Solipsism
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Solipsism is the philosophical position that only one's own mind is certain to exist. It holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind, including the external world and other minds, is uncer
1727 portrait of George Berkeley by John Smibert
Epistemology
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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called the theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional
Solipsism
…solipsists consider this an "unresolvable" question. Methodological solipsism is an agnostic variant of solipsism. It exists in opposition to the strict epistemological requirements for "knowledge" (e.g. the requirement that knowledge must be certain). It still entertains the points that any induction is fallible…
Bertrand Russell originated the distinction between propositional knowledge and knowledge by acquaintance.
The analytic–synthetic distinction has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.
Alvin Goldman was an influential defender of externalism.
René Descartes used methodological doubt to seek certain foundations for philosophy.