1.
American Southwest Conference
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The American Southwest Conference is a college athletic conference, founded in 1996, whose member schools compete in the NCAAs Division III. The schools are located in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi, the American Southwest Conference shares operates from the same headquarters complex in the Dallas suburb of Richardson as the Lone Star Conference. The American Southwest Conference was announced in May 1996, the new league included some former members of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Centenary departed at the end of the 2011-12 season after joining the ASC in that season, Schreiner. In 2012, McMurry left the ASC and completed the process of reclassifying to a full-scholarship, Division II institution, additionally, Mississippi College announced that it would be also leaving the conference and reclassifying to Division II in 2014. Mississippi College will re-join the Gulf South Conference, a league that it had been a member of until 1996, the conference has not announced a plan to maintain its automatic bid. ASC officials announced on March 13,2014 the forthcoming addition of McMurry University, on December 3,2015, ASC officials reported that Texas Lutheran University and Southwestern University would join the conference for football in 2017 as football-only members. Both schools are members of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference, austin College and Trinity University, have announced they will play football in the Southern Athletic Association beginning with the 2017 season. The SCAC will no longer offer football as a sport after the 2016 season. Notes 1 - McMurry left the ASC to join the NCAA Division II ranks, * - The schools are divided into two divisions, East and West. * - Texas Lutheran University rejoins the conference for football only in 2017, * Texas Lutheran University rejoined the ASC for football in 2016
2.
Southwestern Athletic Conference
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The Southwestern Athletic Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, which is made up of historically black universities in the Southern United States. It participates in the NCAAs Division I for all sports, in football, it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision, still frequently referred to by its former designation of Division I-AA. The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with sports teams. In 1994, the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games, in 1920, athletic officials from six Texas HBCUs — C. H. Fuller of Bishop College, Red Randolph and C. H, patterson of Paul Quinn College, E. G. Evans, H. J. Evans and H. J. Starns of Prairie View A&M, D. C. Fuller of Texas College and G. Whitte Jordan of Wiley College — met in Houston, Texas, to discuss common interests. At this meeting, they agreed to form a new league, Paul Quinn became the first of the original members to withdraw from the league in 1929. When Langston University of Oklahoma was admitted into the two years later, it began the migration of state-supported institutions into the SWAC. Southern University entered the ranks in 1934, followed by Arkansas AM&N in 1936, the enter-exit cycle continued in 1961 when Texas College withdrew, followed by the admittance of Alcorn A&M in 1962. Wiley left in 1968, the same year Mississippi Valley State College entered, Arkansas AM&N exited in 1970 and Alabama State University entered in 1982. Arkansas–Pine Bluff rejoined the SWAC on July 1,1997, regaining full-member status one year later, Alabama A&M University became the conference’s tenth member when it became a full member in September,1999 after a one-year period as an affiliate SWAC member. Most of the former SWAC members that have left the conference are currently a part of the Red River Athletic Conference of the NAIA, the SWAC is one of two conferences – the other being the Ivy League – that does not participate in the FCS football playoffs. The SWAC instead splits its schools into two divisions, and plays a conference championship game, the SWAC has occasionally been a participant in bowl games, the most recent being the Celebration Bowl, which features the SWAC as one of its tie-ins. Current championship competition offered by the SWAC includes competition for men in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field and tennis. Women’s competition is offered in the sports of basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball. Note Arkansas–Pine Bluff was a member of the SWAC from 1936 to 1970 as Arkansas AM&N before re-joining in the 1997-98 academic season, note - Upon the closure of Bishop College, Paul Quinn College relocated from Waco to Dallas and re-established itself at the Bishop College campus. - Huston–Tillotson University was formerly known as Samuel Huston College, in 1933 Langston appeared to win the title outright with a 4-0 conference record after the regular season, while Wiley finished 4-1, and Prairie View A&M finished 3-1. Langston was invited to the Prairie View Bowl, which was won by Prairie View, the Panthers subsequently declared themselves SWAC champions even though their claim was based on a postseason game
3.
Southwestern Conference (Ohio)
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The Southwestern Conference is an OHSAA-sponsored athletic league whose members are located in Cuyahoga and Lorain counties, mainly southwest of the city of Cleveland. The league was formed in 1937, for the 2013-2014 school year, Midpark High School merged with Berea High School to form the Berea-Midpark Titans. The Berea High School building will be used for grades 10-12, avon High School was approved to join the SWC in 2015-16 to accommodate the Berea-Midpark merger. Lakewood and Midview will also join the SWC in 2015-16, in September 2013, Brecksville-Broadview Heights was invited to join the Suburban League for the 2015-16 school year, which they accepted after a board vote. In October 2013, North Ridgeville agreed to join the SWC as a replacement for Brecksville-Broadview Heights in 2015-16
4.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
5.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
6.
NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
7.
South Central United States
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The South Central United States or South Central states is a region of the United States located in the south central part of the country. It evolved out of the Old Southwest, which originally was literally the western U. S. South, the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas are almost always considered the core of the region. As part of the East South Central States sub-group of the Census Bureau classification, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, at the highest extent, Kansas, and Missouri, may be included by some sources. All or parts these states are in the Central Time Zone, at different and changing points in time, all of the above states were/are considered part of the West in American history. The climate varies from the semi-tropical in the Mississippi Delta, South Louisiana, the southeastern portions include the Appalachian mountains in Alabama and Tennessee and the Piney Woods of East Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas and the Mississippi Delta. A large portion of the quarter of the region is mountainous, with the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. The northwest quarter of the region is dominated by the Great Plains which become progressively drier west of 1, 000° W, forming the North American Llano Estacado. The southwestern portions border the Rio Grande, and are drier than other areas of the South Central United States. Texas is the largest South Central state by area and population. Texas is still home to half the regions population. The largest city in the region—Houston, is located in Texas, New Orleans was tied with Oklahoma City but, after Hurricane Katrina, the population of the New Orleans metro area has declined to approximately 900,000. The history of the South Central states is dominated by the conflict, in the 17th and 18th centuries Spain and France maneuvered for control of Texas, with the Spanish based in Mexico and New Mexico and the French in Louisiana. The official West and East South Central states of Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky was often considered a non-official Confederate state. Oklahoma, although Indian Territory at the time, was home to 5 Native-American tribes, thus, all these states are usually considered to make up a large part of the American South both historically and culturally, as well as classified by the U. S. Census Bureau
8.
Dallas
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Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
9.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
10.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
11.
Oklahoma
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Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States, the states name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning red people. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged, on November 16,1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally Okies, and its capital, a major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. In 2007, it had one of the economies in the United States, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahomas primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas. With small mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather. The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people, equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was approved in 1890. Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles and it is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defines the placement of the Red River, the Oklahoma panhandles Western edge is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line, the border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian, in the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east and it was much easier to leave the mistake than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian, cimarron County in Oklahomas panhandle is the only county in the United States that touches four other states, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado and Kansas. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The states lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, Oklahoma, which dips to 289 feet above sea level
12.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
13.
Rice University
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William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a 295-acre campus in Houston, Texas, United States. The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center, Rice is generally considered the top university and the most selective institute of higher education in the state of Texas. Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is now a university with an undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on education is demonstrated by a student body and 6,1 student-faculty ratio. The university has a high level of research activity for its size. Rice is noted for its science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science. It was ranked first in the world in materials science research by the Times Higher Education in 2010, Rice is a member of the Association of American Universities. Graduate programs are offered through the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business, School of Architecture, Shepherd School of Music, Rice students are bound by the strict Honor Code, which is enforced by a student-run Honor Council. Rice competes in 14 NCAA Division I varsity sports and is a part of Conference USA, intramural and club sports are offered in a wide variety of activities such as jiu jitsu, water polo, and crew. In 1891, Rice decided to charter a free-tuition educational institute in Houston, bearing his name, to be created upon his death, Rices will specified the institution was to be a competitive institution of the highest grade and that only white students would be permitted to attend. On the morning of September 23,1900, Rice, age 84, was dead by his valet. Shortly thereafter, a large check made out to Rices New York City lawyer. The lawyer, Albert T. Patrick, then announced that Rice had changed his will to leave the bulk of his fortune to Patrick, rather than to the creation of Rices educational institute. Rices friend and personal lawyer in Houston, James A. Baker, Jones was not prosecuted since he cooperated with the district attorney, and testified against Patrick. Patrick was found guilty of conspiring to steal Rices fortune and convicted of murder in 1901, Baker helped Rices estate direct the fortune, worth $4.6 million in 1904, towards the founding of what was to be called the Rice Institute. The board took control of the assets on April 29 of that year and he came recommended by Princetons president, Woodrow Wilson. In 1908, Lovett accepted the challenge, and was inaugurated as the Institutes first president on October 12,1912. Lovett undertook extensive research before formalizing plans for the new Institute, Lovett called for the establishment of a university of the highest grade, an institution of liberal and technical learning devoted quite as much to investigation as to instruction
14.
Southern Methodist University
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Southern Methodist University is a private research university in Dallas, University Park, and Highland Park, Texas. Founded in 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, SMU operates satellite campuses in Plano, Texas, SMU is owned by the South Central Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church. Of the universitys 11,643 students,6,411 are undergraduates, the main campus of the university is divided into seven schools, including the Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, the Bobby B. The university was chartered on April 17,1911, by the five Annual Conferences in Texas of the Methodist Episcopal Church, classes were originally planned to start in 1913 but were postponed until 1915. SMU was established after the attempt to relocate Southwestern University from Georgetown, Texas, the first relocation effort by Polytechnic College president Hiram A. Boaz and spearheaded by Southwestern president Robert Stewart Hyer involved merging Southwestern with Polytechnic College. The post-merger university would retain the Southwestern name while occupying Polytechnics campus in Fort Worth, the merger never came to fruition, primarily because the Dallas Chamber of Commerce set up a committee to raise funds and entice Southwestern to relocate to Dallas. This proposal gained traction since Southwestern was operating a medical school in Dallas. Plans were drawn for the campuss first building, Memorial Hall, Southwesterns trustees rejected the relocation plan, prompting Hyers resignation and move to Dallas to establish Southern Methodist University. SMU retained close connections to Southwestern and Polytechnic, Southwestern president Hyer became SMUs first president and Hiram A. Boaz, a Southwestern graduate, resigned as president of Polytechnic to become SMUs second president. Polytechnic attempted to become a school of SMU before becoming a womens college. SMU acquired Southwesterns medical school in Dallas and operated it until 1915, Southwestern and SMU were athletic rivals until Southwestern became a small liberal arts college. The church decided to support the establishment of SMU and dramatically increase the size of Emory University at a new location in DeKalb County, at the 1914 meeting of the General Conference, SMU was designated the connectional institution for all Conferences west of the Mississippi River. Classes were planned to begin in 1913, but construction delays on the universitys first building prevented classes from starting until 1915. In the interim, the only functioning academic department at SMU was the college it had acquired from Southwestern University. SMU named its first building Dallas Hall in gratitude for the support of Dallas leaders and local citizens and it remains the universitys symbol and centerpiece. Designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge after the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, Dallas Hall opened its doors in 1915 and housed the university as well as a bank. It is registered in the National Register of Historic Places, SMUs nickname The Hilltop was inspired by Dallas Hall, which was built on a hill. The universitys first president, Robert Stewart Hyer, selected Harvard crimson, in 1927, Highland Park United Methodist Church, designed by architects Mark Lemmon and Roscoe DeWitt, was erected on campus
15.
Texas A&M University
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Texas A&M University is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States. It is a university and is a member of the Texas A&M University System. The systems endowment ranks in the top 10 in the nation, Texas A&Ms student body is the largest in Texas and one of the largest in the United States. In 2001, Texas A&M was inducted as a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities, the schools students, alumni–over 450,000 strong–and sports teams are known as Aggies. The Texas A&M Aggies athletes currently compete in 18 varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference, originally, the college taught no classes in agriculture, instead concentrating on classical studies, languages, literature, and applied mathematics. After four years, students could attain degrees in agriculture, civil and mechanical engineering. Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder in the 1960s, A&M desegregated, became coeducational, to reflect the institutions expanded roles and academic offerings, the Texas Legislature renamed the school to Texas A&M University in 1963. The letters A&M, originally short for Agricultural and Mechanical, are retained only as a link to the universitys past, the main campus is one of the largest in the United States, spanning 5,200 acres, and is home to the George Bush Presidential Library. About one-fifth of the student body lives on campus, Texas A&M has over 1,000 officially recognized student organizations. Many students also observe the traditions, which daily life, as well as special occasions. Working with agencies such as the Texas AgriLife Research and Texas AgriLife Extension Service, the university offers degrees in over 150 courses of study through ten colleges and houses 18 research institutes. As a Senior Military College, Texas A&M is one of six American public universities with a full-time, the U. S. Congress laid the groundwork for the establishment of Texas A&M in 1862 with the adoption of the Morrill Act. To promote the liberal and practical education of the classes in the several pursuits. In 1871, the Texas Legislature used these funds to establish the states first public institution of higher education, Brazos County donated 2,416 acres near Bryan, Texas, for the schools campus. Enrollment began on October 2,1876, six students enrolled on the first day, and classes officially began on October 4,1876, with six faculty members. During the first semester, enrollment increased to 48 students, admission was limited to white males, and all students were required to participate in the Corps of Cadets and receive military training. Although traditional Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets campusologies indicate 40 students began classes on October 4,1876, enrollment climbed to 258 students before declining to 108 students in 1883, the year the University of Texas opened in Austin, Texas. In the late 1880s, many Texas residents saw no need for two colleges in Texas and clamored for an end of Texas A. M. C
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Texas Christian University
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Texas Christian University is a private, coeducational university in Fort Worth, Texas established in 1873 by Addison & Randolph Clark as the AddRan Male & Female College. The campus is located on 272 acres about three miles from downtown Fort Worth, TCU is affiliated with, but not governed by, the Disciples of Christ. The university consists of 8 constituent colleges and schools and has a liberal arts curriculum. Its mascot is the frog, the state reptile of Texas. For most varsity sports TCU competes in the Big 12 conference of the NCAAs Division I, the university enrolls around 10,394, with 8,892 being undergraduates. As of February 2016, TCUs total endowment was $1.514 billion, Texas Christian University was founded by East Texas brothers Addison & Randolph Clark, together with the support of their father Joseph A. Clark. The Clarks were scholar-preacher/teachers associated with the Restoration Movement and these early leaders of the Restoration Movement were the spiritual ancestors of the modern Disciples of Christ, as well as major proponents of education. Following their return from service in the Civil War, brothers Addison and this school, known as the Male & Female Seminary of Fort Worth, operated from 1869 to 1874. Both Clarks nourished a vision for an institution of education that would be Christian in character. They purchased five blocks of land in downtown Fort Worth in 1869 for that purpose, but from 1867–1872, the character of Fort Worth changed substantially due to the commercial influence of the Chisholm Trail, the principal route for moving Texas cattle to the Kansas rail heads. A huge influx of cattle, men, and money transformed the frontier village into a booming, brawling cowtown. Its rough and rowdy reputation had, by 1872, acquired it the nickname of Hells Half Acre, the Clarks feared that this negative environment undermined the fledgling universitys mission. In 1873 the Clark brothers moved South and founded AddRan Male & Female College, TCU recognizes 1873 as its founding year, as it continues to preserve the original college through the AddRan College of Liberal Arts. AddRan College was one of the first coeducational institutions of higher education west of the Mississippi River, and this was a progressive step at a time when only 15% of the national college enrollment was female and almost all were enrolled at womens colleges. At Thorp Spring the fledgling university expanded quickly, the inaugural enrollment in Fall 1873 was 13 students, though this number rose to 123 by the end of the first term. Shortly thereafter, annual enrollment ranged from 200 to 400, at one time more than 100 counties of Texas were represented in the student body. The Clark brothers also recruited prestigious professors from all over the South to join them at Thorp Spring, the standards of the school and the efficiency of its work came to be recognized throughout the United States, and many graduates were welcomed at universities throughout the country. In 1889 AddRan College formed a partnership with what would become the Christian Church
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Baylor University
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Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas. It is the largest Baptist university in the world, the universitys 1, 000-acre campus is located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin. Baylor Universitys athletic teams, known as the Bears, participate in 19 intercollegiate sports, the university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I. In 1841,35 delegates to the Union Baptist Association meeting voted to adopt the suggestion of Rev. William Milton Tryon, Baylor to establish a Baptist university in Texas, then an independent republic. Baylor, a Texas district judge and onetime U. S, congressman and soldier from Alabama, became the schools namesake. In the fall of 1844, the Texas Baptist Education Society petitioned the Congress of the Republic of Texas to charter a Baptist university, Republic President Anson Jones signed the Act of Congress on February 1,1845, officially establishing Baylor University. The founders built the university campus in Independence, Texas. Rev. James Huckins, the first Southern Baptist missionary to Texas, was Baylors first full-time fundraiser and he is considered the third founding father of the university. Although these three men are credited as being the founders of the university, many others worked to see the first university established in Texas, the noted Texas revolutionary war leader and hero Sam Houston gave the first $5,000 donation to start the university. In 1854, Houston was also baptized by the Rev. Rufus Columbus Burleson, future Baylor President, during the 1846 school year Baylor leaders would begin including chapel as part of the Baylor educational experience. The tradition continues today and has been a part of the life of students for over 160 years. Baylor and Abner S. Lipscomb of the Texas Supreme Court began teaching classes in the science of law, making Baylor the first in Texas, during this time Stephen Decatur Rowe would earn the first degree awarded by Baylor. He would be followed by the first female graduate, Mary Kavanaugh Gentry, in 1851, Baylors second president Rufus Columbus Burleson decided to separate the students by sex, making the Baylor Female College an independent and separate institution. Baylor University became an all-male institution, during this time, Baylor thrived as the only university west of the Mississippi offering instruction in law, mathematics, and medicine. At the time a Baylor education cost around $8–$15 per term for tuition, and many of the early leaders of the Republic of Texas, such as Sam Houston, would later send their children to Baylor to be educated. For the first half of the American Civil War, the Baylor president was George Washington Baines, maternal great-grandfather of the future U. S. President, Lyndon Baines Johnson. He worked vigorously to sustain the university during the Civil War, following the war, the city of Independence slowly declined, primarily caused by the rise of neighboring cities being serviced by the Santa Fe Railroad. Because Independence lacked a railroad line, university fathers began searching for a location to build a new campus, beginning in 1885, Baylor University moved to Waco, Texas, a growing town on the railroad line
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University of Houston
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The University of Houston is a state research university and the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. Founded in 1927, UH is the third-largest university in Texas with nearly 43,000 students and its campus spans 667 acres in southeast Houston, and was known as University of Houston–University Park from 1983 to 1991. The Carnegie Foundation classifies UH as a doctoral degree-granting institution with highest research activity, the U. S. News & World Report ranks the university No.194 in its National University Rankings, and No.103 among top public universities. The university offers more than 280 degree programs through its 14 academic colleges on campus—including programs leading to degrees in architecture, law, optometry. The institution conducts $150 million annually in research, and operates more than 40 research centers, interdisciplinary research includes superconductivity, space commercialization and exploration, biomedical sciences and engineering, energy and natural resources, and artificial intelligence. Awarding more than 9,000 degrees annually, UHs alumni base exceeds 260,000, the economic impact of the university contributes over $3 billion annually to the Texas economy, while generating about 24,000 jobs. The University of Houston hosts a variety of performances, concerts, lectures. It has more than 400 student organizations and 17 intercollegiate sports teams, annual UH events and traditions include The Cats Back, Homecoming, and Frontier Fiesta. The universitys varsity teams, known as the Houston Cougars, are members of the American Athletic Conference. The football team regularly makes bowl game appearances, and the basketball team has made 19 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament—including five Final Four appearances. The mens golf team has won 16 national championships—the most in NCAA history, the University of Houston began as Houston Junior College. On March 7,1927, trustees of the Houston Independent School District Board of Education unanimously passed a resolution that authorized the founding and operating of a junior college, the junior college was operated and administered by HISD. Originally HJC was located in San Jacinto High School and offered night courses. Its first session began March 7,1927, with an enrollment of 232 students and 12 faculty and this session was primarily held to educate the future teachers of the junior college, freshmen were not permitted to enroll. A more accurate date for the opening of HJC is September 19,1927. The first president of HJC was Edison Ellsworth Oberholtzer, who was the dominant force in establishing the junior college, the junior college became eligible to become a university in October 1933 when Governor of Texas, Miriam A. Ferguson, signed House Bill 194 into law. On April 30,1934, HISDs Board of Education adopted a resolution to make the school a four-year institution, UHs first session as a four-year institution began June 4,1934, at San Jacinto High School with an enrollment of 682. In 1934, the first campus of the University of Houston was established at the Second Baptist Church at Milam, the next fall, the campus was moved to the South Main Baptist Church on Main Street—between Richmond Avenue and Eagle Street—where it stayed for the next five years
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University of Arkansas
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The University of Arkansas is a public, co-educational, land-grant, space-grant, research university in Fayetteville, in the U. S. state of Arkansas. More than 26,000 students are enrolled in over 188 undergraduate, graduate and it is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a research university with highest research activity. Founded as Arkansas Industrial University in 1871, its present name was adopted in 1899 and it is noted for its strong architecture, agriculture, business, communication disorders, creative writing, history, law, and Middle Eastern studies programs. Enrollment for the semester of 2014 was 26,237. Academic programs are in excess of 200, the ratio of students to faculty is approximately 19,1. The University of Arkansas was founded in 1871 on the site of a farm that overlooked the Ozark Mountains. The university was established under the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862, the universitys founding also satisfied the provision in the Arkansas Constitution of 1868 that the General Assembly was to establish and maintain a State University. Bids from state towns and counties determined the universitys location, the citizens of Fayetteville and Washington County. Pledged $130,000 toward securing the university, a sum that proved to be more than other offers, classes started on January 22,1872. Completed in 1875, Old Main, a brick building designed in the Second Empire style, was the primary instructional. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and its design was based on the plans for the main academic building at the University of Illinois, which has since been demolished. However, the clock and bell towers were switched at Arkansas, the northern taller tower is the bell tower, and the southern shorter tower is the clock tower. One legend for the switch is that the taller tower was put to the north as a reminder of the Union victory during the Civil War. A second legend is that the contractor accidentally swapped the tower drawings after having had too much to drink, although the southern tower was designed with clock faces, it never held a working clock until October 2005. The bell tower has always had some type of chime, initially a bell that was rung on the hour by student volunteers, electronic chimes were installed in 1959. In addition to the chimes of the clock, the universitys Alma Mater plays at 5 pm every day. Old Main housed many of the earliest classes at the university, the lawn at Old Main serves as an arboretum, with many of the trees native to the state of Arkansas found on the lawn. Sitting at the edge of the lawn is Spoofers Stone, a place for couples to meet, students play soccer, cricket and touch football on the lawns open green
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University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
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Southeastern Conference
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The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States. Its fourteen members include the public universities of ten states. The conference is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I in sports competitions, for football, it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly known as Division I-A. The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a game for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series. The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey, the conference sponsors team championships in nine mens sports and twelve womens sports. The SEC consists of 14 member institutions located within the borders of 11 contiguous states and these divisional groupings are applied exclusively to football and baseball as well as their scheduling and standings. The other charter members were, The University of the South left the SEC on December 13,1940 and it is currently a member of the Division III Southern Athletic Association. Georgia Institute of Technology left the SEC in 1964, in 1975, it became a founding member of the Metro Conference, one of the predecessors to todays Conference USA. Georgia Tech competed in the Metro Conference in all sports except football, in 1978, Georgia Tech joined another Southern Conference offshoot, the Atlantic Coast Conference, for all sports, where it has remained ever since. Tulane University left the SEC in 1966, along with Georgia Tech, it was a charter member of the Metro Conference. Unlike Tech, however, Tulane remained in the Metro Conference until it merged with the Great Midwest Conference in 1995 to form Conference USA, Tulane remained an independent in football until C-USA began football competition in 1996. Tulane left C-USA in 2014 for the American Athletic Conference, in 1990, the SEC expanded from ten to twelve member universities with the addition of the Arkansas Razorbacks and the South Carolina Gamecocks. The two new members began SEC competition with the 1991–1992 basketball season, at the same time, the SEC organized competition for some sports into two divisions. Initially, the format was used in football, baseball. The divisional format was dropped for mens basketball following the 2011–2012 season, the 1992 and 1993 championship games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, and all championship games from 1994 onward have been held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. On November 6,2011 the SEC commissioner announced that the University of Missouri would also join the SEC on July 1,2012, for football, Texas A&M was scheduled to compete in the Western Division, and Missouri in the Eastern Division. Texas A&M and Missouri both left the Big 12 Conference, the office of Commissioner was created in 1940. Under the leadership of Michael F, the SECU rebranded its mission to better serve as a means through which the collaborative academic endeavors and achievements of Southeastern Conference universities would be promoted and advanced
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Texas Tech University
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Texas Tech University, often referred to as Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU, is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on February 10,1923, and originally known as Texas Technological College, the universitys student enrollment is the sixth-largest in Texas as of the Fall 2014 semester. The university shares its campus with Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, making it the campus in Texas to house an undergraduate university, law school. The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers, Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Texas Tech as having highest research activity, Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, nanophotonics, atmospheric sciences, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university. The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference, the Red Raiders football team has made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, bob Knight has coached the second most wins in mens NCAA Division I basketball history and served as the teams head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament, in 1999, Texas Techs Goin Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence. Though the majority of the students are from the southwestern United States. Texas Tech University alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government, business, science, medicine, education, sports, the call to open a college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s. In 1917, the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A&M to be in Abilene, however, the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E. Ferguson had falsely reported the site committees choice of location. After new legislation passed in the house and senate in 1921, Governor Pat Neff vetoed it. Furious about Neffs veto, some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state, on February 10,1923, Neff signed the legislation creating Texas Technological College, and in July of that year, a committee began searching for a site. When the committees members visited Lubbock, they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to support for hosting the institution. That August, Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other towns, including Floydada, Plainview, Big Spring. Construction of the campus began on November 1,1924. Ten days later, the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20,000 people, chitwood served in the position only fifteen months, he died in November 1926. With an enrollment of 914 students—both men and women—Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1,1925 and it was originally composed of four schools—Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts
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Big Eight Conference
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The Big Eight Conference was a National Collegiate Athletic Association -affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football. Additionally, the University of Iowa was an member of the MVIAA. The conference was dissolved in 1996, the Big Eight kept its headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. In February 1995, the Big Eight and the Southwest Conference announced that the two leagues had reached an agreement to form a new conference. The eight members of the Big Eight joined with SWC schools Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor, and Texas Tech to form the Big 12 Conference the following year. A vote was conducted on whether to keep the new headquarters in Kansas City. The two Oklahoma schools, all four Texas schools, and Colorado voted for the move while both Kansas schools, Nebraska, Missouri, and Iowa State voted for Kansas City. The University of Iowa who was also a member of the Western Conference was also a joint member of the conference, Iowa only participated in football and outdoor mens track and field. In 1908, Drake University and Iowa Agricultural College joined the MVIAA, Iowa who was a joint member departed in 1911 to only compete in the Western Conference, but Kansas State University joined the conference in 1913. Nebraska left in 1918 to play as an independent for two seasons before returning in 1920, in 1919, the University of Oklahoma and Saint Louis University applied for membership, but were disapproved due to deficient management of their athletic programs. The conference then added Grinnell College in 1919, with the University of Oklahoma applying again, Oklahoma A&M University joined in 1925, bringing conference membership to ten, an all-time high. At a meeting in Lincoln, Nebraska, on May 19,1928, Six of the seven state schools formed a conference that was initially known as the Big Six Conference. Just before the start of practice, the six schools announced they would retain the MVIAA name for formal purposes. However, fans and media continued to call it the Big Six, the three private schools – Drake, Grinnell, and Washington University – joined with Oklahoma A&M, becoming known as the Missouri Valley Conference. For the remainder of the Big Eights run, both conferences claimed 1907 as their date, as well as the same history through 1927. To this day, it has never been established which conference was the original. Conference membership grew with the addition of the University of Colorado on December 1,1947, later that month, Reaves E. Peters was hired as Commissioner of Officials and Assistant Secretary and set up the first conference offices in Kansas City, Missouri. With the addition of Colorado, the unofficial name became the Big Seven Conference, coincidentally
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Big 12 Conference
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The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving, Texas. Its ten members, located in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, additionally, the Big 12 has ten affiliate members, six for the sport of wrestling, one for womens gymnastics, and 3 for womens rowing. The Big 12 Conference is a 501 nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware, the Big 12 was formerly composed of 12 schools, hence its name, it was formed in 1996 when four schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference joined with the pre-existing Big Eight Conference. Oklahoma and Oklahoma State were grouped with the four newcomers in the Big 12 South, TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools, bringing the conference to its current strength. Attempts to rename the Big 12 to reflect its current strength would lead to confusion with the current Big Ten Conference, the Big 12 Conference commissioner is Bob Bowlsby. Full members Assoc. member Other Conference The Big 12 Conference sponsors championship competition in ten mens, nonetheless, it is an open coed sport in NCAA college athletics, with mens, womens, and coed teams in all NCAA divisions competing against each other. TCU and West Virginia both field coed teams, through 2017, West Virginia with 19 national titles and TCU with two, together have won over half of the NCAA titles awarded since the inaugural NCAA championship in 1980. West Virginia also won four national titles. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, from its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference while two joined in 2013. The Big 12 is unique among the current Power Five conferences in that it only has 10 members, despite the name, causing some confusion. From 1987 to 2015,12 or more members were required for a championship game. Former Texas Athletic Director DeLoss Dodds and former football coach Mack Brown, along with Oklahoma football coach Bob Stoops, critics argued it was a competitive advantage over other contract conferences. Conferences with a game have their division champions typically play one of their toughest games of the year in the last week of the regular season. Unlike the other Power 5 conferences in which a team plays a portion of the other teams in the conference each season. This theoretically allows for the declaration of a de facto champion without the need for a rematch between the top two teams in the conference. On June 3,2016, the conference announced it would reinstate the football game in the 2017 season. This followed the passage of a new NCAA rule allowing all FBS conferences to hold football championship games regardless of their membership numbers, the Big 12 population base is centered on the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, West Virginia and Iowa
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Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, LSU is the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System. In 2015, the university enrolled over 26,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools, several of LSUs graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received recognition in their respective fields of study. LSUs athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports, and is a member of the NCAA, the university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger. Louisiana State University Agricultural & Mechanical College had its origin in land grants made by the United States government in 1806,1811. It was founded as an academy and is still today steeped in military tradition. In 1853, the Louisiana General Assembly established the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana near Pineville in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana. Modeled initially after Virginia Military Institute, the institution opened with five professors and nineteen cadets on January 2,1860, the original location of the Old LSU Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 26,1861, after only a year at the helm, the school closed on June 30,1861, with the start of the American Civil War. During the course of the war, the university reopened briefly in April 1863, the losses sustained by the institution during the Union occupation were heavy, and after 1863 the seminary remained closed for the remainder of the Civil War. Following the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox Court House on April 9,1865 and these cannons had been captured from Confederate forces after the close of the war and had been used during the initial firing upon Fort Sumter in April 1861. The cannons are still displayed in front of LSUs Military Science/Aerospace Studies Building, the seminary officially reopened its doors on October 2,1865, only to be burned October 15,1869. On November 1,1869, the institution resumed its exercises in Baton Rouge, in 1870, the name of the institution was officially changed to Louisiana State University. It temporarily opened in New Orleans, June 1,1874 and this prompted the final name change for the university to the Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. On June 7,1925, Oscar B, turner, a professor of agronomy, was murdered by an axe-wielding assailant on campus. On April 30,1926, the present LSU campus was formally dedicated, prior to this, LSU utilized the quarters of the Institute for the Deaf, Mute, and Blind. Land for the present campus was purchased in 1918, construction started in 1922, the campus was originally designed for 3000 students, but was cut back due to budget problems
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University of Mississippi
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The University of Mississippi is an American public research university located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is the state of Mississippis flagship and largest university, with an enrollment of 24,250 in fall 2016. It is both a sea-grant and space-grant institution and is classified as an R1, Doctoral University — Highest Research Activity. Across all its campuses, it comprises approximately 2,200 faculty members,10,600 staff members, and 24,000 students, and has a total budget of roughly $2 billion. About 55 percent of its undergraduates and 60 percent overall come from Mississippi, the Mississippi Legislature chartered the University of Mississippi on February 24,1844. The university opened its doors to its first class of 80 students four years later in 1848, for 23 years, the university was Mississippis only public institution of higher learning, and for 110 years it was the states only comprehensive university. When the university opened, the campus consisted of six buildings, constructed from 1846 to 1848, the Lyceum is the oldest building on campus. Originally, the Lyceum housed all of the classrooms and faculty offices of the university, the buildings north and south wings were added in 1903, and the Class of 1927 donated the clock above the eastern portico. The Lyceum is now the home of the administration offices. The columned facade of the Lyceum is represented on the official crest of the university, in 1854, the university established the fourth state-supported, public law school in the United States, and also began offering engineering education. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, classes were interrupted when almost the entire student body from the University of Mississippi enlisted in the Confederate army. The Lyceum was used as a hospital during the Civil War for both Union and Confederate soldiers, especially those who were wounded at the battle of Shiloh, two hundred-fifty soldiers who died in the campus hospital were buried in a cemetery on the grounds of the university. During the post-war period, the university was led by former Confederate general A. P. Stewart and he served as Chancellor from 1874-1886. The university became coeducational in 1882 and was the first such institution in the Southeast to hire a female faculty member, Sarah McGehee Isom, the student yearbook was published for the first time in 1897. A contest was held to solicit suggestions for a title from the student body. Elma Meek, a student, submitted the entry of Ole Miss. Meeks source for the term is unknown, some historians theorize she made a diminutive of old Mississippi or derived the term from ol missus and this sobriquet was not only chosen for the yearbook, but also became the name by which the university was informally known. Ole Miss is defined as the schools intangible spirit, which is separate from the tangible aspects of the university, the university began medical education in 1903, when the University of Mississippi School of Medicine was established on the Oxford campus
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Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
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Phillips University
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Phillips University was a private, coeducational institution of higher education located in Enid, Oklahoma, United States, from 1906 to 1998. It was affiliated with the Christian Church and it included an undergraduate college and a graduate seminary. The university was home to the Enid-Phillips Symphony Orchestra. Originally named Oklahoma Christian University, the school was founded by Dr. Ely Vaughn Zollars on October 9,1906, enid-area businessmen raised $150,000 and purchased a 40-acre campus east of Enid. M. Funding for the operation of the University was supplied by T. W. Phillips of Butler, Pennsylvania, following Phillips death in 1912 the University was renamed in his honor. During World War II, the Permanente ship builders manufactured a victory ship named after the university called the SS Phillips Victory, Oklahoma Christian University held its first classes September 17,1907. The first years enrollment was 256 students, and of the freshman class, Phillips High School was created in 1907 as a preparatory school at the same time to prepare students for college-level courses, and continued operations until 1925. The school became affiliated with the North Central Association of Colleges on March 23,1919, in 1987, Phillips Graduate Seminary incorporated as a freestanding institution independent of Phillips University. It is now known as Phillips Theological Seminary, and is located in Tulsa, currently, Phillips Theological Seminary houses the transcripts of the alumni of Phillips University. Phillips University also ran a business school which awarded MBA degrees. It also had an international community of students from more than 20 countries. The schools sports teams were called the Haymakers, for one year,1920, the school was a member of the Southwest Athletic Conference. Between 1917 and 1920, John Maulbetsch was the football coach at Phillips University. Maulbetsch was an All-American running back at the University of Michigan in 1914, with his name recognition, he was able to recruit big-name talent to Phillips, including future Pro Football Hall of Famer Steve Owen, and future United States Olympic Committee President Doug Roby. Maulbetsch quickly turned Phillips into a contender in the southwest, as his teams beat Oklahoma and Texas. The 1919 team, known as Mauleys Iron Men, was considered by experts to be the finest football squad in the southwest that season. After defeating the Oklahoma and Texas football teams, the Haymakers gained a reputation as “one of the strongest teams in the southwest. ”When Phillips defeated Texas 10-0 in Austin, Texas in October 1919, one Texas newspaper reported that Phillips had whitewashed the Longhorns in their own corral. As a result of Phillips success, it was admitted to the Southwest Conference for the 1920 season
29.
Red River Showdown
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The participants are the Oklahoma Sooners football team of the University of Oklahoma and the Texas Longhorns football team of the University of Texas at Austin. The game is played the following the State Fair Classic featuring Prairie View A&M University. The series is one of the rivalries in NCAA football. There are three Red River Shootout trophies exchanged based on the outcome of the game, the best known of these is the Golden Hat, which is a gold ten-gallon hat, formerly of bronze. The trophy is kept by the schools athletic department until the next year. A newer trophy, the Red River Rivalry trophy, has been exchanged between the two student governments since 2003, another annual tradition is the running of game balls by the schools Reserve Officers Training Corps programs. Each schools ROTC program uses a relay running system to run one game all the way from their respective campus to Dallas. Once there, they participate against each other in a scrimmage, with the winner taking home a rivalry trophy. For both teams, the rivalry is bitterly emotional and territorial in nature relating to the two states proximity, past border disputes and economic and cultural differences. The game originated in 1900, while Oklahoma was still a United States territory, until the 2005 meeting, the 100th meeting between the schools, the game was called the Red River Shootout. In 2006, with SBCs merger with AT&T Corporation, the game was renamed the AT&T Red River Rivalry, in 2014, the name changed again and is now the AT&T Red River Showdown. The term Red River Shootout or Red River Showdown is also applied to meetings between the two schools in other than football. During a Q&A session with DeLoss Dodds during the Big 12 restructuring and chaos that ensued thereafter, Dodds stated in an interview, the A&M games been a great game and all of that. But its not something that we have to do, I think the Oklahoma game is something we have to do. Oklahoma and Texas are tied in the post World War II series 34–34–3, since 1936, the first year of the AP Poll, at least one of the teams has come into the game ranked 68 times, including every one of the last 17 meetings. However, in the last 33 meetings, Oklahoma leads the series 18-13-2, in 2005, the The Dallas Morning News asked the 119 Division 1A football coaches to identify the top rivalry game in college football. The Red River Rivalry ranked third, behind only Michigan–Ohio State, the first meeting between Texas and Oklahomas football teams occurred in 1900, before either team had acquired their current nickname. At that time, the Texas team was typically called Varsity, the write-up in the Austin American-Statesman article referred to the game as a practice game
30.
Cotton Bowl Classic
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The Cotton Bowl Classic is an American college football bowl game that has been held annually since January 1,1937. Between 1937 and 2009, the game was played at its stadium in Dallas, in 2010. Following the dissolution of the SWC in 1996, the game hosted a runner-up from the Big 12 Conference, on January 2,2017, Wisconsin beat Western Michigan in the 81st edition of the game by a score of 24–16. The Cotton Bowl Classic was founded in Dallas in 1937 at the Texas State Fair Grounds, TCU of Fort Worth took on Marquette, winning 16–6, but the game lost money even though some 17,000 attended. Nonetheless, Sanford persevered, and in 1938 the game made a profit as Rice of Houston defeated Colorado 28–14 in front of a crowd of 37,000. Some 40,000 attended the 1939 match between Saint Marys College of California and Texas Tech, with the Gaels upsetting the undefeated Red Raiders 20–13. In 1940, an underdog Clemson team surprised the Boston College Eagles 6–3, in the first, attendance at this game was given as 20,000. Later that year, a group of prominent Dallas citizens took over the staging of the game as the Cotton Bowl Athletic Association, a few months later, the CBAA became an agency of the Southwest Conference. From 1941 to 1994, the SWCs champion hosted the Cotton Bowl Classic, in 1943, The Texas Longhorns represented the SWC in their first ever bowl game against a highly ranked Georgia Tech team at the time. Prior to the game, sportswriters boasted that Texas did not belong in the league as Georgia Tech. Texas proved the public wrong by defeating the Yellow Jackets 14–7 in what was mostly a defensive battle and this Cotton Bowl was the first bowl appearance for Texas as the Longhorns would go on to appear in a record 22 Cotton Bowls, the most of any team. In 1947 LSU and Arkansas played in front of 38,000 people to a 0–0 tie in what would become known as the Ice Bowl. LSU got the better of Arkansas most of the game, in 1948 Penn State, in a bowl game for the first time in 25 years, played Dallas SMU to a 13–13 tie. This was the first interracial game played at the Cotton Bowl, the 1953 Cotton Bowl would be a rematch of the 1951 bowl game as Texas and Tennessee played for the second time. Texas defensive stars shut out the Vols 16–0 as the Longhorns avenged the previous meeting when Tennessee beat Texas 20–14, the 1954 Cotton Bowl Classic featured one of the most famous plays in college football history. Rices Dickey Moegle began a run around end from his teams 5-yard line, alabamas Tommy Lewis jumped off the bench and tackled Moegle. The referee, Cliff Shaw, saw what happened and signaled touchdown even though Moegle was tackled at the 42-yard line, the 1957 Classic matched the TCU Horned Frogs against the Jim Brown-led Syracuse Orangemen. Brown rushed for 135 yards, scored three touchdowns and kicked three points but a fourth-quarter blocked extra point by TCUs Chico Mendoza proved the margin of victory as TCU won
31.
Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Fayetteville is the third-largest city in Arkansas and county seat of Washington County. The city is located within the county and has been home of the University of Arkansas since the institutions founding in 1871. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, deep within the Ozarks, known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many of the settlers had come. It was incorporated on November 3,1836 and was rechartered in 1867, the four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 105th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 73,580 at the 2010 Census, at 1,400 feet of elevation, it is also one of the highest major US cites between the western Great Plains and the Appalachian Mountains. Fayetteville is home to the University of Arkansas, the states largest university, when classes are in session, thousands of students on campus dramatically change the citys demographics. Thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend football, basketball, the Universitys mens track and field program has won 41 national championships to date. Forbes also ranked Fayetteville as the 24th-best city for business and careers in 2016, lonely Planet named Fayetteville among its top 20 places to visit in the South in 2016. Based in nearby Bentonville, the Walmart corporation has dominated Fayettevilles economy, the city hosts the Wal-Mart Shareholders Meetings each year at the Bud Walton Arena. In 1828, George McGarrah settled at Big Spring with his family on the modern day corner of Spring and Willow, founding the town of Washington, on October 17, Washington County was established, Washington chosen as the county seat. The Washington Courthouse was finished in 1829, and also contained the post office, later in the year Postmaster Larkin Newton changed the name to the Fayetteville Courthouse, to avoid confusing with Washington, Hempstead County. Two councilmen selected to name the city were from Fayetteville, Tennessee and that original Fayetteville was named for General Lafayette, a French general who helped the colonies gain independence in the American Revolutionary War. The first store in Fayetteville was opened by John Nye in a building constructed by James Holmsley. In 1832 David Walker, Chief Justice of the Arkansas supreme court, in 1822 Archibald Yell, the second Governor of Arkansas, built a house and called it Waxhaw after his home in North Carolina. This was on the outskirts of town then but now is a named after him that connects College. The first hotels were the Burnside House and the Onstott House, Fayetteville was incorporated as a town on November 3,1836. In 1859, a city charter was obtained from the Legislature, during the Civil War the municipal government was suspended and was not reinstated until 1867. Rhea was the president of the trustees in 1836, J. W. Walker was the first mayor under the charter of 1859
32.
1977 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 1977 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1977 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Dan Devine, ended the season with 11 wins and one loss, the Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No.1 ranked Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic by a score of a 38–0. The 1977 squad became the tenth Irish team to win the title and were led by All-Americans Ken MacAfee, Ross Browner, Luther Bradley. Junior Joe Montana, a future Pro Football Hall of Famer, was the starting quarterback. Dan Devine entered his third year as coach, coming off of a 9–3 season in 1976 that culminated in a Gator Bowl win over Penn State. Devine returned a highly touted defense, featuring 1976 Outland Trophy winner Ross Browner, defensive end Willie Fry, on offense, quarterback Joe Montana earned the starting job and led an offense that included running backs Jerome Heavens and Vagas Ferguson and All-American tight end Ken MacAfee. Montana, earned a reputation as the kid, had two come from behind victories in the fourth quarter, against Purdue and Clemson, down 17 and 10 respectively. The Irish rebounded to win their games, including a 49–19 rout of USC in the now famous Green Jersey Game. The Irish earned a berth in the Cotton Bowl Classic, where they defeated No.1, the Irish leaped four spots in the polls after the Cotton Bowl Classic victory to claim the consensus title. Notre Dame wore green jerseys for the first time since their 1963 game against Syracuse, Notre Dame wore green jerseys for the second straight week. Ross Browner, Lombardi Award, Maxwell Award Ken MacAfee, Walter Camp Award Heisman Trophy voting Ken MacAfee, 3rd Ross Browner, 5th All-Americans College Football Hall of Fame inductees
33.
John Heisman
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John William Heisman was a player and coach of American football, basketball, and baseball, as well as a sportswriter and actor. His 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado were recognized as the national champion and he served as the athletic director at Georgia Tech from 1904 to 1919 and at Rice from 1924 to 1927. While at Georgia Tech, he also was president of the Atlanta Crackers baseball team, fuzzy Woodruff dubbed Heisman the pioneer of Southern football. Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954 and his entry there notes that Heisman stands only behind Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, and Walter Camp as a master innovator of the brand of football of his day. One writer says Heisman, Stagg, and Warner constitute the Football Trinity, the Heisman Trophy, awarded annually to the seasons most outstanding college football player, is named after him. Heisman was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bavarian German immigrants Sara and he grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania near Titusville, where he played varsity football for Titusville High School from 1884 to 1886, and was salutatorian of his graduating class. Although he was a student, he confessed he was football mad. Heismans father refused to him play at Titusville, calling football bestial. He went on to football as a lineman at Brown University and at the University of Pennsylvania. In constant dread that his immediate teammates—guards weighing 212 and 243—would fall on him and he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1892. In his book Principles of Football, Heisman described his strategy, The coach should be masterful and commanding. He has no time to say please or mister, at times he must be severe, arbitrary, and little short of a czar. Heisman always used a megaphone at practice, Heisman first coached at Oberlin College in 1892. Wrote The Oberlin Review in 1892, Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football and he has taught us scientific football. Influenced by Yale and Pudge Heffelfinger, Heisman implemented seven-man interference and his best lineman at Oberlin was the half German, half Hawaiian John Henry Wise. Heisman also used a pass and a double pass. Heisman returned to Oberlin in 1894, in 1893 he moved to Buchtel College, where he helped make the first of many permanent alterations to the sport of football. It was then customary for the center to begin a play by rolling the ball backwards, under Heisman, the center began tossing the ball to Clark, a practice that evolved into the snap that today begins every play
34.
Dana X. Bible
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Dana Xenophon Bible was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and college athletics administrator. Bible was also the basketball coach at Texas A&M from 1920 to 1927. In addition, he was the director at Nebraska from 1932 to 1936. Bible was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951, Bible was born in Jefferson City, Tennessee. He graduated from Jefferson City High School in 1908 and received a B. A. degree from Carson–Newman College in 1912, Bible played football while in college and was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, Iota chapter. Bible began his career at Brandon Prep School in Shelbyville. Mississippi College recruited him to coach in 1912, and he was recruited to coach for Texas A&M University in 1916, in his college football coaching career, Bible compiled a record of 198–72–23. His teams had winning records in thirty of the seasons he coached. Bible twice won ten games in a season, Bible also coached baseball and basketball at Texas A&M. During his hiatus from Texas A&M in 1918, Bible served as pilot in World War I, while at Texas, University of Chicago coach Clark Shaughnessy contacted Bible to organize a clinic on the T formation. Along with Frank Leahy of Notre Dame, they helped create the T formation revolution, Bible was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1959 and the Longhorn Hall of Honor in 1960. He was the 1954 recipient of the Amos Alonzo Stagg Award, Bible served on the National Collegiate Football Rules Committee for 25 years, and was president of the American Football Coaches Association. His book, Championship Football, was published in 1947, Bible was the son of Jonathan David Bible and Cleopatra I. Willis. The couple married on June 20,1889, Jonathan was a college professor at Carson–Newman College in Jefferson City, Tennessee, he could quote biblical scripture and was a Greek and Latin scholar. Bible married Rowena Rhodes on December 19,1923 and they had two children, William and Barbara. Dana married Agnes Stacy in 194,4 and they would divorce in 1950. He married Dorothy Gilstrap on February 2,1952, Bible died on January 19,1980, and is interred at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Bible at the College Football Hall of Fame Dana X, Bible at the College Football Data Warehouse Dana X
35.
Bear Bryant
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Paul William Bear Bryant was an American college football player and coach. He was best known as the head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabamas head coach, he amassed six national championships, upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for most wins as head coach in collegiate football history with 323 wins. The Paul W. Bryant Museum, Paul W. Bryant Hall, Paul W. Bryant Drive, before arriving at Alabama, Bryant was head football coach at the University of Maryland, the University of Kentucky, and Texas A&M University. Paul Bryant was the 11th of 12 children who were born to Wilson Monroe and Ida Kilgore Bryant in Moro Bottom, Cleveland County and his nickname stemmed from his having agreed to wrestle a captive bear during a carnival promotion when he was 13 years old. His mother wanted him to be a minister, but Bryant told her Coaching is a lot like preaching. He attended Fordyce High School, where 6 ft 1 in tall Bryant, during his senior season, the team, with Bryant playing offensive line and defensive end, won the 1930 Arkansas state football championship. Bryant accepted a scholarship to play for the University of Alabama in 1931, Bryant played end for the Crimson Tide and was a participant on the schools 1934 national championship team. Bryant himself was second team All-Southeastern Conference in 1934, and was third team all conference in both 1933 and 1935, Bryant played with a partially broken leg in a 1935 game against Tennessee. Bryant pledged the Sigma Nu social fraternity, and as a senior, he married Mary Harmon, Bryant was selected in the fourth round by the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1936 NFL Draft, but never played professional football. After graduating from the University of Alabama in 1936, Bryant took a job under A. B. Hollingsworth at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee, but he left that position when offered an assistant coaching position under Frank Thomas at the University of Alabama, over the next four years, the team compiled a 29–5–3 record. In 1940, he left Alabama to become an assistant at Vanderbilt University under Henry Russell Sanders, during their 1940 season, Bryant served as head coach of the Commodores for their 7–7 tie against Kentucky as Coach Sanders was recovering from an appendectomy. After the 1941 season, Bryant was offered the coaching job at the University of Arkansas. However, Pearl Harbor was bombed soon thereafter, and Bryant declined the position to join the United States Navy, in 1942 he served as an assistant coach with the Georgia Pre-Flight Skycrackers. Bryant then served off North Africa, seeing no combat action, however, his ship, the converted liner USAT Uruguay, was rammed by an oil tanker near Bermuda and ordered to be abandoned. Bryant disobeyed the order, saving the lives of his men, allen Barra claims that two hundred others died in the collision. He was later granted an honorable discharge to train recruits and coach the North Carolina Navy Pre-Flight football team, one of the players he coached for the Navy was the future Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Otto Graham
36.
Darrell Royal
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Darrell K Royal was an American football player and coach. He served as the coach at Mississippi State University, the University of Washington. In his 20 seasons at Texas, Royals teams won three championships,11 Southwest Conference titles, and amassed a record of 167–47–5. He won more games than any coach in Texas Longhorns football history. Royal also coached the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League for one season in 1953 and he never had a losing season as a head coach for his entire career. Royal played football at the University of Oklahoma from 1946 to 1949 and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1983. Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas, K is Royals given middle name, not an abbreviation. He received it in honor of his mother, Katy, who died when he was an infant. She died of cancer, but because of the surrounding the disease at that time. In 1942, during World War II, Royal finished Hollis High School and he played quarterback and defensive back at the University of Oklahoma under his mentor, coach Bud Wilkinson, from 1946 to 1949. While attending Oklahoma, he joined the Delta Upsilon Fraternity, Royal was most noted for his prowess as a defensive back, where his 18 career interceptions and his three interceptions in the 1947 game against Oklahoma A&M are still Sooner records. Royals part-time contributions as quarterback had an impact, despite the fact that he shared time with Jack Mitchell. He threw a 43-yard pass against North Carolina in the 1949 Sugar Bowl, Royal holds the fourth-best winning percentage in school history with a 16–1 mark as a part-time quarterback starter. His 11–0 mark as a starter in 1949 ranks as one of the best seasons in school history, in 1992, Royal was inducted into the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame. Royal served as an assistant coach at North Carolina State, Tulsa and he coached the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League, and in 1954, he returned to Mississippi State for his first collegiate head coaching job. He spent the 1956 season as coach at the University of Washington. Royal took over as coach at the University of Texas in December 1956. The team went from a 1–9 record, their worst record ever, in 1956 to a 6–4–1 mark, within two years, Royal had the Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl as the number-four team in the country
37.
Frank Broyles
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John Franklin Broyles is a former American football player and coach, athletics administrator, and broadcaster. He served as the football coach at the University of Missouri in 1957. Broyles also was Arkansas athletic director from 1974 until his retirement on December 31,2007, as a head football coach, Broyles compiled a record of 149–62–6. His mark of 144–58–5 in 19 seasons is the most for any coach in Arkansas history, with Arkansas, Broyles won seven Southwest Conference titles and his 1964 team was named a national champion by a number of selectors including the Football Writers Association of America. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983, after his graduation from Decatur Boys High School, Broyles studied at Georgia Tech, where he was a quarterback from 1944 to 1946. He graduated from Georgia Tech with a degree in Industrial Management and he led the Georgia Tech football team to four bowl appearances. He was named Southeastern Conference Player of the Year in 1944, Broyles was later drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round of the 1946 NFL Draft. Broyles entered coaching in 1947 as an assistant coach under head coach Bob Woodruff at Baylor University, in 1950, Broyles followed Woodruff when the latter took the head coach position at the University of Florida. In 1951, he left Florida and returned to Georgia Tech as an coordinator under coach Bobby Dodd. Broyles sought the head coaching position at Northwestern University in 1954, Broyles stayed at Missouri only one season when he was offered the head coaching job at Arkansas. During his many decades there he was offered other major coaching and leadership positions, during his tenure at Arkansas Broyles coached the Razorbacks to seven Southwest Conference championships and two Cotton Bowl Classic wins. His 1964 team was proclaimed national champions by the Football Writers Association of America and he still holds the record for most wins by a head coach in the history of Arkansas football. During the 1960s and 1970s one of footballs most intense rivalries was between Broyles Razorbacks and the University of Texas Longhorns under legendary coach Darrell Royal. Broyles time as a broadcaster at ABC lasted from 1977 to 1985, Broyles commentary was normally focused on play calling and coaching strategy, and while paired with Jackson, resulted in an all-Georgian booth (Jackson is a native of Roopville. In 1974 Broyles was appointed Mens Athletic Director of the University of Arkansas, Broyles continued as head football coach for three years. Since stepping down as coach, the University of Arkansas mens athletic programs. The Razorbacks have won 57 Southwest Conference championships and 47 Southeastern Conference championships while he has been athletic director. As athletic Director of Arkansas Broyles cancelled the mens swimming and diving program to new regulations from the SEC of having two more womens sports than mens sports
38.
Hayden Fry
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John Hayden Fry is a former American football player and coach. He played college football for Baylor University and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2003. Frys family moved to Odessa, Texas, when he was eight years old, Fry worked multiple jobs as a child to help his family through the Great Depression. He also played sports, partly to stay out of trouble, Hayden played basketball, football, and track, but he most loved and was most successful at football, and Odessa was a football town. When Fry played safety and quarterback for Odessa High School in the 1940s, in Frys senior year, Odessa won 14 straight games, scoring almost 400 points and allowing about 50. Odessa did not commit a single turnover all season, the Texas state playoffs placed every school into a single bracket. At the end of the year, Hayden Fry quarterbacked Odessa to the Texas state high school championship in 1946, Fry then played at Baylor University from 1947 to 1950. Baylor had a 26–13–2 record during Frys four years there, Fry started a few games as an upperclassman at Baylor, but he could never win the full-time starting quarterback job. He graduated from Baylor with a degree in psychology in 1951, Fry was an American history teacher and assistant football coach at Odessa High School for a year in 1951 before joining the U. S. Marine Corps in 1952. During his time in Odessa, Fry met and befriended a young George H. W. Bush, Fry served in the U. S. Marine Corps from 1952 to 1955. He played with the Quantico Marines football team in 1953, winning the Marine Corps championship, Fry also coached a six-man football team while in the Marines, and the unique style of play allowed Fry to innovate and invent new creative schemes. He became friends with Al Davis, who was coaching a military team. Frys time coaching and serving in the Marines were an asset as he began his coaching career, Fry was discharged from the Marines in February 1955 with the rank of captain. In 1955, Hayden returned to Odessa as a teacher and assistant football coach, the following season, Odessa head coach and former Texas A&M freshmen varsity coach Cooper Robbins was promoted to athletic director, and Hayden Fry took his first head coaching job. At 26 years old, he was coaching the school he had led to the state title less than 10 years earlier. He served as Odessas head football coach for three years, during that time, he first met and befriended the head coach at Texas A&M, Bear Bryant. Fry also continued as a teacher at Odessa, and one of his students, Roy Orbison. After the 1958 season, the new football coach at Baylor hired Hayden Fry as an assistant coach
39.
Lou Holtz
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Louis Leo Lou Holtz is a former American football player, coach, and analyst. Holtzs 1988 Notre Dame team went 12–0 with a victory in the Fiesta Bowl and was the national champion. Holtz is the college football coach to lead six different programs to bowl games. Holtz also coached the New York Jets of the National Football League during the 1976 season, over the years, the slender, bespectacled Holtz has become known for his quick wit and ability to inspire players. He is often found as a guest on the popular Richmond, in 2005, Holtz joined ESPN as a college football analyst. On May 1,2008, Holtz was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, Holtz was born in Follansbee, West Virginia and grew up in East Liverpool, Ohio, where he was raised as a Roman Catholic. He graduated from East Liverpool High School, after high school, Holtz attended Kent State University. He was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity, played football as an undersized linebacker. He began his career as a graduate assistant in 1960, at Iowa. From there, he stops as an assistant at William & Mary, Connecticut, South Carolina. The 1968 Ohio State Buckeyes football team won a championship with Holtz as an assistant. Holtzs first job as coach came in 1969, at The College of William & Mary. In 1970, he led the William & Mary Indians to the Southern Conference title, in 1972, Holtz moved to North Carolina State University and had a 33–12–3 record in four seasons. His first three teams achieved final Top 20 rankings, including a final Top 10 finish in the 1974 Coaches Poll and his 1973 team won the ACC Championship. His Wolfpack teams played in four games, going 2–1–1. Holtz received offers to become the Tulane head coach and he at first accepted the offer from David Dixon, the New Orleans Saints founder, then Holtz called Dixon saying he wouldnt come to Tulane. Following the 1975 season, Holtz accepted an offer to college football. Holtzs lone foray into the ranks began when he was appointed as head coach of the New York Jets on February 10,1976
40.
Bill Yeoman
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Bill Yeoman is a former American football player and coach. Starting in 1962, he was the University of Houstons head coach, in his tenure, he became the winningest coach in school history, with an overall record of 160–108–8. Yeoman revolutionized offensive football in 1964 by developing the Veer option offense, Yeomans Cougars finished the season ranked in the AP Top 10 four times and finished 11 times in the AP or UPI Top 20. Yeoman played center for Army from 1946 to 1948 under legendary head coach Earl Blaik, the 1946 team was 9–0–1 with a backfield of two Heisman Trophy winners, Glenn Davis and Doc Blanchard. Yeoman was a captain in 1948 and chosen as a second team All-American. The Army football teams in which he played compiled a combined 22–2–4 record, bill Yeoman is still the only underclassman to ever captain an Army team. From 1950 to 1953, Yeoman served in the United States Army, after his return from the Army, he became an assistant coach under Duffy Daugherty at Michigan State from 1954 to 1961. After serving as an assistant coach for eight seasons at Michigan State, the Cougars had only begun playing football in 1946 and had enjoyed little success or prominence in the program’s short history. Yeoman established a tradition in his very first year at Houston, guiding the team to a 7–4 record. After a losing season in 1963, Yeoman began experimenting with a new offense named the Veer, the Veer option offense would revolutionize college football and help the Cougars to become a perennial power. Yeoman became the first head football coach of a major program in the state of Texas to give a scholarship to an African American player. Warren McVea, from San Antonio, signed with UH on July 11,1964, the recruitment of McVea was part of an overall move by the University of Houston athletic department in 1964 to integrate their athletic programs. The other prominent black athletes signed by UH that year were basketball players Elvin Hayes, running the Veer offense, Houston led the nation in total offense for three consecutive years in the late 1960s, with averages of more than 400 yards per game each year. The 1968 offensive total was the highest in the country, and this average was aided in part by the Cougars 100–6 victory over Tulsa that marked the last time that a team scored 100 points in a top-division college football game. Houston joined the Southwest Conference in 1976, and the Cougars posted a 10–2 record that included a 30–0 win at rival Texas, Yeoman finished as the runner-up for the AFCA Coach of the Year award and won Coach of the Year in the state of Texas. During Yeomans career, the Cougars won four Southwest Conference Championships, Yeomans tenure at UH was not without controversy. In 1986, allegations surfaced that illegal recruiting inducements and extra benefits had been tendered to UH football players, Yeoman was alleged to have handed out cash to players. Due in part to the investigation, Houston forced Yeoman to retire at the end of the season after a 1–10 campaign, Yeoman coached 46 All-Americans, and 69 players who later competed in the NFL, during his career
41.
Gene Stallings
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Eugene Clifton Stallings, Jr. is a retired American football player and coach. He played college football at Texas A&M University, where he was one of the Junction Boys, Stallings was also the head coach of the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals of the National Football League and at the University of Alabama. Stallings 1992 Alabama team completed a 13–0 season with a win in the Sugar Bowl over Miami and was named the national champion. Stallings was also a member of the Board of Regents of the Texas A&M University System and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach on July 16,2011. Stallings was born in Paris, Texas and he attended Paris High School, where he played end as a sophomore alongside future NFL star, Raymond Berry. During his junior and senior year, Stallings was the captain of the football, basketball and he was recruited to Texas A&M University to play college football by then-head coach Raymond George. At Texas A&M, Stallings was a member of the famed Junction Boys under head coach Bear Bryant, in 1956, he helped the team finish 9–0–1 and capture its first Southwest Conference championship since 1939. Stallings received his Bachelor of Physical Education degree from Texas A&M in 1957, in 1958, Stallings joined Bear Bryants original staff at the University of Alabama as a defensive assistant. He was on hand for two of Alabamas national championship seasons, in 1961 and 1964, shortly after helping Alabama win the 1964 national title, Stallings was named the head coach of his alma mater, Texas A&M, at the age of 29. He coached the Aggies for seven seasons compiling a record of 27–45–1 and he also noted his opinion that recruiting African American players would cause disunity on the team. Under his tenure, the Aggies won the Southwest Conference in 1967, at the end of that season Stallings led Texas A&M to a victory over Alabama in the Cotton Bowl. He was fired at A&M following the 1971 season, in 1972, Stallings joined the staff of the Dallas Cowboys as Tom Landrys secondary coach. He remained with the Cowboys for 14 seasons, and helped them win Super Bowl XII, in 1986, Stallings was named the head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In parts of four seasons, Stallings compiled a 23–34–1 record with the Cardinals and was the coach during the franchises move to Arizona. The Cardinals used the comeback to springboard themselves into position to clinch a berth on the final Sunday of the season. The Cardinals relocation from St. Louis to Arizona was approved on March 15,1988, in 1988, the Cardinals pulled off another miracle comeback, rallying from a 23–0 deficit against the eventual Super Bowl champion San Francisco 49ers for a 24–23 victory. Phoenix was 7–4 and in first place in the NFC East but collapsed, losing their five games. The 1989 season started with road victories at Detroit and Seattle, with five games remaining in the 1989 season, Stallings announced that he would resign at the end of the season
42.
Davey O'Brien
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Robert David Davey OBrien was an American football quarterback. He played college football at Texas Christian University and professionally in the National Football League with the Philadelphia Eagles for two seasons, in 1938, OBrien won the Heisman Trophy and the Maxwell Award, and was the fourth overall pick of the 1939 NFL draft. OBrien was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955, since 1981, the Davey OBrien Award is given annually to the best quarterback in college football. Born in Dallas, Texas, OBrien played high school football at its Woodrow Wilson High School and he was an All-State selection and led the high school to the Texas state playoffs in 1932. OBrien played college football at nearby TCU in Fort Worth in 1935 as a backup for Sammy Baugh and he became the starter in 1937, and was named to the first-team All-Southwest Conference. In 1938, OBrien threw for 1,457 yards — a Southwest Conference passing record that stood for ten years and he had only four interceptions in 194 attempts, and his NCAA record for most rushing and passing plays in a single season still stands today. TCU finished the season with a 15–7 victory over Carnegie Tech in the Sugar Bowl, o’Brien was named to 13 All-America teams and became the first player to win the Heisman and Maxwell awards in the same year. He was the first Heisman winner from TCU and the Southwest Conference, off the field, he was also an honorary member Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, Texas Gamma chapter. He majored in geology and expressed little interest in pro football in January 1939, OBrien was the fourth overall pick of the 1939 NFL draft, held in December 1938. He was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles, and owner Bert Bell gave him a $12,000 bonus and a two-year contract, after an appendectomy in late June, he again led the league in several passing categories In 1940, including attempts and completions. Philadelphia lost their first nine games and finished at 1–10, last in the ten-team league, the Eagles gave him a $2,000 raise, but he retired after the 1940 season. In his professional career, OBrien completed 223 of 478 passes for 2,614 yards and 11 touchdowns and he was also a defensive back and punter, intercepted four passes for 92 yards and punted nine times for an average of 40.7 yards per kick. After two seasons with the Eagles, OBrien retired from football to become an agent in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, after completing his training, he was assigned to the bureau’s field office in Springfield, Missouri. He was an instructor at Quantico, Virginia, and spent the last five years of his FBI career in Dallas. He resigned from the bureau in 1950 and went to work for H. L. Hunt in land development, OBrien later entered the oil business, working for Dresser Atlas Industries of Dallas. And was an adviser to Lamar Hunt during the founding of the American Football League and he was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955 and the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 1956. From 1960 to 1964, he was the commentator on Dallas Cowboys telecasts. In 1971, OBrien was diagnosed cancer and underwent surgery to remove a kidney and part of his right lung
43.
Bobby Layne
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Robert Lawrence Bobby Layne Sr. was an American football quarterback who played for 15 seasons in the National Football League. He played for the Chicago Bears in 1948, the New York Bulldogs in 1949, the Detroit Lions from 1950–1958, Layne was selected by the Bears with the third overall pick of the 1948 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Texas, Layne was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1968. His number,22, has been retired by the University of Texas Longhorns, born in Santa Anna, Texas, Laynes family moved when he was very young to Fort Worth, where he attended elementary and junior high school. His mother died when he was eight years old, and Layne moved in with his uncle and aunt, Mr. In his senior year, Layne was named to the football team, played in the Oil Bowl All-Star game. One of the most successful quarterbacks ever to play for Texas, because of World War II there was a shortage of players, and rules were changed to allow freshman to play on the varsity, thereby allowing Layne a four-year career. Freshman play was allowed by various conferences during wartime. In his freshman season, Layne became a rare player to start his very first game. Prior to and during his year, he spent eight months in the Merchant Marines. He missed the first six games of the season, and was replaced by Jack Halfpenny, the last game he missed was the teams only loss, to Rice, by 1 point. Texas went 10-1, won the Southwest Conference and, despite playing only half a season, in the Cotton Bowl Classic following that season Texas beat Missouri 40-27, and Layne played perhaps the best game of his career. He set several NCAA and Cotton Bowl records that have lasted into the 21st century, in 1946, the Longhorns were ranked #1 in the preseason for the first time, but after beating #20 Arkansas, they were upset by #16 Rice and later by unranked TCU. They went 8-2, finished third in the conference, ranked #15 nationally, Layne led the Southwest Conference in total offense, total passing and punting average. Despite the unexpected finish, Bobby Layne was named All-Conference again, in 1947, Blair Cherry replaced Dana X. Bible as head coach at Texas and he decided to install the T-formation offense, Cherry, Layne and their wives spent several weeks in Wisconsin studying the new offense at the training camps of the Chicago Bears and Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League. The Longhorns, after beating #19 North Carolina, started the season ranked #3 and they then beat #15 Oklahoma but, as happened in 1945, Texas was again denied an undefeated season by a missed extra point. After coming back once against Walkers #8 SMU, Texas again found itself behind late in the game, Layne engineered a 4th quarter touchdown drive that would have tied the game, however kicker Frank Guess pushed the extra point wide and the Longhorns lost 14-13
44.
Doak Walker
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Ewell Doak Walker Jr. was an American football player. He played college football as a halfback at Southern Methodist University, Walker then played professionally in the National Football League with the Detroit Lions for six seasons, from 1950 to 1955. Walker was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959, the Doak Walker Award, awarded annually since 1990 to the top running back in college football, is named after him. Born in Dallas, Texas, Walkers father was the assistant superintendent of schools for Dallas, Walker attended Highland Park High School in University Park, where he was a five-sport athlete in football, basketball, baseball, swimming, and track and field. In 1944, Doak Walker led his school football team to the State Championship. He and future college and NFL star Bobby Layne were teammates at Highland Park, following his graduation from high school in 1945, Walker joined the Merchant Marine as part of the American effort in World War II. The war was coming to a close, however, and Walker was discharged at the end of October 1945, in the Shrine game he garnered notice, throwing a tying touchdown pass for the West team. Walker did not play football in 1946, as he was called up by the U. S. Army in March 1946. His stint was brief, playing football for the Brooke Medical Center service team in San Antonio before being discharged in January 1947, following his discharge, Walker re-enrolled at SMU and rejoined the Mustangs football team. As a sophomore, he led Southern Methodist to a 1947 SWC championship and was named to a myriad of All-American teams and he gained similar All-American honors in 1948, and 1949. Walker won the Maxwell Award as a sophomore in 1947 and the Heisman Trophy in 1948 as a junior, during his award-winning 1948 season, Walker gained 532 yards on the ground, carrying the ball 108 times for a 4.9 yards per carry average. He also threw six passes from the halfback position, going 26-for-46. As a receiver, Walker hauled in 15 passes for 279 yards and 3 touchdowns, on the defensive side of the ball, he intercepted three passes. He also punted for a 42.1 yard average for the Mustangs, returned punts and kickoffs, Walker finished the year with 11 touchdowns scored, which combined with his kicking put 88 points on the scoreboard for the year. Walkers impact on SMU and football in the Dallas area led to the Cotton Bowls expansion and nickname and he was also a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, the mens society Cycen Fjodr, and lettered on the SMU basketball and baseball teams. In 2007, Walker was ranked No.4 on ESPNs list of the top 25 players in football history. Following his junior year at SMU, Walker was selected by the Boston Yanks with the pick of in the 1949 NFL draft. Following his senior season, the Detroit Lions acquired his rights in January 1950
45.
Tom Landry
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Thomas Wade Tom Landry was an American football player and coach. He is ranked as one of the greatest and most innovative coaches in National Football League history, creating many new formations and methods. He invented the now popular 4–3 defense, and the defense system made famous by the Doomsday Defense squads he created during his 29-year tenure with the Dallas Cowboys. His 29 consecutive years as the coach of one team are an NFL record, Landry won two Super Bowl titles, five NFC titles,13 Divisional titles, and compiled a 270–178–6 record, the third-most wins all-time for an NFL coach. His 20 career playoff victories are the second most of any coach in NFL history and he was named the NFL Coach of the Year in 1966 and the NFC Coach of the Year in 1975. His most impressive professional accomplishment is his 20 consecutive winning seasons, from 1966 to 1982 Dallas played in 12 NFL or NFC Championship games, a span of 17 years. More impressive is the Cowboys appearance in 10 NFC Championship games in the 13-year span from 1970 to 1982, born in Mission, Texas, to Ray and Ruth Landry, Tom was the second of four children. Landrys father had suffered from rheumatism, and relocated to the climate of Texas from Indiana or Illinois. Ray Landry himself was an athlete, making his mark locally as a pitcher, Tom played quarterback for Mission High School, where he led his team to a 12–0 record in his senior season. The Mission High School football stadium is named Tom Landry Stadium and is home to the Mission Eagles, Landry attended the University of Texas at Austin as an industrial engineering major. Landry had given thought to enrolling at Mississippi State University, where his friend John Tripson was an All-American, but he knew that he would be away from his friends and family. The main driving force in keeping him from enrolling at Mississippi State University was the notion that it would be too long a travel for his parents to see him play college football. He interrupted his education after a semester to serve in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, Landry was inspired to join the armed forces in honor of his brother Robert. Robert Landry had enlisted in the Army Air Corps after the attack on Pearl Harbor, while ferrying a B-17 over to England, Robert Landrys plane had gone down over the North Atlantic, close to Iceland. Several weeks passed before the Army was able to officially declare Robert Landry dead, Tom Landry began his basic training at Sheppard Field near Wichita Falls, Texas, and his preflight training at Kelly Field, located near San Antonio, Texas. Landrys first experience as a bomber was a tough one, a few minutes after takeoff, Landry realized that the pilot seemed to be working furiously, and Landry had realized the planes engine had died. Despite this experience, Landry was committed to flying, at the age of 19, Landry was transferred to Sioux City, Iowa, where he trained as a copilot for flying a B-17. In 1944, Landry got his orders, and from Sioux City he went to Liverpool, England, from November 1944 to April 1945, he completed a combat tour of 30 missions, and survived a crash landing in Belgium after his bomber ran out of fuel
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