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The entire wiki reimagined as a visual magazine with video discovery · Watch your interests come alive
WikiVisually
The entire wiki reimagined as a visual magazine with video discovery · Watch your interests come alive
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Southern Ocean overturning circulation
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Southern Ocean overturning circulation is the southern half of a global thermohaline circulation, which connects different water basins across the global ocean. Its better-known northern counterpart i
A schematic overview of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation. The arrows point in the direction of the water movement. The lower cell of the cir
A schematic overview of the Southern Ocean overturning circulation. The arrows point in the direction of the water movement. The lower cell of the circulation is depicted by the upwelling arrows south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water beneath the sea ice of Antarctica due to buoyancy loss. The upper cell is depicted by the upwelling arrows north of the ACC and the formation of lighter Antarctic Intermediate water due to buoyancy gain north of the ACC.
3D representation of North Atlantic Deep Water upwelling in the Southern Ocean basin, which closes the connection between the Atlantic and Southern ci
3D representation of North Atlantic Deep Water upwelling in the Southern Ocean basin, which closes the connection between the Atlantic and Southern circulation, and takes place along the defined pathways with limited mixing.
The role of seasonal meltwater from the Antarctic ice sheet in driving the lower-cell circulation.
The role of seasonal meltwater from the Antarctic ice sheet in driving the lower-cell circulation.
Antarctic ice sheet
Videos
The Antarctic ice sheet is a continental glacier covering 98% of the Antarctic continent, with an area of 14 million square kilometres and an average thickness of over 2 kilometres. It is the largest
South facing visualization of the Antarctic ice sheet from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (West Antarctic Ice Sheet, foreground; Antarctic P
South facing visualization of the Antarctic ice sheet from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (West Antarctic Ice Sheet, foreground; Antarctic Peninsula, to the left; East Antarctic Ice Sheet, background).
Parts of East Antarctica (marked in blue) are the only places on Earth to experience negative greenhouse effect regularly during certain months of the
Parts of East Antarctica (marked in blue) are the only places on Earth to experience negative greenhouse effect regularly during certain months of the year. At greater warming levels, the effect is likely to disappear because of increasing concentrations of water vapor over Antarctica.
Antarctic surface temperature trends, in °C per decade. Red represents areas where temperatures have increased the most since the 1950s.
Antarctic surface temperature trends, in °C per decade. Red represents areas where temperatures have increased the most since the 1950s.
East Antarctica cooled in the 1980s and the 1990s even as West Antarctica warmed (left-hand side). That trend largely reversed in the 2000s and the 20
East Antarctica cooled in the 1980s and the 1990s even as West Antarctica warmed (left-hand side). That trend largely reversed in the 2000s and the 2010s (right-hand side).