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Sophronius of Jerusalem
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Sophronius, called Sophronius the Sophist, was the Greek Patriarch of the city known as Aelia Capitolina and then Jerusalem from 634 until his death. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox
Athonite fresco icon of Saint Sophronios of Jerusalem, 14th—15th century
Athonite fresco icon of Saint Sophronios of Jerusalem, 14th—15th century
Umar
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Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic
Sophronius of Jerusalem
…essential nature of Jesus and his volitional acts. He is also renowned for the negotiation of the surrender of Aelia Capitolina to the Rashid caliph Umar in 637/8. Sophronius was born in Damascus around 560. He has been claimed to be of Byzantine Greek or Syriac descent. Sophronius became an ascetic in…
Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Sasanid style coins during the Rashidun period, featuring a crescent-star, fire altar, depictions of Khosrow II, and an Arabic bismillāh in the margin
Sasanid style coins during the Rashidun period, featuring a crescent-star, fire altar, depictions of Khosrow II, and an Arabic bismillāh in the margin). Unlike known historical figures such as Ibn Zubayr and Mu'awiya I, there are no coins minted in the name of these caliphs that could be evidence of political sovereignty.[citation needed]
19th-century colored engraving depicting Umar's entrance into Jerusalem in 638.
19th-century colored engraving depicting Umar's entrance into Jerusalem in 638.
Early 20th-century depiction of (Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf or Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr) witnessing the purported conspiracy of Abu Lu'lu'a, Hormuzan, and
Early 20th-century depiction of (Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf or Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr) witnessing the purported conspiracy of Abu Lu'lu'a, Hormuzan, and Jufayna (wrongly depicted here as a woman; the depiction of the murder weapon may also be wrong) refers to Jufayna as "al-Naṣrānī", indicating that he was a man. Moreover, while the murder weapon seems to be depicted here as a split-blade sword (like Zulfiqar), describes it as "a unique dagger", having "two pointed sharp edges, with a handle in the middle". The picture is taken from