to visit Pinky daily, when Pinky still doesnt wake up, Millie contacts and invites Pinkys parents in Texas to see if their presence will awaken her. She wakes up, but does not recognize her parents and furiously demands that they leave, Millie becomes increasingly frustrated by Pinkys imitative shift in personality, and begins to exhibit Pinkys timid and submissive personality herself. The two drive to Edgar and Willies farmhouse, where Willie is alone and in labor and her baby is stillborn, as Pinky does not seek medical help during the delivery as Millie told her to. The film ends with Pinky and Millie, who are now working at Dodge City, a vendor at the tavern refers to Edgars gun accident when talking to Millie. Pinky appears to have reverted to her timidity, she refers to Millie as her mother. Pinky and Millie leave the tavern and walk to Willies farmhouse, the final shot pans to a pile of tires buried in the dirt, implied to be Edgars resting place. Director Robert Altman conceived of the idea for 3 Women while his wife was being treated in a hospital, and he was deeply concerned as to whether she would die
Pinky Rose
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Theatrical poster
45.
Robert Altman
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Robert Bernard Altman was an American film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in American cinema and his style of filmmaking was unique among directors, in that his subjects covered most genres, but with a subversive twist that typically relies on satire and humor to express his personal vision. Altman developed a reputation for being anti-Hollywood and non-conformist in both his themes and directing style, however, actors especially enjoyed working under his direction because he encouraged them to improvise, thereby inspiring their own creativity. He preferred large ensemble casts for his films, and developed a recording technique which produced overlapping dialogue from multiple actors. This produced a natural, more dynamic, and more complex experience for the viewer. He also used highly mobile camera work and zoom lenses to enhance the activity taking place on the screen, critic Pauline Kael, writing about his directing style, said that Altman could make film fireworks out of next to nothing. In 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized Altmans body of work with an Academy Honorary Award and he never won a competitive Oscar despite five nominations. His films MASH, McCabe & Mrs. Miller, and Nashville have been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Altman is one of the few filmmakers whose films have won the Golden Bear at Berlin, the Golden Lion at Venice, and the Golden Palm at Cannes. Altmans ancestry was German, English and Irish, his grandfather, Frank Altman. Altman had a Catholic upbringing, but he did not continue to follow or practice the religion as an adult, although he has referred to as a sort of Catholic. He was educated at Jesuit schools, including Rockhurst High School and he graduated from Wentworth Military Academy in Lexington, Missouri in 1943. In 1943 Altman joined the United States Army Air Forces at the age of 18, during World War II, Altman flew more than 50 bombing missions as a crewman on a B-24 Liberator with the 307th Bomb Group in Borneo and the Dutch East Indies. Upon his discharge in 1946, Altman moved to California and he worked in publicity for a company that had invented a tattooing machine to identify dogs. He entered filmmaking on a whim, selling a script to RKO for the 1948 picture Bodyguard, Altmans immediate success encouraged him to move to New York City, where he attempted to forge a career as a writer. Having enjoyed little success, in 1949 he returned to Kansas City, in February 2012, an early Calvin film directed by Altman, Modern Football, was found by filmmaker Gary Huggins. Altman directed some 65 industrial films and documentaries before being hired by a businessman in 1956 to write. The film, titled The Delinquents, made for $60,000, was purchased by United Artists for $150,000, while primitive, this teen exploitation film contained the foundations of Altmans later work in its use of casual, naturalistic dialogue
Robert Altman
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Altman in 1983
Robert Altman
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Theatrical release poster for M*A*S*H (1970)
Robert Altman
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Altman at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival
46.
David Lynch
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David Keith Lynch is an American director, screenwriter, producer, painter, musician, and photographer. He has been described by The Guardian as the most important director of this era, allMovie called him the Renaissance man of modern American filmmaking, while the success of his films has led to him being labelled the first popular Surrealist. He moved to Los Angeles, where he produced his first motion picture, meanwhile, Lynch embraced the Internet as a medium, producing several web-based shows, such as the animated DumbLand and the surreal sitcom Rabbits. Lynch has received three Academy Award nominations for Best Director and a nomination for best screenplay. He has won Frances César Award for Best Foreign Film twice, as well as the Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival, the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor, the countrys top civilian honor, as a Chevalier in 2002 and then an Officier in 2007. Blue Velvet and Mulholland Drive are widely considered by critics to be among the greatest films of their respective decades, Lynch was born in Missoula, Montana on January 20,1946. His father, Donald Walton Lynch, was a research scientist working for the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Lynchs maternal great-grandparents were Finnish, and had immigrated to the United States from Finland in the 19th century. The Lynch family often moved around according to where the USDA assigned Donald and it was here that Lynchs sister Martha was born. The family then moved to Durham, North Carolina, then Boise, Idaho, Lynch found this transitory early life relatively easy to adjust to, noting that he found it fairly easy to meet new friends whenever he started attending a new school. Commenting on much of his life, Lynch has remarked, Alongside his schooling, Lynch joined the Boy Scouts, although he would later note that he only became so I could quit. He rose to the highest rank of Eagle Scout and it was through being an Eagle Scout that he was present with other Boy Scouts outside of the White House at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy, which took place on Lynchs birthday in 1961. They had some hopes that in Europe they could train with the expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka at his school. Upon reaching Salzburg, however, they found that he was not available and, Back in the United States, Lynch returned to Virginia, but since his parents had moved to Walnut Creek, California, he stayed with his friend Toby Keeler for a while. He decided to move to the city of Philadelphia and enroll at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, after advice from Jack Fisk and it was here that he began a relationship with a fellow student, Peggy Reavey, and they were married in 1967. The following year, Peggy gave birth to their daughter Jennifer, later describing this situation, Peggy stated that definitely was a reluctant father, but a very loving one. Hey, I was pregnant when we got married, later describing living there, Lynch stated that We lived cheap, but the city was full of fear. A kid was shot to death down the street and we were robbed twice, had windows shot out and a car stolen. The house was first broken into three days after we moved in
David Lynch
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Lynch in 2009
David Lynch
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Screenshot from
Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times). The film was an animation based upon Lynch's paintings.
David Lynch
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Lynch's Eraserhead, featuring Henry Spencer (
Jack Nance)
David Lynch
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Lynch at the 1990
Emmy Awards ceremony
47.
Eraserhead
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Eraserhead is a 1977 American surrealist body horror film written, produced, and directed by filmmaker David Lynch. Shot in black-and-white, Eraserhead is Lynchs first feature-length film, coming after several short works, the film was produced with the assistance of the American Film Institute during the directors time studying there. Throughout the film, Spencer experiences dreams or hallucinations, featuring his child, Eraserhead spent several years in principal photography because of the difficulty of funding the film, donations from Fisk and his wife Sissy Spacek kept production afloat. The film was shot on several locations owned by the AFI in California, including Greystone Mansion, Lynch and sound designer Alan Splet spent a year working on the films audio after their studio was soundproofed. The films soundtrack features music by Fats Waller and includes the song In Heaven. Initially opening to small audiences and little interest, Eraserhead gained popularity over several runs as a midnight movie. Since its release, the film has earned positive reviews, the surrealist imagery and sexual undercurrents have been seen as key thematic elements, and the intricate sound design as its technical highlight. Thematic analysis of the film has also highlighted these issues and has elaborated on Spencers fatalism, in 2004, the film was preserved in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The Man in the Planet pulls levers in his home in space, a giant spermatozoon-like creature emerges from Spencers mouth, floating into the void. The Man in the Planet appears to control the creature with his levers, in an industrial cityscape, Spencer walks home with his groceries. He is stopped outside his apartment by the Beautiful Girl Across the Hall, Spencer leaves his groceries in his apartment, which is filled with piles of dirt and dead vegetation. That night, Spencer visits Xs home, conversing awkwardly with her mother, at the dinner table, he is asked to carve a chicken that Xs talkative father, Bill has made, the bird writhes on the plate and gushes blood. After dinner, Spencer is cornered by Xs mother, who tries to kiss him and she tells him that X has had his child and that the two must marry. X, however, is not sure if what she bore is a child, the couple move into Spencers one-room apartment and begin caring for the child—a swaddled bundle with an inhuman, snakelike face, resembling the spermatozoon-like creature. The infant refuses all food, crying incessantly and intolerably, the sound drives X hysterical, and she leaves Spencer and the child. Spencer attempts to care for the child, and he learns that it struggles to breathe and has developed painful sores. Spencer begins experiencing visions, again seeing the Man in the Planet, as well as the Lady in the Radiator, soon afterwards, Spencers head sinks into a pool of blood and falls from the sky, landing on a street below. A boy finds it, bringing it to a factory to be turned into erasers
Eraserhead
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Film poster
Eraserhead
–
The works of
Franz Kafka (left) and
Nikolai Gogol (right) influenced Eraserhead 's script.
Eraserhead
Eraserhead
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It has been speculated that Lynch may have used a rabbit to create Spencer's alien-like baby.
48.
Patsy Cline
–
Patsy Cline was an American country music singer. Part of the late 1950s/early 1960s Nashville sound, Cline successfully crossed over to pop music and was one of the most influential, successful and she died at the age of 30 in a multiple-fatality crash of the private plane of her manager, Randy Hughes. Cline was known for her tone, emotionally expressive and bold contralto voice. Along with Kitty Wells, she helped pave the way for women as performers in the genre. Books, movies, documentaries, articles and stage plays document her life, millions of her records have sold since her death. She won awards and accolades, causing many to view her as an icon at the level of Jim Reeves, Johnny Cash, in 1973, ten years after her death, she became the first female solo artist inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. In 1999, she was voted number 11 on VH1s special, The 100 Greatest Women in Rock and Roll, by members, according to her 1973 Country Music Hall of Fame plaque, Her heritage of timeless recordings is testimony to her artistic capacity. She was born Virginia Patterson Hensley on September 8,1932, in Winchester, Virginia and she was the eldest child of seamstress Hilda Virginia and blacksmith Samuel Lawrence Hensley. She soon had a brother and sister, Samuel Jr. They were known in the family as Ginny, John, the family moved often before finally settling in Winchester, Virginia, when Patsy was eight. Sam Hensley deserted his family in 1947, but the home was reportedly happy nonetheless. Cline was introduced to music at an age, singing in church with her mother. She liked stars such as Kay Starr, Jo Stafford, Hank Williams, Judy Garland, self-taught, she could not read music. When Patsy was thirteen, she was hospitalized with a throat infection, the fever affected my throat and when I recovered I had this booming voice like Kate Smith. After watching performers through the window at the radio station, she asked WINC disc jockey. Her performance in 1947 was well received, and she was asked back and this led to appearances at local nightclubs, wearing fringed Western outfits her mother made from Patsys designs. Cline performed in variety and talent shows in the Winchester and Tri-State areas, along with this and increasing local radio appearances on local radio, she gained a large following. In 1954 Jimmy Dean, already a young star, heard of her
Patsy Cline
–
Patsy Cline at
4 Star Records in March 1957
Patsy Cline
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Cline's home in Winchester, Virginia. She lived here from age 16 to 21.
Patsy Cline
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Cline promotional photograph shortly before her 1961 life-threatening car accident
Patsy Cline
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Patsy Cline aircraft crash site, Camden, Tennessee
49.
Roger Ebert
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Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert giving an interview for
Sound Opinions in 2006
Roger Ebert
–
Roger Ebert (right) with
Russ Meyer in 1970.
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert and his wife Chaz Hammelsmith Ebert (left) giving the thumbs up to
Nancy Kwan (right) at the
Hawaii International Film Festival on October 20, 2010
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert (right) at the
Conference on World Affairs in September 2002, shortly after his cancer diagnosis
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